Estudos sobre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro: VI Efeitos das deficiências de micronutrientes em Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo Novo cultivado em solução nutritiva

Malavolta, E.; Haag, H. P.; Johnson, C. M.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761961000100008

Resumo

Young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo Novo) were grown in nutrient solution purified from micronutrients contaminants by the method of MUNNS & JOHNSON (1960). All plants, except those in the control treatment, wer given all macronutrients and all micronutrients except one which was omitted in order to induce its shortage. Symptoms of deficiency were obtained for all known micronutrients but chlorine. Measurements, observations and chemical analysis of leaves allowed the following main conclusions to be drawn. 1. The relative influence of micronutrients in growth-measured by the fresh weight of the entire plant - was as follows: -Fe -Zn -Cu -Mo -Mn complete = -B = -CI. that is: the omission of iron from the nutrient solution caused the severest reduction in growth; lack of B and Cl had no effect. 2. Symptoms of deficiency of B, Fe, Mn, and Zn were found to be in good agreement with those in the literature. Effects of Cu and Mo shortage, however, had not been described so far: In the case of the Cu-deficient plants, the younger leaves were distorted, having an "S" shape, due probably to lack of growth of the veins; they lost their green color and developed rather large, necrotic patches near the margins. When molybdenum was omitted from the nutrient solution yellow spots develop near the margen of subterminal (fully mature) leaves; they became necrotic; there was a characteristic downward curling of the leaf blade along the mid rib so that the opposite edges touched each other underneath. 3. The levels of micronutrients found in normal and deficient leaves are given in Table 4. It is hoped that those values will serve as a basis of judgement of micronutrient contents found in leaves of field grown plants.

Estudos sobre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro. VI Efeitos das deficiências de micronutrientes em Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo Novo cultivado em solução nutritiva^* * Parte de um plano de trabalhos feitos com ajuda da Fundação Rockefeller, N. York, do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e do Instituto Brasileiro do Café.

E. Malavolta^I; H. P. Haag^I; C. M. Johnson^II

^IE. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz"

^IIDept. of Soils and Plant Nutrition University of California, Berakeley, California, U. S. A

SUMMARY

Young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo Novo) were grown in nutrient solution purified from micronutrients contaminants by the method of MUNNS & JOHNSON (1960). All plants, except those in the control treatment, wer given all macronutrients and all micronutrients except one which was omitted in order to induce its shortage. Symptoms of deficiency were obtained for all known micronutrients but chlorine. Measurements, observations and chemical analysis of leaves allowed the following main conclusions to be drawn.

1. The relative influence of micronutrients in growth-measured by the fresh weight of the entire plant - was as follows:

-Fe -Zn -Cu -Mo -Mn complete = -B = -CI.

that is: the omission of iron from the nutrient solution caused the severest reduction in growth; lack of B and Cl had no effect.

2. Symptoms of deficiency of B, Fe, Mn, and Zn were found to be in good agreement with those in the literature. Effects of Cu and Mo shortage, however, had not been described so far: In the case of the Cu-deficient plants, the younger leaves were distorted, having an "S" shape, due probably to lack of growth of the veins; they lost their green color and developed rather large, necrotic patches near the margins. When molybdenum was omitted from the nutrient solution yellow spots develop near the margen of subterminal (fully mature) leaves; they became necrotic; there was a characteristic downward curling of the leaf blade along the mid rib so that the opposite edges touched each other underneath.

3. The levels of micronutrients found in normal and deficient leaves are given in Table 4. It is hoped that those values will serve as a basis of judgement of micronutrient contents found in leaves of field grown plants.

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Um dos autores (E M.) agradece à Fundação Rockefeller, New York, U. S. A., pela concessão de uma bôlsa de estudos na Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley, junto à Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. Parte dêste trabalho foi realizada durante a vigência da mesma.

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 11/4/1961.

ARNON, D. C. & P. R. STOUT. 1939 Molybdenum as an essential element for higher plants. Plant Physiol. 14:599-602.
CIBES, H. & G. SAMUELS. 1955 Em "Mineral deficieny symptoms displayed by coffee trees grown under controlled conditions", Univ. of Puerto Rico Agric. Exp. Sta. Paper 14, 21 págs.
CULOT, J. P., A. V. WAMBECKE & J. CROEGAERT. 1958 Em "Contribution a 1'étude de deficiences minérales du caféier d'Arabie au Kivu", Publ. de l'lnst. Natl, pour l'Etude Agron. du Congo Beige, Ser. Scient. N.^u 73, 105 págs.
DROSDOFF, M. 1956 Problemas de suelo y nutrición mineral en la produción cafetera de Colombia Agric. Trop. 12:103-105.
FRANCO, C. M. & H. C MENDES. 1952 Sintomas de deficiências minerais no cafeeiro Boi. Super. Serv. Café 27:599-612.
FRANCO, C. M. & H. C MENDES. 1954 Deficiência de zinco em cafeeiro. Bol. Super. Srv. Café 29:34-39.
GONZALEZ, C A., J. PEREZ, J. EBGERT & H. HOPP. 1953 El abonamiento del cafeto. Suelo Tico 7:144-166.
HEWITT, E. J. 1956 Symptoms of molybdenum deficiency in plants. Sou Sci 81:159-171.
JOHNSON, C. M. & A. ULRICH 1959 Em "Analytical methods for use in plant analysis", Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta Bul. 766:26-78.
JONES, P. A., J. B.D. ROBINSON & J. A. N. WALLIS. 1960 Fertilizers, manure, and mulch in Kenya coffee growing. Emp. J. Expt Agric. 28:335-352.
LOUÉ, A. 1955 Em "Etudes sur nutrition minerale du caféier en côte d'lvoire", publ. pelo Gouvernement General de l'A. O. F.
LOUÉ, A. 1957 Em "Studies on the inorganic nutrition of the coffee tree in Ivory Coast", publ. pelo Intematl. Potash Institute, Brne, 68 págs.
MALAVOLTA, E. & L. C. B. DIAS. 1953 Não publicado.
MALAVOLTA, E. 1959 Em "Manual de Química Agrícola", Edit. Agron. "Ceres" Ltda.; São Paulo, Brasil.
MEDCALF, J. C. & W. L. LOTT. 1956 Em "Metal chelates in coffee", IBEC Res. Inst., Bul. 11, 19 págs.
MENARD, L. N. 1956 Em "Efeitos do fósforo c de alguns micronutrientes no crescimento e composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, K. M C.) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Tese (Piracicaba), 64 págs., mimeo.
MUNNS, D. N. & C M. JOHNSON. 1960 Removal of heavy metal and halide contamination from macronutrient salts. Plant Physiol 35:978-981.
MOWRY, H. 1953 Minor element deficiencies in coffee in Costa Rica. Foreign Agric. 17:93-96.
MÜLLER, L. E. 1959 Em "Algumas deficiencias minerales comunes em el cafeto (Coffea arabica L.)", Instit., Interam. Ciências Agric. (Turrialba, C. Rica) Bol. Tecn. 4, 41 págs.
PEREZ, S., V. M. 1957 Algumas deficiências minerales del cafeto en Costa Rica Min. de Agric. e Indus., Costa Rica, Inf. Tecn. n.° 2, 27 págs.
STEWART, I., & C. D. LEONARD. 1952 Molybdenum deficiency in Florida citrus. Nature 170:714-715.

*

Parte de um plano de trabalhos feitos com ajuda da Fundação Rockefeller, N. York, do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e do Instituto Brasileiro do Café.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Set 2012
Data do Fascículo
1961

Histórico

Recebido
11 Abr 1961

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ARNON, D. C. & P. R. STOUT. 1939 Molybdenum as an essential element for higher plants. Plant Physiol. 14:599-602.

[2] CIBES, H. & G. SAMUELS. 1955 Em "Mineral deficieny symptoms displayed by coffee trees grown under controlled conditions", Univ. of Puerto Rico Agric. Exp. Sta. Paper 14, 21 págs.

[3] CULOT, J. P., A. V. WAMBECKE & J. CROEGAERT. 1958 Em "Contribution a 1'étude de deficiences minérales du caféier d'Arabie au Kivu", Publ. de l'lnst. Natl, pour l'Etude Agron. du Congo Beige, Ser. Scient. N.^u 73, 105 págs.

[4] DROSDOFF, M. 1956 Problemas de suelo y nutrición mineral en la produción cafetera de Colombia Agric. Trop. 12:103-105.

[5] FRANCO, C. M. & H. C MENDES. 1952 Sintomas de deficiências minerais no cafeeiro Boi. Super. Serv. Café 27:599-612.

[6] FRANCO, C. M. & H. C MENDES. 1954 Deficiência de zinco em cafeeiro. Bol. Super. Srv. Café 29:34-39.

[7] GONZALEZ, C A., J. PEREZ, J. EBGERT & H. HOPP. 1953 El abonamiento del cafeto. Suelo Tico 7:144-166.

[8] HEWITT, E. J. 1956 Symptoms of molybdenum deficiency in plants. Sou Sci 81:159-171.

[9] JOHNSON, C. M. & A. ULRICH 1959 Em "Analytical methods for use in plant analysis", Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta Bul. 766:26-78.

[10] JONES, P. A., J. B.D. ROBINSON & J. A. N. WALLIS. 1960 Fertilizers, manure, and mulch in Kenya coffee growing. Emp. J. Expt Agric. 28:335-352.

[11] LOUÉ, A. 1955 Em "Etudes sur nutrition minerale du caféier en côte d'lvoire", publ. pelo Gouvernement General de l'A. O. F.

[12] LOUÉ, A. 1957 Em "Studies on the inorganic nutrition of the coffee tree in Ivory Coast", publ. pelo Intematl. Potash Institute, Brne, 68 págs.

[13] MALAVOLTA, E. & L. C. B. DIAS. 1953 Não publicado.

[14] MALAVOLTA, E. 1959 Em "Manual de Química Agrícola", Edit. Agron. "Ceres" Ltda.; São Paulo, Brasil.

[15] MEDCALF, J. C. & W. L. LOTT. 1956 Em "Metal chelates in coffee", IBEC Res. Inst., Bul. 11, 19 págs.

[16] MENARD, L. N. 1956 Em "Efeitos do fósforo c de alguns micronutrientes no crescimento e composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, K. M C.) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Tese (Piracicaba), 64 págs., mimeo.

[17] MUNNS, D. N. & C M. JOHNSON. 1960 Removal of heavy metal and halide contamination from macronutrient salts. Plant Physiol 35:978-981.

[18] MOWRY, H. 1953 Minor element deficiencies in coffee in Costa Rica. Foreign Agric. 17:93-96.

[19] MÜLLER, L. E. 1959 Em "Algumas deficiencias minerales comunes em el cafeto (Coffea arabica L.)", Instit., Interam. Ciências Agric. (Turrialba, C. Rica) Bol. Tecn. 4, 41 págs.

[20] PEREZ, S., V. M. 1957 Algumas deficiências minerales del cafeto en Costa Rica Min. de Agric. e Indus., Costa Rica, Inf. Tecn. n.° 2, 27 págs.

[21] STEWART, I., & C. D. LEONARD. 1952 Molybdenum deficiency in Florida citrus. Nature 170:714-715.