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The taxonomic status of Pagurus bouvieri (Faxon, 1895), an obscure name, and redescription of Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892), a poorly known species (Decapoda: Paguridae)

Abstract

The status of the obscure Pagurus bouvieri (Faxon, 1895), a replacement name proposed for the preoccupied Eupagurus smithii A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1893, was evaluated. Based on types and numerous unreported museum materials, P. bouvieri is found to be synonymous with Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882) a commonly encountered but infrequently discussed northwestern Atlantic species. The taxonomy and geographic distribution of P. politus is updated with a complete synonymy, redescription, and illustrations. The taxonomy of the northeastern Pacific species Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892) is also updated, including a redescription with illustrations.

Keywords
Hermit crabs; Paguridae; Pagurus bouvieri; Pagurus smithi; taxonomy

INTRODUCTION

In a report on the “stalked-eyed Crustacea” from the eastern Pacific, Faxon (1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. : 57) stated in a brief remark under Eupagurus californiensis (Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
) (= Phimochirus californiensis) that A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
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) had described a species from Sand Key, on the Gulf of Mexico coast of Florida, under the name Eupagurus smithii. Faxon noticed that this same name had previously been used by Benedict (1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
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, spelled E. smithi) for a species from the Gulf of California, in the eastern Pacific, and thus proposed the name Eupagurus bouvieri as replacement name for A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier’s taxon. When the ICZN validated the name “Pagurus Fabricius, 1775Fabricius JC 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii. 832p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510
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” and placed “Eupagurus Brandt, 1851Brandt JF 1851. Krebse. p. 77-148. In: Middendorff, A. Th. von, Reise in den äusser sten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844, 2(1) (Zoologie). St. Petersburg, Buchdrukerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52029
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52029...
” in the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology (Hemming, 1957Hemming F (Ed.) 1957. Opinion 472. Addition to the official list of generic names in zoology of the generic name Pagurus Fabricius, 1775, with Cancer bernhardus Linnaeus, 1758, as type species (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda). Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, 16(13): 213-276.; 1958Hemming F (Ed.) 1958. Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology, 1: 1-132. London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.), the Gulf of California and Gulf of Mexico species names became Pagurus smithi and P. bouvieri, respectively.

Faxon’s (1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. ) Pagurus bouvieri has been mentioned only in taxonomic lists (Williams et al., 1989Williams AB; Abele LG; Felder DL; Hobbs HH Jr, Manning RB; McLaughlin PA and Pérez Farfante I 1989. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17: 1-77, 4 unnumbered plates.; McLaughlin et al., 2005McLaughlin PA; Camp DK; Eldredge LG; Goy JW; Felder DL; Hobbs III HH; Kensley B; Lemaitre R and Martin JW 2005. Order Decapoda. In: McLaughlin PA et al. (Eds.), Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 31: i- xiii, 1-545. https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643
https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643...
; 2010McLaughlin PA; Komai T; Lemaitre R and Rahayu DL 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement, 23: 5-107. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/s23rbz005-107.pdf
https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/upl...
) since that name was proposed, although without any new specimens reported. While reviewing the taxonomic literature for species of Pagurus in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2022WoRMS Editorial Board 2022. World Register of Marine Species. Available at Available at http://www.marinespecies.orgat VLIZ. Accessed on 09 January 2022. Available at http://www.marinespecies.orgat VLIZ. Accessed on 09 January 2022. https://doi.org/10.14284/170
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), it was noticed that A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
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: 143) mentioned that their Eupagurus smithii (= Pagurus bouvieri) had close affinities in morphology and habitat with E. politus Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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(= Pagurus politus), and that the two differed slightly in the length of the chelipeds relative to the ambulatory legs, curvature, chitinous claws of the cheliped fingers, and armature of the carpi of the ambulatory legs. The suspicion that those characters might represent variations within a single species, together with the lack of distributional information on P. bouvieri beyond that originally reported by A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
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) from Sand Key, Florida, prompted the evaluation of the type materials of these two species (P. bouvieri and P. politus) in order to ascertain if the two names indeed represented different species. The study of the type materials clearly showed that the characters presumed by A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier to differentiate their taxon from P. politus are within the normal range of intra-specific variations observed in many species of Pagurus, and therefore the type specimens of both taxa represent the same species. Thus, P. bouvieri must be considered a junior synonym of P. politus. The full taxonomy of P. politus is presented herein along with a redescription, including morphological illustrations.

Benedict (1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
) described the northeastern Pacific Pagurus smithi without including any illustrations or enough morphological details that could reliably be used to compare with the numerous other congeners currently in Pagurus Fabricius, 1775Fabricius JC 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii. 832p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510...
. Since then, only Glassell (1937Glassell SA 1937. The Templeton Crocker Expedition. 11. Hermit crabs from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Lower California. Zoologica, 22(3): 241-263. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681
https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681...
), Haig et al. (1970Haig J; Hopkins TS and Scanland TB 1970. The shallow water anomuran crab fauna of southwestern Baja California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16(2): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453...
), Hendrickx (1993Hendrickx ME 1993. Crustáceos decápodos del Pacífico Mexicano. p. 271-318. In: Salazar Vallejo SI and NE González (Eds.), Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de México. México, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y CIQRO, 865p. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/29674.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/2967...
), and Hendrickx and Harvey (1999Hendrickx ME and Harvey AW 1999. Checklist of anomuran crabs from the eastern tropical Pacific. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 129 (2): 363-389.), have reported this species, although none of those studies have added any morphological information. The opportunity is taken herein to present a detailed taxonomy and redescription of this species, including illustrations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens used for this study remain deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (MCZ), and the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA (USNM). General morphological terminology follows McLaughlin (2003McLaughlin PA 2003. Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnosis of genera of Paguridae. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 60(1): 111-144. https://museumsvictoria.com.au/media/4028/60_1_mclaughlin.pdf
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), except for the clarification of the numbering of cephalothoracic somites provided by Felder et al. (2019Felder DL; Lemaitre R and Craig C 2019. Two new species of the Phimochirus holthuisi complex from the Gulf of Mexico, supported by morphology, color, and genetics (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridae). Zootaxa, 4683(4): 531-551. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4....
). Measurements indicated in the material examined sections are of cephalic shield length, taken to the nearest 0.1 mm, from the tip of the rostrum to the midpoint of the posterior margin of the shield.

Abbreviations used in the material examined sections and Tab. 1, include: BIMP, Georges Bank Monitoring Program (conducted by Batelle New England Marine Research Laboratory); CLTE, Carnegie Lab Tortugas Expedition; CABP, Middle Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies (conducted by Virginia Institute of Marine Science); GoMRI, Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (conducted by University of Louisiana-Lafayette); MARMAP, Marine Resources Monitoring & Assessment Prediction program (conducted by United States Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service); MMS, United States Department of Interior, Mineral Management Services; ovig, ovigerous females; months are indicated by first three letters; sta, station; SABP, South Atlantic Benchmark Program, Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies (conducted by Texas Instruments Incorporated); NEEB, New England Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Benchmark (conducted by Energy Resources Company Inc.); USFC, United States Fish Commission; USGS, United States Geodetic Survey.

Table 1.
Material of Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washignton DC, USA .

TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT

Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802

Family Paguridae Latreille, 1802

Genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775Fabricius JC 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii. 832p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510...

Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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)

(Figs. 1-4A, B)

Figure 1.
Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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), male lectotype 7.9 mm, USFC Albatross, sta 2823, northwestern Atlantic, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts (USNM 16716): A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; B, anterior and posterior lobes of sternite XI (between third pair of pereopods), ventral view; C, sternite XIII (between fifth pair of pereopods), ventral view; D, telson, dorsal view. Scales = 3 mm (A), and 2 mm (B-D).

Figure 2.
Carpus and chela of chelipeds, dorsal view. Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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), male lectotype 7.9 mm, USFC Albatross, sta 2823, northwestern Atlantic, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts (USNM 16716): A, left; B, right. Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
), male lectotype 7.9 mm, USFC Albatross, sta 2823, northeastern Pacific, southern part of Gulf of California, Mexico (USNM 16716): C, left; D, right. Scales = 1 mm.

Figure 3.
Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
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), male lectotype 7.9 mm, USFC Albatross, sta 2823, northwestern Atlantic, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts (USNM 16716): A, right second pereopod, lateral view; B, dactyl of same, mesial view; C, right third pereopod, lateral view; D, dactyl of same, mesial view; E, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral view. Scales equal 5 mm (A-D) and 1 mm (E).

Eupagurus sp. - Smith, 1881Smith SI 1881. Preliminary notice of the Crustacea dredged, in 64 to 325 fathoms, off the south coast of New England, by the United States Fish Commission in 1880. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 3: 413-452. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.172.413
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.172....
: 428. - Smith, 1882: 14.

Eupagurus politus Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
: 12, pl. 2, fig. 5 (type locality: USFC Fish Hawk, sta 922, Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, northeastern coast of United States) . - Smith, 1883Smith SI 1883. Preliminary report on the Brachyura and Anomura dredged in deep water off the south coast of New England by the United States Fish Commission in 1880, 1881, and 1882. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 6(1): 21-57. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.6-343.1
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: 27, pl. 4, fig. 4. - Verrill, 1883Verrill AE 1883. Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake,” commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., Commanding. 21. Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the “Blake” in 1877-79, and by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Fish Hawk” in 1880-82. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 11(1): 1-72, pls. 1-8. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/304650
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Eupagurus Smithii A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
: 140, pl. 10, figs 1-12 (preoccupied name) (type locality: Sand Key, Florida, Gulf of Mexico).

Eupagurus bouvieri Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. : 57 (replacement name for Eupagurus smithii A. Milne Edwards, 1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
).

?Pagurus politus - Sumner et al., 1913Sumner FB; Osburn RC and Cole LJ 1913. A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Part 2, Section 3: A catalogue of the marine fauna. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 31(1911): 549-794. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1603
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: 668.

Pagurus politus - Rathbun, 1905Rathbun MJ 1905. Fauna of New England. 5. List of the Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7: 1-117. https://lccn.loc.gov/48039267
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: 9. - Abele and Kim, 1986Abele LG and Kim W 1986. An illustrated guide of the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida. State of Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Technical Series, 8(1), parts 1, 2: 1-760. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12365/12365.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12365/1236...
: 33, 379, unnumbered fig. f-h. -Williams et al., 1989Williams AB; Abele LG; Felder DL; Hobbs HH Jr, Manning RB; McLaughlin PA and Pérez Farfante I 1989. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17: 1-77, 4 unnumbered plates.: 31. - Squires, 1990Squires HJ 1990. Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 221: 1-532. https://research.nhm.org/pdfs/22795/22795.pdf
https://research.nhm.org/pdfs/22795/2279...
: 365 (key), 381, figs 202, 203. - Nizinski, 2003Nizinski MS 2003. Annotated checklist of decapod crustaceans of Atlantic coastal and continental shelf waters of the United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116(1): 96-157. https://biostor.org/reference/65749
https://biostor.org/reference/65749...
: 121. - Felder et al., 2009Felder DL; Álvarez F; Goy J.W and Lemaitre R 2009. Decapoda (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Amphionidacea. p. 1019-1104. In: Felder DL and Camp DK (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1, Biodiversity. College Station, Texas A&M University Press. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/31408/31408.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/31408/3140...
: 1071. - Martínez-Campos et al., 2017Martínez-Campos B; Campos NH and Lemaitre R 2017. Catálogo de los cangrejos ermitaños del Caribe colombiano / Catalog of hermit crabs from Colombian Caribbean. Santa Marta, Colombia, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales del INVEMAR # 32, 440p. http://hdl.handle.net/1834/13157
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/13157...
: 358, fig 6.71.

Pagurus bouvieri - Williams et al., 1989Williams AB; Abele LG; Felder DL; Hobbs HH Jr, Manning RB; McLaughlin PA and Pérez Farfante I 1989. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17: 1-77, 4 unnumbered plates.: 31. - McLaughlin et al., 2005McLaughlin PA; Camp DK; Eldredge LG; Goy JW; Felder DL; Hobbs III HH; Kensley B; Lemaitre R and Martin JW 2005. Order Decapoda. In: McLaughlin PA et al. (Eds.), Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 31: i- xiii, 1-545. https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643
https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643...
: 244. - McLaughlin et al., 2010McLaughlin PA; Komai T; Lemaitre R and Rahayu DL 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement, 23: 5-107. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/s23rbz005-107.pdf
https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/upl...
: 32.

Type material. Lectotype herein selected of Eupagurus politus Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
, male 9.8 mm, northwestern Atlantic, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 922, 40°03’48”N 70°45’54”W, 16 July 1881, 130 m (USNM 21452).

Paratypes of Eupagurus smithii A. Milne Edwards, 1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
(preoccupied name, = Eupagurus bouvieri Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. ), 2 ovig females 6.6 mm, 7.7 mm (Fig. 4), “Bache” Expedition, Gulf of Mexico, Sand Key, Florida, 234 m, 23 March 1872 (MCZ 4005).

Paralectotypes of Eupagurus politus Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
: 3 males 4.1-4.8 mm, 2 females 4.6, 5.2 mm, northwestern Atlantic, Cape May, New Jersey, USCS Blake, sta 336, 38°21’50”N 73°32’W, 18 Jul 1880, 360 m (USNM 4929); and specimens listed by Smith (1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
: 13, 14) from USFC stations 197, 260, 304, 306, 309, 310 (not found in USNM or MCZ, see Remarks).

Additional material. See Tab. 1.

Redescription. Eleven pairs of undivided phyllobranch gills. Shield (Fig. 1) slightly broader than long; dorsal surface smooth except for longitudinal row of 3 tufts of short setae on each side of midline, with distinct short slit parallel to each anterior dorsolateral margin and short linea-d on each side; rostrum bluntly triangular, with pair of tufts of setae dorsally; lateral projections each armed with strong spine distally.

Ocular peduncles (Figs. 1A, 4) stout, approximately 0.7 times (including cornea) as long as shield; corneas dilated; ocular acicles with strong sub-marginal spine, dorsodistal surface concave.

Antennular peduncle (Fig. 1A) exceeding cornea by approximately 1.5 times length of ultimate segment, nearly naked.

Antennal peduncle (Fig. 1A) slightly exceeding distal margin of cornea; fifth and fourth segments unarmed; third segment with strong ventrodistal spine; second segment with dorsolateral distal angle strongly produced forming strong spine reaching to distal margin of fourth segment, mesial margin armed with 3 or 4 spines in addition to terminal spine, dorsomesial distal angle with small spine; first segment with small spine on laterodistal margin; acicle slightly exceeding distal margin of cornea, sinuous (in dorsal view), terminating in acute spine, mesial margin with tufts of setae; flagellum naked, reaching to tips of fingers of right chela.

Chelipeds (Figs. 2, 4) markedly dissimilar in strength and length, left when fully extended reaching to proximal margin of dactyl of right cheliped. Right cheliped (Fig. 2B) with dactyl, fixed finger and palm armed dorsally with numerous mostly bluntly spiniform tubercles arranged in irregular rows; cutting edges of dactyl and fixed finger each consisting of row of dissimilar rounded calcareous teeth and row of tufts of setae on dorsomesial and ventromesial margins; palm with lateral and mesial margins rounded; carpus with dorsomesial margin well defined by row of strong spiniform tubercles.

Left chela (Fig. 2A) with dactyl more than 2 times as long as palm (measured on mesial margin). Dactyl surfaces lacking spines except proximally on mesial margin, with well-spaced tufts of short setae; cutting edge with row of fused minute corneous teeth. Palm and fixed finger with numerous mostly blunt spiniform tubercles, dorsal surface of palm somewhat longitudinally raised on midline; cutting edge of fixed finger with row of fused minute corneous teeth in between small sharp calcareous teeth. Carpus dorsal surface smooth and delimited by dorsolateral and dorsomesial row of strong spiniform tubercles.

Pereopods 2 and 3 (Figs. 3A-D, 4) similar left from right. Dactyl broadly curved, approximately 1.7 times as long as propodus, terminating in sharp corneous claw, with longitudinal crease on proximal half of lateral and mesial surfaces, ventromesial margin armed with 25-35 small corneous spinules on distal two-thirds. Propodus with dorsal margin (of pereopods 2 and 3) and dorsolateral surface (of pereopod 2) armed with small blunt or sharp tubercles. Carpus with dorsal margin armed with spiniform tubercles or spines and strong dorsodistal spine. Sternite XI (pereopods 3) with anterior lobe semicircular, distally setose (Fig. 1B).

Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3E) dactyl lacking preungual process. Propodal rasp consisting of 3 or 4 rows of ovate corneous scales.

Pereopod 5 chelate. Propodal rasp consisting of minute corneous scales occupying nearly half of lateral surface. Sternite XIII (pereopod 5) subdivided anteriorly into 2 setose lobes.

Uropods strongly asymmetrical, left stronger and larger. Telson (Fig. 1D) weakly asymmetrical, with distinct lateral indentation; posterior lobes separated by U-shaped cleft, terminal margins rounded, armed with straight or curved corneous-tipped spines (stronger on left lobe).

Male with paired gonopores (Fig. 1C) surrounded and covered by forwardly directed bristle-like setae; with unpaired left pleopods 2-5; females with paired gonopores, and unpaired left pleopods 2-5 (2-4 carrying eggs).

Distribution. Western Atlantic: eastern coast of the United States from Georges Bank, off Massachusetts, to Florida Straits; north of Bimini, Bahamas; Gulf of Mexico, from Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas; and Caribbean coast of Colombia. Depth: 30 to 1172 m, most frequently found on continental shelf (200 m or less).

Habitat. Occupies medium-sized gastropod shells.

Remarks. A holotype was not selected by Smith (1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
). The lectotype herein selected is the male figured by Smith (1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
) in his plate 2, figure 5.

A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
: 143) indicated in the description of their Eupagurus Smithii that an ovigerous female from Sand Key collected in 125 fathoms (229 m) was used as “type” for their taxon, and thus that specimen must be considered the holotype. As previously mentioned, Faxon (1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. ) discovered that A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier’s taxon was a preoccupied name and renamed it as Pagurus bouvieri, a name herein shown to be a junior synonym of P. politus. The lot containing the type used by A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier has not been found in the MCZ. A second lot (MCZ 4005) used by them, also from Sand Key but from a slightly deeper depth (128 fathoms or 234 m), was examined and found to contain now only two ovigerous female paratypes instead of the three indicated by A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
).

Despite being a commonly encountered species throughout its range, P. politus has rarely been discussed in pagurid taxonomic works. Numerous, unreported specimens are deposited in the USNM (Tab. 1). Earlier morphological information on this species provided by Smith (1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
) and A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
, as the preoccupied Eupagurus Smithii) were brief and the illustrations sketchy. Since then, most references to P. politus have been repetitions of previous records or in works dealing with behavioral or symbiotic aspects (e.g., Howe, 1901Howe F Jr 1901. Report of a dredging expedition off the southern coast of New England, September, 1899. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Fish Commission, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19 (for 1899): 237-240. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/3971
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl...
; Fowler, 1912Fowler HW 1912. The Crustacea of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, pt. 2: 29-650, pls. 1-150. https://lccn.loc.gov/08020431
https://lccn.loc.gov/08020431...
; Pilsbry, 1907Pilsbry HA 1907. The barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin, 60: 1-366. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.60.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.60.1...
; Verrill, 1885Verrill AE 1885. Results of the explorations made by the steamer Albatross off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Pt. 11. Report of the Commissioner for 1883, 16: 503-699. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12059
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12059...
; Hazlett, 1966Hazlett B 1966. The behavior of some deep-water hermit crabs (Decapoda: Paguridea) from the straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 16(1): 76-92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2097103
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2097103...
; Abele and Kim, 1986Abele LG and Kim W 1986. An illustrated guide of the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida. State of Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Technical Series, 8(1), parts 1, 2: 1-760. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12365/12365.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12365/1236...
; Nizinski, 2003Nizinski MS 2003. Annotated checklist of decapod crustaceans of Atlantic coastal and continental shelf waters of the United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116(1): 96-157. https://biostor.org/reference/65749
https://biostor.org/reference/65749...
; McLaughlin et al., 2005McLaughlin PA; Camp DK; Eldredge LG; Goy JW; Felder DL; Hobbs III HH; Kensley B; Lemaitre R and Martin JW 2005. Order Decapoda. In: McLaughlin PA et al. (Eds.), Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 31: i- xiii, 1-545. https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643
https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569643...
; McLaughlin et al., 2010McLaughlin PA; Komai T; Lemaitre R and Rahayu DL 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, supplement, 23: 5-107. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/s23rbz005-107.pdf
https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/upl...
).

Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
)

(Figs. 4C, D, 5, 6)

Figure 4.
Paratypes of Eupagurus smithii A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
(preoccupied name, = Eupagurus bouvieri Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. ): A, B, ovigerous females 6.6 mm (A, dorsal view; B, ventral view); C, ovigerous female 7.7 mm (dorsal view), “Bache” Expedition, Gulf of Mexico, Sand Key, Florida (MCZ 4005). Photos: D.L. Felder.

Figure 5.
Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
), lectotype male 7.9 mm, northeastern Pacific, southern Gulf of California, Mexico, USFC Albatross, sta 2823 (USNM 16716): A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; B, right basal antennular segment, dorsal view; C, portion of dorsolateral surface of right chela near base of fixed finger and lateral margin of chela, dorsolateral view; D, anterior and posterior lobes of sternite XI (between third pereopods), ventral view; E, sternite XIII (between fifth pereopods), ventral view; F, telson, dorsal view. Scales = 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C-F).

Figure 6.
Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
), lectotype male 7.9 mm, northeastern Pacific, southern Gulf of California, Mexico, USFC Albatross, sta 2823 (USNM 16716): A, right second pereopod, lateral view; B, dactyl of same, mesial view; C, right third pereopod, lateral view; D, dactyl of same, mesial view; E, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopods, lateral view. Scales = 3 mm (A, C), 2 mm (B, D), and 1 mm (E).

Eupagurus smithi Benedict, 1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
: 4 (type locality: USFC Albatross, sta 2823, Gulf of California, eastern Pacific).

Pagurus smithi - Glassell, 1937Glassell SA 1937. The Templeton Crocker Expedition. 11. Hermit crabs from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Lower California. Zoologica, 22(3): 241-263. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681
https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681...
: 259 (new combination). - Haig et al., 1970Haig J; Hopkins TS and Scanland TB 1970. The shallow water anomuran crab fauna of southwestern Baja California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16(2): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453...
: 19. - Hendrickx, 1993Hendrickx ME 1993. Crustáceos decápodos del Pacífico Mexicano. p. 271-318. In: Salazar Vallejo SI and NE González (Eds.), Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de México. México, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y CIQRO, 865p. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/29674.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/2967...
: 283, 309 (list). - Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999Hendrickx ME and Harvey AW 1999. Checklist of anomuran crabs from the eastern tropical Pacific. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 129 (2): 363-389.: 372.

Not Eupagurus Smithii A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1893Milne-Edwards A and Bouvier E-L 1893. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l’expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): 5-172. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16300...
: 140, pl. 10, figs 1-12 (preoccupied name) [= Pagurus bouvieri (Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292. ) = P. politus (Smith, 1882Smith SI 1882. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): 1-108. https://biostor.org/reference/60126
https://biostor.org/reference/60126...
)].

Type material. Lectotype, herein selected: male 7.9 mm, northeastern Pacific, south part of Gulf of California, Mexico, USFC Albatross, sta 2823, 24°18’00”N 110°22’00”W, 48.5 m, 30 April 1888 (USNM 16716). Paralectotypes: Northeastern Pacific, USFC Albatross: 4 males 6.1-7.6 mm, same station data as lectotype (USNM 108258); 6 males 3.0-6.0 mm, 4 females 3.3-5.1 mm, 1 ovig female 3.9 mm, sta 3014, Gulf of California, S of Tiburón Island, Sonora, Mexico, 28°28’00”N 112°04’30”W, 53 m, 23 March 1889 (USNM 16717); 1 male 6.0 mm, Gulf of California, N of Punta Estrella, Baja California, Mexico, sta 3030, 31°07’00”N 114°29’00”W, 37 m, 27 March 1889 (USNM 16718); 3 males 4.5-8.2 mm, 1 female 5.5 mm, Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, sta 3031, N of Punta Estrella, 31°06’45”N 114°28’15”W, 60 m, 27 Mar 1889 (USNM 16719); 4 females 3.1-4.3 mm, Baja California, Santa Margarita Island, Mexico, sta 3038, 24°30’N 111°53’00”W, 57 m, 8 April 1889 (USNM 16720); 1 male 7.5 mm, Baja California, Magdalena Bay, Mexico, sta 3042, 24°38’00”N 112°05’30”W, 31 m, 9 April 1889 (USNM 16721).

Non type material. Northeastern Pacific: 1 female 3.0 mm, Cerros Island, Baja California, Mexico, [28°12’N 115°15’W], haul 1631, 32.9 m, 9 January 1908, coll. Marine Biological Association of San Diego (USNM 1293191); 2 females 3.0, 6.4 mm, Santa Maria Bay, off Hughes Point, Baja California, Mexico, [24°46’01”N 112°16’59”W], 55-73 m, 7 Mar 1934 (USNM 1021120); 5 males 5.1-7.5 mm, 1 ovig female 6.0 mm, Santa Maria Bay, Baja California, Mexico, 27°24’22”N 112°17’52”W, 18-37 m, 20 January 1938, coll. S.A. Glassell (USNM 1293197).

Redescription. Shield (Fig. 5A) slightly broader than long; anterolateral margins sloping; with distinct slit parallel to each anterior dorsolateral margin; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; posterior margin truncate; dorsal surface smooth, nearly naked except for short tufts of setae, with short linea-d on each side. Rostrum obtusely triangular, without terminal spine, slightly bulging dorsally; lateral projections triangular, with small terminal spine; branchiostegites and posterior carapace membranous except for weakly calcified postero-median plate, glabrous except for finely setose anterior margins of branchiostegites.

Ocular peduncles (Fig. 5A) stout, approximately 0.7 times (including cornea) as long as shield, slightly constricted medially, glabrous; corneas dilated. Ocular acicles subtriangular, with sub-marginal spine, separated basally by approximately half basal width of 1 acicle, dorsal surface of distal portion concave.

Antennular peduncle (Fig. 5A) slender, exceeding distal margin of ocular peduncle (including cornea) by approximately 0.2 times length of ultimate segment. Ultimate and penultimate segments glabrous. Basal segment (Fig. 5B) lateral face with subrectangular distal lobe; proximal lobe bearing fringe of long bristle-like setae and terminating in strong spine.

Antennal peduncle (Fig. 5A) exceeding distal margin of ocular peduncle (including cornea) by approximately 0.5 times length of fifth segment. Fifth segment unarmed or with scattered setae. Fourth segment unarmed. Third segment with small ventrodistal spine. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle strongly produced forming strong spine (reaching to approximately 0.75 times length of fourth segment) with finely denticulate mesial margin; dorsomesial distal angle with small sharp spine, with short setae on mesial surface. First segment with small spine on laterodistal margin. Antennal acicle reaching to approximately distal margin of cornea, curving outwardly, terminating in acute spine, mesial margin with tufts of setae. Flagellum reaching to approximately mid-length of right chela, naked.

Chelipeds (Fig. 2C, D) distinctly unequal, right longer and broader, general shape subovate. Right chela somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, with dorsal surfaces densely covered with honeycomb pattern of flat-topped mushroom-like tubercles each with small spine (Fig. 5C) almost entirely covering surface beneath; ventral surfaces with numerous small, low tubercles; dactyl and fixed finger of each chela with strongly curved corneous tips crossed when closed.

Right chela (Fig. 2D) with dactyl approximately 1.4 times as long as palm (measured along mesial margin), nearly glabrous; dactyl with mesial margin armed with row of strong spines, cutting edge consisting of irregular-sized calcareous teeth and row of tufts of setae on dorsomesial and ventromesial margins. Fixed finger with armature similar to dactyl. Palm dorsal surface convex, lateral margin well delimited by row of strong arrowhead-like spines increasing in size distally and continuing on fixed finger; dorsomesial margin rounded, mesial surface armature similar to dorsal surface. Carpus with dorsal, lateral and mesial surfaces sparsely setose, covered with numerous spines, dorsolateral margin with row of strong spines; dorsodistal margin spinulose. Merus subtriangular in cross section; lateral and mesial faces fairly smooth; with ventrolateral and ventromesial margins having well-spaced small low tubercles. Ischium with small low tubercles on ventral surface. Coxa with small blunt spines on ventrodistal margin, and row of setae on ventromesial margin.

Left cheliped (Fig. 2C) general shape subovate, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened. Chela dorsal surface armed on dorsal and ventral surfaces similarly to right chela, nearly glabrous except for tufts on mesial surface of dactyl and fine setae on mesial margin of palm. Dactyl and fixed finger each with strongly curved corneous tips crossed when closed; lateral surface of dactyl with numerous tufts of setae; dactyl approximately 1.4 times as long as palm (measured on mesial margin), cutting edge with row of fused corneous teeth and tufts of setae; cutting edge of fixed finger with more or less similarly sized calcareous teeth and tufts of short setae. Palm with dorsolateral margin usually somewhat expanded laterally and well delimited by row of strong arrowhead-like spines decreasing in size distally and continued on fixed finger. Carpus with dorsal, lateral and mesial surfaces sparsely setose, covered with numerous spines; dorsomesial margin with row of strong spines; dorsodistal margin spinulose; ventral surface with small low tubercles. Merus subtriangular in cross-section; lateral and mesial faces fairly smooth; with ventrolateral and ventromesial margins having well-spaced small low tubercles. Ischium with small low tubercles on ventral surface. Coxa with small blunt spines on ventrodistal margin, and row of setae on ventromesial margin. Ischium unarmed, with moderated long setae on mesial surface.

Pereopods 2 and 3 (Fig. 6A-D) similar from left to right. Dactyl broadly curved, approximately 1.8-1.9 times as long as propodus (measured along dorsal margin), dorsal margin armed with small spines proximally, terminating in sharp corneous claw; lateral and mesial surfaces with median longitudinal crease extending distally from base to about 0.75 times length of dactyl; with dorsodistal and ventromesial row of setae on distal half, ventromesial margin with row of typically 10-15 slender corneous spinules interspersed with shorter corneous spinules on distal half, and tufts of setae on proximal half. Propodus with dorsal and dorsolateral margins sparsely setose, armed with small spines (more numerous and stronger on pereopod 2), otherwise glabrous, smooth. Carpus sparsely setose dorsally, dorsal margin armed with row of strong spines increasing in size distally, dorsolateral surface with small spines or low tubercles; laterodistal margin spinulose on pereopod 2, unarmed in pereopod 3; otherwise glabrous, smooth. Merus with scattered short setae on dorsal and ventral margins; lateral and mesial surfaces glabrous, smooth; dorsodistal and laterodistal margin spinulose (pereopod 2), or unarmed (pereopod 3); ventrodistal margin with minutes spines or tubercles. Sternite XI (pereopods 3; Fig. 5D) with anterior lobe semicircular, distally setose.

Pereopod 4 (Fig. 6E) semichelate. Dactyl curved, sub-triangular, terminating in sharp corneous claw, with ventrolateral row of minute, fused corneous teeth; with dorsal tufts of long setae. Propodus with dorsodistal tuft of long setae; propodal rasp well developed, consisting of 3-5 rows of ovate corneous scales. Carpus with long setae dorsodistally, otherwise glabrous.

Merus and ischium with setae on ventral margins.

Pereopod 5 chelate. Dactyl with rasp of small scales on lateral surface. Propodal rasp occupying nearly half of lateral face of propodus. Carpus, merus, ischium and coxa sparsely setose. Sternite XIII (pereopod 5; Fig. 5E) subdivided anteriorly into 2 setose lobes (densely setose in ovigerous females).

Pleon with distinct membranous, fleshy protuberance anteroventrally (more developed towards left side). Uropods strongly asymmetrical, left largest. Telson (Fig. 5F) weakly asymmetrical, with distinct deep transverse suture separating anterior and posterior lobes; anterior lobes with long setae on lateral margins; posterior lobes separated by narrow median cleft, terminal margins forming 2 subtriangular projections armed with strong corneous-tipped spines, each projection terminating in distinctly stronger simple or double spine.

Male with paired gonopores, each masked by forwardly directed setae; with unpaired left pleopods 3-5. Females with paired gonopores; unpaired left pleopods 2-5 (only pleopods 2-4 carrying eggs when ovigerous).

Distribution. Northeastern Pacific, so far only from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Baja California. Depth: 18 to 73 m.

Habitat. Inhabits gastropod shells frequently heavily encrusted with barnacles and anthozoans.

Remarks. Benedict’s (1892Benedict JE 1892. Preliminary descriptions of thirty-seven new species of hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 15: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-887.1
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.15-8...
) description of this species did not include illustrations or a list of material he examined. Neither did Benedict give an indication of which specimen was to be designated as the holotype. Benedict specimens came from the collections obtained on USFC Albatross, and thus those must be considered as the syntype series from which a lectotype is herein selected. Since the original description, this species has been reported only by Glassell (1937Glassell SA 1937. The Templeton Crocker Expedition. 11. Hermit crabs from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Lower California. Zoologica, 22(3): 241-263. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681
https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203681...
), Haig et al. (1970Haig J; Hopkins TS and Scanland TB 1970. The shallow water anomuran crab fauna of southwestern Baja California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16(2): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15453...
), Hendrickx (1993Hendrickx ME 1993. Crustáceos decápodos del Pacífico Mexicano. p. 271-318. In: Salazar Vallejo SI and NE González (Eds.), Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de México. México, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y CIQRO, 865p. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/29674.pdf
https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/29674/2967...
), and Hendrickx and Harvey (1999Hendrickx ME and Harvey AW 1999. Checklist of anomuran crabs from the eastern tropical Pacific. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 129 (2): 363-389.).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Credit is due for the writing of this paper to the late Patsy A. McLaughlin, who upon noticing the obscurity and lack of information for the name Pagurus bouvieri, suggested that it should be compared to Pagurus politus in order to clarify its identity. Indeed, her suspicion has proven correct. Many thanks are extended to my colleague D.L. Felder (University of Louisiana at Lafayette) for taking the time to take the excellent photographs of the MCZ specimens while on a research trip to that museum. Once again, I thank Rose A. Gulledge for her assistance, including taking my ink illustrations and preparing the digital versions of the figures.

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Edited by

Associate Editor:

Kareen Schnabel

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    21 Apr 2023
  • Date of issue
    2023

History

  • Received
    29 June 2022
  • Accepted
    21 Sept 2022
Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689 - Botucatu - SP - Brazil
E-mail: editor.nauplius@gmail.com