Shallow-water Aplysina Nardo (Aplysinidae, Verongida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (Tropical southwestern Atlantic), with the description of a new species and a literature review of other brazilian records of the genus

Pinheiro, Ulisses dos Santos; Hajdu, Eduardo

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000500012

Abstract

Two species of Aplysina Nardo, 1834 are described in this article, Aplysina caissara sp. n. and A. fulva (Pallas, 1766). Additionally, a possible third species was identified as A. aff. cauliformis. Collections were done in the São Sebastião Channel area as an ongoing effort to assess the poriferan biodiversity of the northern sector of the São Paulo State coastline. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, and descriptions of external morphology are based on the observation of populations alive, and on extensive underwater photography. A literature review of other brazilian records of Aplysina was undertaken, and an ammended species list is offered.

Porifera; Aplysina; sponges; southwestern Atlantic; taxonomy; Brazil

Shallow-water Aplysina Nardo (Aplysinidae, Verongida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (Tropical southwestern Atlantic), with the description of a new species and a literature review of other brazilian records of the genus

Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro^I,II; Eduardo Hajdu^I,III

^IMuseu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade do Brasil. Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: uli6@acd.ufrj.br or hajdu@acd.ufrj.br

^IIFAPERJ fellowship

^IIICNPq fellowship

ABSTRACT

Two species of Aplysina Nardo, 1834 are described in this article, Aplysina caissara sp. n. and A. fulva (Pallas, 1766). Additionally, a possible third species was identified as A. aff. cauliformis. Collections were done in the São Sebastião Channel area as an ongoing effort to assess the poriferan biodiversity of the northern sector of the São Paulo State coastline. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, and descriptions of external morphology are based on the observation of populations alive, and on extensive underwater photography. A literature review of other brazilian records of Aplysina was undertaken, and an ammended species list is offered.

Key words: Porifera, Aplysina, sponges, southwestern Atlantic, taxonomy, Brazil

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Authors are thankful to Klaus Rützler & Kate Smith for the extended loan of DE LAUBENFELS' (1956) slide collection (Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., E.U.A.); and to Beatriz Mothes and Cléa B. Lerner (MCN) for the loan of material from Santa Catarina State. Paulo A.S. Mourão and Mauro Pavão (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) are thanked for the provision of papain, and G. Lôbo-Hajdu (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) for the preparation of all the buffers/solutions needed for our enzimatic treatment of spongin skeletons. CNPq is thanked for a Research Productivity Fellowship to EH. FAPERJ is thanked for a Scientific Iniciation Fellowship to USP, and a research grant to EH. FAPESP provided research grants and a Post-Doc Fellowship to EH. FUJB is thanked for grants awarded to the Departamento de Invertebrados (Museu Nacional).

Recebido em 11.V.2000; aceito em 22.VI.2001.

Bergquist, P.R. 1980. The ordinal and subclass classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera); appraisal of the present arrangement, and proposal of a new order. New Zealand Jour. Zool. 7(1):1-6.
Bergquist, P.R. & R.J. Wells. 1983. Chemotaxonomy of the Porifera: the development and current status of the field, p. 1-50. In: P. Scheuer (Ed.). Marine Natural Products Pt. 5. New York, Academic Press, 383p.
Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des côtes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Rés. Scient. Camp. Calypso 10:263-295.
Collette, B.B. & K. Rutzler. 1977. Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proc. 3^rd Int. Coral Reef Syp., p. 305-310.
de Laubenfels, M.W. 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Pap. Tortugas Lab. 30:1-225.
______. 1948. The order Keratosa of the Phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occas. Papers Allan Hancock Found. 3:1-217.
______. 1956. Preliminary discussion of the sponges of Brazil. Contr. Avulsas Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. São Paulo, Oceanogr. Biol. 1:1-4.
Esper, E.J.C. 1794. Die Pflanzenthiere. Theil I. Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Nürnberg, Raspe, 303p.
Hajdu, E. 1998. Listados poríferos (Phylum Porifera) marinhos citados para o Estado de São Paulo - Novembro de 1997. Base de Dados do BIOTA: http://www.biota.org.br/biodiv/biodiversidade/poriferos/porifera
Hajdu, E.; G. Muricy, M. Custódio; C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1992. Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new Astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwesten Atlantic). Bull. mar. Sci. 51(2),204-217.
Hajdu, E.; G. Muricy; R.G.S. Berlink & J.C. Freitas. 1996. Marine poriferan diversity in Brasil: through knowledge to management, p. 157-172. In: C.E.M. Bicudo & N.A. Menezes (Eds). Biodiversity in Brazil: a first approach. São Paulo, CNPq, 326p.
Hajdu, E.; R.G.S. Berlink & J.C. Freitas. 1999. Porifera, p. 19-32. In: A.E. Migotto & C.G. Tiago (Eds). Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (3): Invertebrados Marinhos. São Paulo, Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, 310p.
Hechtel, G.J. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bull. Peabody Mus. nat. Hist. 20:1-94.
______. 1976. Zoogeography of brazilian marine Demospongiae, p. 237-259. In: F.W. Harrison & R.R. Cowden (Eds). Aspects of sponges biology. New York, Academic Press, IV+354p.
______. 1983. New species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, sér. Zool., 63:59-89.
Hyatt, 1875. Revision of the North-American Porifera, with remarks upon foreign species. Part. I. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. Mem. 2:399-408.
Johnson, M.F. 1971. Some marine sponges of northeast Brazil. Arq. Ciênc. Mar. 2(11):103-116.
Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1999. More north Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49(12):141-169.
Lendenfeld, R.L. 1889. A monograph of the horny sponges. London, Trübner & Co., IV+936p.
Lerner, C.B. 1996. Esponjas da Ilha da Galé, Reserva Marinha Biológica do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Biociências, Porto Alegre, 2(4):101-129.
Maldonado, M. & C.M. Young. 1998. Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid sponges, with description of a new species from the upper Bahamian slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2):417-426.
Migotto, A.E.; C.G. Tiago & A.R.M. Magalhães. 1993. Malacofauna marinha da região costeira do Canal de São Sebastião, SP, Brasil: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplacophora e Scaphopoda. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. São Paulo 41(1/2):13-27.
Mothes-de-Moraes, B. 1987. Ocorrência de poríferos na zona de maré da Ilha João da Cunha, Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). I. Iheringia, sér. zool., 66:129-139.
Mothes, B. & M.C.K.A. Bastian. 1993. Esponjas do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Porifera, Demospongiae). I. Iheringia, sér. zool., 75:15-31.
Muricy, G. 1989. Sponges as pollution-biomonitors at Arraial do Cabo, Southeastern Brazil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 49(2):347-354.
Muricy, G.; E. Hajdu; M. Custódio; M. Klautau; C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1991. Sponge distribution at Arraial do Cabo, S.E. Brazil. Proc. VII Symp. Coast. Ocean Manag., ASCE Publs, 2, p. 1183-1196.
Muricy, G.; E. Hajdu; F.V. Araújo & A.N. Hagler. 1993. Antimicrobial activity of Southwestern Atlantic shallow-water marine sponges (Porifera). Sci. Mar. 57(4):427-432.
Muricy, G. & F.C. Morais. 1998. Marine sponges of Pernambuco State, NE Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Oceanogr. 46(2):213-217.
²⁹
Pires-Vanin, A.M.S.; T.N. Corbisier, E. Arasaki & A.M. Möellmann. 1997. Composição e distribuição espaço-temporal da fauna bêntica no Canal de São Sebastião. Relat. Téc. Inst. Oceanogr. 41:29-46.
Poléjaeff, N.N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rep. sci. Res. Voyage Challenger. 2:1-88.
Sarà, M. & J. Vacelet. 1973. Écologie des Demosponges, p. 462-576. In: P.P. Grassé (Ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Paris, Masson, VI+716p.
Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. 1990. Vulnerabilidade do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo a vazamentos de petróleo e derivados. An. II Simp. Ecoss. Costa Sul e Sudeste brasil., Estrutura, Função e Manejo, p. 375-399.
Solé.-Cava, A.M.; A. Kelecom & G.J. Kannengiesser. 1981. Study of some sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the infralitoral of Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Iheringia, sér. zool., 60:125-150.
van Soest, R.W.M. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. Stud. Fauna Curaçao Caribb. Isls. 56(179):1-94.
______. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curaçao Caribb. Isls. 62(191):1-173.
______. 1994. Demosponge distribution patterns, p. 213-223. In: R.W.M. van Soest; T.M.G. van Kempen & J.C. Brackman (Eds). Sponges in time and space: Biology, Chemistry, Palentology. Rotterdam, Balkema, 515p.
Wiedenmayer, F. 1977. Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag, 287p.
Zea, S. 1987. Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Santa Marta, Editorial Catálogo Científico, 286p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
30 Apr 2009
Date of issue
July 2001

History

Received
11 May 2000
Accepted
22 June 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Bergquist, P.R. 1980. The ordinal and subclass classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera); appraisal of the present arrangement, and proposal of a new order. New Zealand Jour. Zool. 7(1):1-6.

[2] Bergquist, P.R. & R.J. Wells. 1983. Chemotaxonomy of the Porifera: the development and current status of the field, p. 1-50. In: P. Scheuer (Ed.). Marine Natural Products Pt. 5. New York, Academic Press, 383p.

[3] Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des côtes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Rés. Scient. Camp. Calypso 10:263-295.

[4] Collette, B.B. & K. Rutzler. 1977. Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proc. 3^rd Int. Coral Reef Syp., p. 305-310.

[5] de Laubenfels, M.W. 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Pap. Tortugas Lab. 30:1-225.

[6] ______. 1948. The order Keratosa of the Phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occas. Papers Allan Hancock Found. 3:1-217.

[7] ______. 1956. Preliminary discussion of the sponges of Brazil. Contr. Avulsas Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. São Paulo, Oceanogr. Biol. 1:1-4.

[8] Esper, E.J.C. 1794. Die Pflanzenthiere. Theil I. Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Nürnberg, Raspe, 303p.

[9] Hajdu, E. 1998. Listados poríferos (Phylum Porifera) marinhos citados para o Estado de São Paulo - Novembro de 1997. Base de Dados do BIOTA: http://www.biota.org.br/biodiv/biodiversidade/poriferos/porifera

[10] Hajdu, E.; G. Muricy, M. Custódio; C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1992. Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new Astrophorid from the Brazilian coast (Southwesten Atlantic). Bull. mar. Sci. 51(2),204-217.

[11] Hajdu, E.; G. Muricy; R.G.S. Berlink & J.C. Freitas. 1996. Marine poriferan diversity in Brasil: through knowledge to management, p. 157-172. In: C.E.M. Bicudo & N.A. Menezes (Eds). Biodiversity in Brazil: a first approach. São Paulo, CNPq, 326p.

[12] Hajdu, E.; R.G.S. Berlink & J.C. Freitas. 1999. Porifera, p. 19-32. In: A.E. Migotto & C.G. Tiago (Eds). Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (3): Invertebrados Marinhos. São Paulo, Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, 310p.

[13] Hechtel, G.J. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bull. Peabody Mus. nat. Hist. 20:1-94.

[14] ______. 1976. Zoogeography of brazilian marine Demospongiae, p. 237-259. In: F.W. Harrison & R.R. Cowden (Eds). Aspects of sponges biology. New York, Academic Press, IV+354p.

[15] ______. 1983. New species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, sér. Zool., 63:59-89.

[16] Hyatt, 1875. Revision of the North-American Porifera, with remarks upon foreign species. Part. I. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. Mem. 2:399-408.

[17] Johnson, M.F. 1971. Some marine sponges of northeast Brazil. Arq. Ciênc. Mar. 2(11):103-116.

[18] Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1999. More north Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49(12):141-169.

[19] Lendenfeld, R.L. 1889. A monograph of the horny sponges. London, Trübner & Co., IV+936p.

[20] Lerner, C.B. 1996. Esponjas da Ilha da Galé, Reserva Marinha Biológica do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Biociências, Porto Alegre, 2(4):101-129.

[21] Maldonado, M. & C.M. Young. 1998. Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid sponges, with description of a new species from the upper Bahamian slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2):417-426.

[22] Migotto, A.E.; C.G. Tiago & A.R.M. Magalhães. 1993. Malacofauna marinha da região costeira do Canal de São Sebastião, SP, Brasil: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplacophora e Scaphopoda. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. São Paulo 41(1/2):13-27.

[23] Mothes-de-Moraes, B. 1987. Ocorrência de poríferos na zona de maré da Ilha João da Cunha, Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). I. Iheringia, sér. zool., 66:129-139.

[24] Mothes, B. & M.C.K.A. Bastian. 1993. Esponjas do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Porifera, Demospongiae). I. Iheringia, sér. zool., 75:15-31.

[25] Muricy, G. 1989. Sponges as pollution-biomonitors at Arraial do Cabo, Southeastern Brazil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 49(2):347-354.

[26] Muricy, G.; E. Hajdu; M. Custódio; M. Klautau; C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1991. Sponge distribution at Arraial do Cabo, S.E. Brazil. Proc. VII Symp. Coast. Ocean Manag., ASCE Publs, 2, p. 1183-1196.

[27] Muricy, G.; E. Hajdu; F.V. Araújo & A.N. Hagler. 1993. Antimicrobial activity of Southwestern Atlantic shallow-water marine sponges (Porifera). Sci. Mar. 57(4):427-432.

[28] Muricy, G. & F.C. Morais. 1998. Marine sponges of Pernambuco State, NE Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Oceanogr. 46(2):213-217.

[29] ²⁹
Pires-Vanin, A.M.S.; T.N. Corbisier, E. Arasaki & A.M. Möellmann. 1997. Composição e distribuição espaço-temporal da fauna bêntica no Canal de São Sebastião. Relat. Téc. Inst. Oceanogr. 41:29-46.

[30] Poléjaeff, N.N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rep. sci. Res. Voyage Challenger. 2:1-88.

[31] Sarà, M. & J. Vacelet. 1973. Écologie des Demosponges, p. 462-576. In: P.P. Grassé (Ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Paris, Masson, VI+716p.

[32] Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. 1990. Vulnerabilidade do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo a vazamentos de petróleo e derivados. An. II Simp. Ecoss. Costa Sul e Sudeste brasil., Estrutura, Função e Manejo, p. 375-399.

[33] Solé.-Cava, A.M.; A. Kelecom & G.J. Kannengiesser. 1981. Study of some sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the infralitoral of Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Iheringia, sér. zool., 60:125-150.

[34] van Soest, R.W.M. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. Stud. Fauna Curaçao Caribb. Isls. 56(179):1-94.

[35] ______. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curaçao Caribb. Isls. 62(191):1-173.

[36] ______. 1994. Demosponge distribution patterns, p. 213-223. In: R.W.M. van Soest; T.M.G. van Kempen & J.C. Brackman (Eds). Sponges in time and space: Biology, Chemistry, Palentology. Rotterdam, Balkema, 515p.

[37] Wiedenmayer, F. 1977. Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag, 287p.

[38] Zea, S. 1987. Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Santa Marta, Editorial Catálogo Científico, 286p.