Effects of non-specific immunopotentiators in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection: II. Corynebacterium parvum

Teixeira, Kirte M; Coutinho, Eridan M; Abath, Frederico G.C.; Montenegro, Silvia M.L.

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651996000500007

Abstracts

The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on host protection, tissue reaction and "in vivo" chemotaxis in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were studied. The C. parvum was given intraperitoneally using a dose of 0.7 mg, twice a week (for 4 weeks), thirty days before (prophylactic treatment) or after infection (curative treatment). The host protection was evaluated through the recovery of adult worms by liver perfusion and was lower in the prophylactic group as compared to the control group (p = 0.018), resulting in 44% protection. The "in vivo" leukocyte response in both prophylactic and curative groups was higher as compared to the infected/non treated group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). Tissue reactions were described in the experimental and control groups, but there were not remarkable differences among them. The possible biological implications and relevance of the findings for the defensive response of the host and control of schistosomiasis are discussed.

Corynebacterium parvum; Schistosoma mansoni; Immunopotentiators; Chemotaxis

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos do Corynebacterium parvum na proteção do hospedeiro, reação tecidual e quimiotaxia "in vivo" em camundongos infectados pelo S. mansoni. O C. parvum foi dado intraperitonealmente usando uma dose de 0,7 mg, duas vezes por semana (durante 04 semanas), 30 dias antes (tratamento profilático) e 30 dias após a infecção (tratamento curativo). A proteção do hospedeiro foi avaliada através da contagem de vermes adultos obtidos através da perfusão hepática de camundongos infectados e esse número foi bem menor no grupo profilático comparado ao grupo controle (p = 0,018), obtendo-se 44% de proteção. A resposta quimiotática "in vivo", nos grupos curativo e profilático, foi maior do que no grupo infectado/não tratado (p = 0,009 e p = 0,003, respectivamente). As reações teciduais foram descritas em todos os grupos, embora não tenha ocorrido diferenças marcantes entre eles. As possíveis implicações biológicas e a relevância dos achados para a resposta defensiva do hospedeiro e controle da esquistossomose são discutidas neste trabalho.

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Effects of non-specific immunopotentiators in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection. II. Corynebacterium parvum

Efeitos de imunopotenciadores não específicos na infecção experimental pelo Schistosoma mansoni. II. Corynebacterium parvum

Kirte M. Teixeira^I; Eridan M. Coutinho^II; Frederico G.C. Abath^II; Silvia M.L. Montenegro^II

^IBolsista do CNPq do Departamento de Imunologia do Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brasil

^IICentro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães / FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brasil

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Dra. Silvia M.L. Montenegro Departamento de Imunologia, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brasil Fax: (081)453-1911

SUMMARY

The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on host protection, tissue reaction and "in vivo" chemotaxis in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were studied. The C. parvum was given intraperitoneally using a dose of 0.7 mg, twice a week (for 4 weeks), thirty days before (prophylactic treatment) or after infection (curative treatment). The host protection was evaluated through the recovery of adult worms by liver perfusion and was lower in the prophylactic group as compared to the control group (p = 0.018), resulting in 44% protection. The "in vivo" leukocyte response in both prophylactic and curative groups was higher as compared to the infected/non treated group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). Tissue reactions were described in the experimental and control groups, but there were not remarkable differences among them. The possible biological implications and relevance of the findings for the defensive response of the host and control of schistosomiasis are discussed.

Keywords:Corynebacterium parvum; Schistosoma mansoni; Immunopotentiators; Chemotaxis.

RESUMO

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos do Corynebacterium parvum na proteção do hospedeiro, reação tecidual e quimiotaxia "in vivo" em camundongos infectados pelo S. mansoni. O C. parvum foi dado intraperitonealmente usando uma dose de 0,7 mg, duas vezes por semana (durante 04 semanas), 30 dias antes (tratamento profilático) e 30 dias após a infecção (tratamento curativo).

A proteção do hospedeiro foi avaliada através da contagem de vermes adultos obtidos através da perfusão hepática de camundongos infectados e esse número foi bem menor no grupo profilático comparado ao grupo controle (p = 0,018), obtendo-se 44% de proteção. A resposta quimiotática "in vivo", nos grupos curativo e profilático, foi maior do que no grupo infectado/não tratado (p = 0,009 e p = 0,003, respectivamente). As reações teciduais foram descritas em todos os grupos, embora não tenha ocorrido diferenças marcantes entre eles.

As possíveis implicações biológicas e a relevância dos achados para a resposta defensiva do hospedeiro e controle da esquistossomose são discutidas neste trabalho.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful do Dr. Tetsuo Tashiro for statistical assistance and Dr. Clécio Santana for providing the Corynebacterium parvum.

This investigation received financial support from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia).

Recebido para publicação em 27/02/1996

Aceito para publicação em 17/10/1996

1. ABATH, F.G.C.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. & CARVALHO, A.B. - Modificaçăo da técnica da bolsa de ar para mensuraçăo da quimiotaxia "in vivo". Cięnc. e Cult., 38: 1410-1433, 1986.
2. ABATH, F.G.C.; COUTINHO, E.M.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L.; GOMES, Y.M. & CARVALHO, A.B. - The use of non-specific immunopotentiators in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 82: 73-76, 1988a.
3. ABATH, F.G.C.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. & CARVALHO, A.B. - In vivo leuckocyte chemotaxis during the development of acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection, Braz. J. med. biol. Res., 21: 1013-1014, 1988b.
4. BRENER, Z. & CARDOSO, J.E. - Nonspecific resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi enhanced by Corynebacteritan parvan. J. Parasit., 62: 645-646, 1976.
5. CAPRON, A. & LESOIN, M.A. - Role protecteur du B.C.G. dans la schistosomiase experinientale ŕ S. mansoni. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 269: 2110-2112, 1969.
6. DUNNE, D.W.; HAGAN, P. & ABATH, F.G.C. - Prospects for immunological control of schistosomiasis. Lancet, 345: 1488-1492, 1995.
7. FERLUGA, J.; SCHROLEMMER, H.U.; BAPTISTA, L.C. & ALLISON, A.C. - Production of the complement cleavage product, C3a, by activated macrophages and its tumorolytic effects. Clin. exp. Immunol., 31: 512-517, 1978.
8. GINSBERG,T. & GLASKY, A.J. - Inosiplex: an immunomodulation model for the treatment of viral diseases. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284: 128-138, 1977.
9. HADDEN, J.W.; LOPEZ, C.; O'REILLY, R.J. & HADDEN, E.M. - Levamisole and Inosiplex antiviral agents with immunopotentiating action. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284: 139-152, 1977.
10. HALPERN, B.N.; PREVOT, G.B.; STIFFEL, C. et al. - Stimulation de l'activité phagocytaire du systeme reticuloendothelial provoquée par Corynebacterium parvum. J. reticuloendoth. Soc, 1: 77-96, 1963.
11. HAMMERSTROM, J.; UNSGAARD, G. & LAMVIK, J. - Activation of human monocytes by mediators from lymphocytes stimulated with Corynebacterium parvum,. Acta path, microbiol. scand., 87: 167-175, 1979.
12. JAMES, S.L. & NACY, C. - Effector functions of activated macrophages against parasites. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 5: 518-525, 1993.
13. LAWMAN, M.J.P.; BOYLE, M.D.P.; GEE, A.P. & YOUNG, M. - A rapid technique for measuring leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo. J. immunol. Meth., 64: 197-219, 1984.
14. LEMOS NETTO, R.C.; MAGALHĂES, L.A. & PIEDRABUENA, A.E. - Alguns aspectos referentes no estudo de linhagens de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, provenientes dos estudos de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saúde públ. (S. Paulo), 12: 277-290, 1978.
15. LOPES, C.A.C. & SANTANA, C.F. - Estudo da açăo adjuvante imunológica do Corynebacterium parvum no tratamento de pacientes portadores de doenças infecciosas. Rev. Inst. Antibiot. (Recife), 18: 9-13, 1978.
16. MAHMOUD, A.A.F.; PETERS, P.A.S.; CIVIL, R.H. & REMINGTON, J.S. - In vitro killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by BCG and C. parvum-activated macrophages. J. Immunol., 122: 1655-1657, 1979.
17. MASIHI, K.N. - Citokynes and immunomodulators promising therapeulic agents. Parasit. today, 10: 1-2, 1994.
18. McBRIDE, W.H.; WEIR, D.M.; KAY, A.B.; PEARCE, D. & CALDWELL, J.R. - Activation of the classical and alternate pathways of complement by Corynehacterium parvum. Clin. exp. Immunol., 19: 143-147, 1975.
19. McINTOSH, L.C. & THOMSON, A.W. - Effects of soluble mediators generated during growth of the Landschutz ascites carcinoma on the chemotaxis of normal and Corynehacterium parvum-stimulated peritoneal leukocytes. Brit. J. exp. Path., 65: 441-451, 1984.
20. McLAREN. D.J. - Will the real target of immunity to schistosomiasis pease stand up. Parasit. today, 5: 279-282, 1989.
21. MONTENEGRO, S.M.L.; TEIXEIRA, K.M.; COUTINHO, E.M.; ABATH, F.G.C. & CARVALHO, A.B. - Efeitos de imunopotenciadores năo específicos na infecçăo experimental pelo Schistosoma mansoni. I. Levamisole. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 33: 69-73, 1991.
22. RENOUX, G. & RENOUX, M. - Modulation of immune reactivity by phenyl imidothiazole salts in mice immunized by sheep red blood cells. J. Immunol., 113: 779-790, 1974.
23. SAMPSON, D. & LUI, A. - The effect of levamisole on cell-mediated immunity and suppressor cell function. Cancer Res., 36: 952-955, 1976.
24. SANTOS da SILVA, C.; CARVALHO, E.A.; GONÇALVEZ, M.S. & BOROJEVIC, R. - Experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni; inhibition of neutrophil granulocyte inflammatory reaction. Braz. J. med. biol. Res., 21: 273-279, 1988.
25. SARCIRON, M.E.; WALBAUM, S. & PETAVY, A.E. - Effects of Isoprinosine on Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus metacestodes. Parasit. Res., 81: 329-333, 1995.
26. SMITHERS, R.S. & TERRY, R.J. - The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of the adult worms. Parasitology, 55: 695-700, 1965.
27. TEIXEIRA, K.M.; COUTINHO, A.D. & MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. - In vivo leukocyte chemotaxis in experimental mice Schistosoma mansoni infection. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 36: 283-285, 1994.
28. WYNN, T.A.; OSWALD, I.P.; ELTOUM, I.A. et al. - Elevated expression of Th 1 cytokines and nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of vaccinated mice after challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J. Immunol., 153: 5200-5209, 1994.
29. WOODRUFF, M.F.A. & INCHLEY, M.P. - Synergistic inhibition of mammary carcinoma transplants in A-strain mice by antitumor globulin and C. parvum. Brit. J. Cancer, 25: 584, 1971.
30. WOODRUFF, M.F.A.; INCHLEY, M.P. & DUNBAR. N. - Further observations on the effect of C. parvum and anti-tumor globulin on syngeneically mouse tumors. Brit. J. Cancer, 26: 67, 1972.
31. WOODRUFF, M.F.A.; McBRIDE, W.H. & DUNBAR, N. - Tumour growth, phagocytic activity and antibody response in Corynebacterium parvum treated mice. Clin. exp. Immunol., 17: 509-518, 1974.

Correspondence to:

Dra. Silvia M.L. Montenegro

Departamento de Imunologia, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ

Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n

Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brasil

Fax: (081)453-1911

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
22 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Oct 1996

History

Accepted
17 Oct 1996
Received
27 Feb 1996

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ABATH, F.G.C.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. & CARVALHO, A.B. - Modificaçăo da técnica da bolsa de ar para mensuraçăo da quimiotaxia "in vivo". Cięnc. e Cult., 38: 1410-1433, 1986.

[2] 2. ABATH, F.G.C.; COUTINHO, E.M.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L.; GOMES, Y.M. & CARVALHO, A.B. - The use of non-specific immunopotentiators in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 82: 73-76, 1988a.

[3] 3. ABATH, F.G.C.; MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. & CARVALHO, A.B. - In vivo leuckocyte chemotaxis during the development of acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection, Braz. J. med. biol. Res., 21: 1013-1014, 1988b.

[4] 4. BRENER, Z. & CARDOSO, J.E. - Nonspecific resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi enhanced by Corynebacteritan parvan. J. Parasit., 62: 645-646, 1976.

[5] 5. CAPRON, A. & LESOIN, M.A. - Role protecteur du B.C.G. dans la schistosomiase experinientale ŕ S. mansoni. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 269: 2110-2112, 1969.

[6] 6. DUNNE, D.W.; HAGAN, P. & ABATH, F.G.C. - Prospects for immunological control of schistosomiasis. Lancet, 345: 1488-1492, 1995.

[7] 7. FERLUGA, J.; SCHROLEMMER, H.U.; BAPTISTA, L.C. & ALLISON, A.C. - Production of the complement cleavage product, C3a, by activated macrophages and its tumorolytic effects. Clin. exp. Immunol., 31: 512-517, 1978.

[8] 8. GINSBERG,T. & GLASKY, A.J. - Inosiplex: an immunomodulation model for the treatment of viral diseases. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284: 128-138, 1977.

[9] 9. HADDEN, J.W.; LOPEZ, C.; O'REILLY, R.J. & HADDEN, E.M. - Levamisole and Inosiplex antiviral agents with immunopotentiating action. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284: 139-152, 1977.

[10] 10. HALPERN, B.N.; PREVOT, G.B.; STIFFEL, C. et al. - Stimulation de l'activité phagocytaire du systeme reticuloendothelial provoquée par Corynebacterium parvum. J. reticuloendoth. Soc, 1: 77-96, 1963.

[11] 11. HAMMERSTROM, J.; UNSGAARD, G. & LAMVIK, J. - Activation of human monocytes by mediators from lymphocytes stimulated with Corynebacterium parvum,. Acta path, microbiol. scand., 87: 167-175, 1979.

[12] 12. JAMES, S.L. & NACY, C. - Effector functions of activated macrophages against parasites. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 5: 518-525, 1993.

[13] 13. LAWMAN, M.J.P.; BOYLE, M.D.P.; GEE, A.P. & YOUNG, M. - A rapid technique for measuring leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo. J. immunol. Meth., 64: 197-219, 1984.

[14] 14. LEMOS NETTO, R.C.; MAGALHĂES, L.A. & PIEDRABUENA, A.E. - Alguns aspectos referentes no estudo de linhagens de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, provenientes dos estudos de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saúde públ. (S. Paulo), 12: 277-290, 1978.

[15] 15. LOPES, C.A.C. & SANTANA, C.F. - Estudo da açăo adjuvante imunológica do Corynebacterium parvum no tratamento de pacientes portadores de doenças infecciosas. Rev. Inst. Antibiot. (Recife), 18: 9-13, 1978.

[16] 16. MAHMOUD, A.A.F.; PETERS, P.A.S.; CIVIL, R.H. & REMINGTON, J.S. - In vitro killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by BCG and C. parvum-activated macrophages. J. Immunol., 122: 1655-1657, 1979.

[17] 17. MASIHI, K.N. - Citokynes and immunomodulators promising therapeulic agents. Parasit. today, 10: 1-2, 1994.

[18] 18. McBRIDE, W.H.; WEIR, D.M.; KAY, A.B.; PEARCE, D. & CALDWELL, J.R. - Activation of the classical and alternate pathways of complement by Corynehacterium parvum. Clin. exp. Immunol., 19: 143-147, 1975.

[19] 19. McINTOSH, L.C. & THOMSON, A.W. - Effects of soluble mediators generated during growth of the Landschutz ascites carcinoma on the chemotaxis of normal and Corynehacterium parvum-stimulated peritoneal leukocytes. Brit. J. exp. Path., 65: 441-451, 1984.

[20] 20. McLAREN. D.J. - Will the real target of immunity to schistosomiasis pease stand up. Parasit. today, 5: 279-282, 1989.

[21] 21. MONTENEGRO, S.M.L.; TEIXEIRA, K.M.; COUTINHO, E.M.; ABATH, F.G.C. & CARVALHO, A.B. - Efeitos de imunopotenciadores năo específicos na infecçăo experimental pelo Schistosoma mansoni. I. Levamisole. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 33: 69-73, 1991.

[22] 22. RENOUX, G. & RENOUX, M. - Modulation of immune reactivity by phenyl imidothiazole salts in mice immunized by sheep red blood cells. J. Immunol., 113: 779-790, 1974.

[23] 23. SAMPSON, D. & LUI, A. - The effect of levamisole on cell-mediated immunity and suppressor cell function. Cancer Res., 36: 952-955, 1976.

[24] 24. SANTOS da SILVA, C.; CARVALHO, E.A.; GONÇALVEZ, M.S. & BOROJEVIC, R. - Experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni; inhibition of neutrophil granulocyte inflammatory reaction. Braz. J. med. biol. Res., 21: 273-279, 1988.

[25] 25. SARCIRON, M.E.; WALBAUM, S. & PETAVY, A.E. - Effects of Isoprinosine on Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus metacestodes. Parasit. Res., 81: 329-333, 1995.

[26] 26. SMITHERS, R.S. & TERRY, R.J. - The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of the adult worms. Parasitology, 55: 695-700, 1965.

[27] 27. TEIXEIRA, K.M.; COUTINHO, A.D. & MONTENEGRO, S.M.L. - In vivo leukocyte chemotaxis in experimental mice Schistosoma mansoni infection. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 36: 283-285, 1994.

[28] 28. WYNN, T.A.; OSWALD, I.P.; ELTOUM, I.A. et al. - Elevated expression of Th 1 cytokines and nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of vaccinated mice after challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J. Immunol., 153: 5200-5209, 1994.

[29] 29. WOODRUFF, M.F.A. & INCHLEY, M.P. - Synergistic inhibition of mammary carcinoma transplants in A-strain mice by antitumor globulin and C. parvum. Brit. J. Cancer, 25: 584, 1971.

[30] 30. WOODRUFF, M.F.A.; INCHLEY, M.P. & DUNBAR. N. - Further observations on the effect of C. parvum and anti-tumor globulin on syngeneically mouse tumors. Brit. J. Cancer, 26: 67, 1972.

[31] 31. WOODRUFF, M.F.A.; McBRIDE, W.H. & DUNBAR, N. - Tumour growth, phagocytic activity and antibody response in Corynebacterium parvum treated mice. Clin. exp. Immunol., 17: 509-518, 1974.

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