ISSN 1516-3598
ISSN 1806-9290 online version

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

• Remark and Politics
• Submission of articles
• Organization and presentation of articles

The Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia (RBZ) is a monthly publication of the Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (SBZ), with the objective to publish original papers in the areas of Aquaculture; Forage; Animal Breeding and Genetics, Reproduction; Nutrition of Ruminants and Non-Ruminants; Animal Production Systems, and Agribusiness.

In the publication process, the technical-scientific papers are judged by ad hoc reviewers, indicated by the Scientific Council, composed by specialists with doctorate in the different areas of interest, and coordinated by the Editorial Commission of RBZ. The editorial politics of RBZ consists on the maintenance of high scientific pattern of the publications, through collaborators of renowned ethical conduct and high technical level.

Submissions will only be accepted in the English language (either American or British spelling).

Papers already published or have been submitted in any other journal will not be accepted. It is emphasized that this rule is not validated for expanded abstracts.

The content of the articles published by Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia is of sole responsibility of their authors.

The RBZ publishes original scientific articles in the areas of Aquaculture; Forage; Animal Breeding and Genetics, Reproduction; Nutrition of Ruminants and Non-Ruminants; Animal Production Systems, and Agribusiness.

The submission of manuscripts should be made online, at http://www.sbz.org.br, the official site of the Brazilian Society of Animal Science, and look for the menu Journal (or http://www.revista.sbz.org.br), along with a statement of commitment as instructed on the link "Submit your manuscript". The text should be prepared accordingly to RBZ guidance available on the link "Instructions to authors".

Payment of processing fee (prerequisite for issuance of the protocol number) in the amount of R$ 53,00 must be done accordingly to guidance available on the SBZ web site (http://www.sbz.org.br).

Once the article is accepted, the author should pay the publication fee. Instructions are available at http://www.revista.sbz.org.br link "Instructions to authors", "Fees".

Language: English

Submissions will only be accepted in the English language (either American or British spelling). The editorial board of RBZ reserves the right to demand that authors revise the translation or to cancel the processing of the manuscript, if the English version submitted contains errors of spelling, punctuation, grammar, terminology, jargons or semantics that can either compromise good understanding or not follow the Journal standards. It is strongly recommended that the translation process be made by native speakers of English.

Types of Articles

Full-length research article: A full-length research paper provides a complete account of the experimental work. The text should represent the research process and foster its cohesive understanding and a coherent explanation regarding to the information presented.

Short communication: That is a succinct account of the final results of an experimental work, which have full justification for publication, although with a volume of information which is not sufficient to be considered a full length research article. The results used as the basis to prepare the short communication cannot be used subsequently, neither partially nor wholly, for the presentation of a full-length article.

Technical note: This is either an evaluation report or proposition of method, a procedure or technique that correlates with the scope of the RBZ. Whenever possible, one should show the advantages and disadvantages of the new method, procedure or technique proposed, as well as its comparison with those previously or currently employed. Must present the proper scientific rigor in analysis, comparison, and discussion of results.

Peer-refereed invited reviews: Approach that represents the state of the art or critical view of issues of interest and relevance to the scientific community. Must be submitted only by invitation of the editorial board of the RBZ.

Editorial: To clarify and establish technical guidelines and/or philosophy for designing and making of articles to be submitted and evaluated by the RBZ. Will be drafted by or at the invitation of the editorial board of the RBZ.
Text must be elaborated following the norms of RBZ and guidelines available in the link "Instructions to authors".

Text formatting

The text should be typed by using Times New Roman font at 12 points, double-space (except for Abstract and Tables, that should be set in space 1.5), top, inferior, left and right margins of 2.5; 2.5; 3.5, and 2.5 cm, respectively.

The manuscript can contain up to 25 pages. Lines should be numbered, in Arabic numerals, and centered at the bottom.

Manuscripts with page numbers greater than 25 (and a maximum of 30 pages) may be submitted with a letter sent to the Editor-in-chief containing a justification for the excess number of pages. In case of acceptance of justification, the process usually occurs, leaving the authors to bear the additional costs of publishing extra pages at the time of publication (see publication costs). If no agreement with the explanation by the Editor-in-chief, the manuscript will be re-routed to the authors for meeting the standards, which must be held within 30 days. In case of non-receipt of this release term, the procedure will be cancelled (with no refund of the processing fee).

Structure of a full-length research article

The article should be divided into sections with centered headings, in bold in the following order: Abstract, Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion (or Results and Discussion), Conclusions, Acknowledgments (optional) and References. The heading is not followed by punctuation.

Subtitles (First subheadings) are not accepted. Paragraphs should begin 1.0 cm from the left margin.

Title

The title should be precise and informative with no more than 20 words. It should be typed in bold and centered as the example: Nutritional value of sugar cane for ruminants. Names of sponsor of grants for the research should always be indicated as the first footnotes numbered "1".

Authors

The listed authors should be no more than eight authors. The first letter of each name/surname should be capitalized (e.g., Anacleto José Benevenutto). Do not just list them with the initials and the last name (e.g., A.J. Benevenutto).

Other people that aided in the conduction of the experiment and/or preparation/evaluation of the paper should be mentioned in Acknowledgements.

Abstract

The abstract should contain no more than 1,800 characters plus space in one paragraph. The information of the abstract should be precise. Extensive abstract will be returned to be adequate with the guidelines.

The abstract should be summarized containing objective, material and methods, results and conclusions. It should not contain any introduction. References can never be cited in the abstract.

The text should be justified and typed in space 1.5, at the beginning of the manuscript with the word ABSTRACT capitalized, and initiated at 1.0 cm of the left margin.

Key Words

At the end of the abstracts list no more than six key words, separated by commas and are presented in alphabetical order. They should be elaborated so that the work is quickly rescued in the bibliographical researches. They cannot be from the title of the article. The key words should be justified and typed in lowercase. They should not contain final point.

Introduction

The Introduction should not exceed 2,500 characters with spaces, briefly summarizing the context of the subject, the justifications for the research and work objectives, otherwise will be rerouted to be adequate. Discussion based on references to support a specific concept should be avoided in the introduction.

Inferences on results obtained should be presented in the Discussion section.

Material and Methods

Whenever applicable, describe at the beginning of the section that the work was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and approved by the Ethics Committee and Biosafety of the institution.

A clear description or specific original reference is required for all biological, analytical, and statistical procedures. All modifications of procedures must be explained.

Results and Discussion

It is granted to the author in the making of this section to either combine the results with discussion or to write two sections by separating results and discussion. Sufficient data, all with some index of variation, should be presented to enable the reader to interpret the results of the experiment. In the discussion section one should interpret results clearly and concisely and integrate results with the literature search to provide the reader with a broad base on which will accept or reject the hypothesis.

Loose paragraphs and references presenting weak relationship with the problem being discussed must be avoided.

Conclusions

The conclusions should contain no more than 1,000 characters plus space and written in one paragraph.

Be absolutely certain that this section highlights what is new. What is the strongest and most important statement that you can make from your observations. Include the broader implications of your results. The conclusions are stated by using the present tense.

Abbreviations, symbols and units

Abbreviations, symbols and units should be listed as showed in the home page of RBZ, link "Instructions to Authors".

The use of author-defined abbreviations and acronyms should be avoided, as for instance: T3 was higher than T4, which did not differ from T5 and T6. This type of writing is appropriate for the author, but it is of complex understanding for the readers.

Authors should regularly consult the guidelines established by the RBZ and the use of units.

Structure of the article for communication and technical note

The presentation of the title should be preceded by the indication of the type of manuscript whether it is a Communication or a technical note, that shall be centered and bold.

The structures of communications and technical notes will follow guidelines set for full papers, limited, however, to 14 pages as the maximum tolerated for the manuscript.

Processing and publishing fees applied to communications and technical notes are the same for full length papers, considering, however, the limit of four pages in its final form. A fee will be charged for publishing additional page.

Tables and Figures

It is essential that tables be typed by following the menu of Microsoft Word® as "Insert Table" in distinct cells (it will not be accepted tables with values separated by the use the ENTER key or pasted as figure). Tables and figures prepared by other means will be rerouted in order to adequate to the journal guidelines.

Tables and figures should be numbered sequentially in Arabic numerals and presented just after the call in the text.

The title of the tables and figures should be short and informative, and the official abbreviations published by RBZ should be adopted.

On the graphs, designations of the variables on the X and Y axis should have their initials in capital letters and the units in parentheses.

Non-original figures should contain, after the title, the source from where they were extracted, that should be cited.

The units, the font (Times New Roman) and the body of the letters in all figures should be standardized.

The curves must be identified at the own figure. The excess of information that compromises the understanding of the graph should be avoided.

Use contrasting markers such as circles, squares, triangles or diamonds (full or empty) to represent points of curves in the graph.

Figures should be saved by using the Microsoft Word® or Excel®, or even the software Corel Draw® (CDR extension) to allow corrections during copyediting.

Use lines with a minimum 3/4 line weight.

The figures should be exclusively in monochrome tones.

Do not use bold in the figures.

Mathematical formulas and equations must be inserted in the text as an object and by using Microsoft Equation or a similar tool.

Citations in the text

The author citations in the text are in lowercase, followed by year of publication. In the case of two authors, use &, and in the case of three or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author, followed by the scholarly abbreviation et al.

Personal communication (Brazilian Association of Technical Notes - ABNT- rule number - BNBR 10520).

Personal communication can only be used if they are strictly necessary for the development or understanding of the work. Therefore it is not part of the list of references, so they are placed only as footnote. The author's last name followed by the phrase "personal communication", the date of notification, name, state and country of the institution to which the author is bound.

References

The reference follows the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT (NBR 6023).

References should be written on a separate page, and by alphabetical order of surname of author(s).

Type them by using single-spaced, justified, and retreat to the third letter from the second line of reference.

In works in which two or three authors are cited, mention should be made by separating them by a semicolon, and those with more than three authors, are the first three followed by et al. The initials of the authors can not contain spaces. The term et al. should not be in italic or preceded by a comma.

The author is indicated by last name followed by first and middle name initials, except for names of Spanish origin, enter with the last two surnames.

The typographical resource used to highlight the title is in boldface.

In the case of homonyms of cities, adds the name of the state (e.g., Gainesville, FL, Gainesville, VA).

Works of responsibility of a corporate body

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - AOAC. Official methods of
analysis. 16.ed. Arlington: AOAC International, 1995.

Books and chapters of books

NEWMANN, A.L.; SNAPP, R.R. Beef cattle. 7.ed. New York: John Wiley, 1997. 883p.

LINDHAL, I.L. Nutrición y alimentación de las cabras. In: CHURCH, D.C. (Ed.) Fisiologia digestiva y nutrición de los ruminantes. 3.ed. Zaragoza: Acríbia, 1974. p.425-434.

Theses and dissertations

It is recommended not to mention theses and dissertations as reference but always to look for articles published in peer reviewed indexed journals. Exceptionally, if necessary to cite thesis and dissertation, please indicate the following elements: author, title, year, page, level and area of the graduate program, university and local.

CASTRO, F.B. Avaliação do processo de digestão do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar auto-hidrolisado em bovinos. 1989. 123f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba.

SOUZA, X.R. Características de carcaça, qualidade de carne e composição lipídica de frangos de corte criados em sistemas de produção caipira e convencional. 2004. 334f. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras.

Bulletins and reports

BOWMAN,V.A. Palatability of animal, vegetable and blended fats by equine. (S.I.): Virgínia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1979. p.133-141 (Research division report, 175).

Articles

LUCY, M.C.; De La SOTA, R.L.; STAPLES, C.R. et al. Ovarian follicular populations in lactating dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (Sometribove) or saline and fed diets differing in fat content and energy. Journal of Dairy Science, v.76, n.4, p.1014-1027, 1993.

FUKUSHIMA, R.S.; KERLEY, M.S. Use of lignin extracted from different plant sources as standards in the spectrophotometric acetyl bromide lignin method. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2011, doi: 10.1021/jf104826n (in print).

Conferences, meetings, seminars etc.

CASACCIA, J.L.; PIRES, C.C.; RESTLE, J. Confinamento de bovinos inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos. In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 30., 1993, Rio de Janeiro. Anais... Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, 1993. p.468.

Citation of papers published on CD ROM

EUCLIDES, V.P.B.; MACEDO, M.C.M.; OLIVEIRA, M.P. Avaliação de cultivares de Panicum maximum em pastejo. In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA, 36., 1999, Porto Alegre. Anais... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia/Gmosis, [1999] (CD-ROM).

Article and or materials in electronic media

NGUYEN, T.H.N.; NGUYEN, V.H.; NGUYEN, T.N. et al. [2003]. Effect of drenching with cooking oil on performance of local yellow cattle fed rice straw and cassava foliage. Livestock Research for Rural Development, v.15, n.7, 2003. Available at: <http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd15/7/nhan157.htm> Accessed on: Jul. 28, 2005.

REBOLLAR, P.G.; BLAS, C. [2002]. Digestión de la soja integral en rumiantes. Available at: <http://www.ussoymeal.org/ruminant_s.pdf.> Accessed on: Oct. 28, 2002.

SILVA, R.N.; OLIVEIRA, R. [1996]. Os limites pedagógicos do paradigma da qualidade total na educação. In: CONGRESSO DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA UFPe, 4., 1996, Recife. Anais eletrônicos... Recife: Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, 1996. Available at: <http://www.propesq.ufpe.br/anais/anais.htm> Accessed on: Jan. 21, 1997.

Quotes on statistical software

The RBZ does not recommend bibliographic citation of software applied to statistical analysis. The use of programs must be informed in the text in the proper section, Materials and Methods, including the specific procedure, the name of the software, its version and/or release year.

"... statistical procedures were conducted using PROC MIXED of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.2.)"