Efeitos da adubação nítrica e amoniacal no transporte de nitrato em solo cultivado com Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

Lima Filho, Sebastião Alves de; Neptune, André Martin Louis

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761982000200024

Resumos

Estudou-se, em condições de campo, o transporte de ions NO-3 e NH+4 em uma Terra Roxa Estruturada (TE) cultivada com Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., quando se forneceu diferentes doses de adubo nítrico e amoniacal. O solo foi amostrado em 4 profundidades (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80 cm), no final do ciclo vegetativo da cultura, determinando-se os teores de nitrato e amônio em cada profundidade estudada. Os teores de NO-3 aumentaram com o aumento da profundidade e das doses de N-NO-3/ha, principalmente nas doses mais altas (100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-N0-3). Os teores mais altos foram encontrados na profundidade de 60-80 cm sendo: 2,46; 3,72; 7,25 e 10,22 ppm de NO3, para as doses de 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-NO3, respectivamente. Os teores mais altos de NH+4 foram encontrados na profundidade de 0-20cm, sendo: 5,42; 7,75; 7,43 e 9,26 ppm de NH+4, para as doses de 50 , 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-NH+4, respectivaimente. Observou-se menor transporte de (NH+4) em relação ao (NO-3), mesmo quando o solo recebeu as mais altas doses (kg/ha) de N-NH+4.

The transport and the distribution of NO-3 and NH+4 ions were studied in a field with TE soil ("Terra Roxa Estruturada") when different doses of nitric and ammonium fertilizers were applied. The soil was sampled in 4 depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 6O-8O cm) and the concentrations of NO-3 ions were determined at each depth. NO-3 contents increased with the increase of soil depth and fertilization increased levels of N-NO-3/ha. The highest contents of NO-3 ion were found at 60-80 cm depth being 2.46; 3-72; 7.25 and 10.22 ppm for the fertilization of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg/ha of N-NO3, respectively. On the other hand, the highest contents of NH+4 ion were found in the soil at 0-20 cm depth. At this depth, 5.42; 7.75; 7.43 and 9.26 ppm of NH+4 were found respectively when N-NH+4 rates of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg/ha were applied. The "transport" of NH+4 ion was lesser than that of NO-3 ion even when the soil received high rates of N-NH+4.

Sebastião Alves de Lima Filho^I; André Martin Louis Neptune^II

^ICoordenadoria Regional Sul do IAA/Planalsucar, SP

^IIDepartamento de Solos, Geologia e Fertilizantes, E. S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

RESUMO

Estudou-se, em condições de campo, o transporte de ions NO^-₃ e NH⁺₄ em uma Terra Roxa Estruturada (TE) cultivada com Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., quando se forneceu diferentes doses de adubo nítrico e amoniacal.

O solo foi amostrado em 4 profundidades (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80 cm), no final do ciclo vegetativo da cultura, determinando-se os teores de nitrato e amônio em cada profundidade estudada.

Os teores de NO^-₃ aumentaram com o aumento da profundidade e das doses de N-NO^-₃/ha, principalmente nas doses mais altas (100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-N0^-₃). Os teores mais altos foram encontrados na profundidade de 60-80 cm sendo: 2,46; 3,72; 7,25 e 10,22 ppm de NO₃, para as doses de 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-NO₃, respectivamente.

Os teores mais altos de NH⁺₄foram encontrados na profundidade de 0-20cm, sendo: 5,42; 7,75; 7,43 e 9,26 ppm de NH⁺₄, para as doses de 50 , 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha de N-NH⁺₄, respectivaimente. Observou-se menor transporte de (NH⁺₄) em relação ao (NO^-₃), mesmo quando o solo recebeu as mais altas doses (kg/ha) de N-NH⁺₄.

SUMMARY

The transport and the distribution of NO^-₃ and NH⁺₄ ions were studied in a field with TE soil ("Terra Roxa Estruturada") when different doses of nitric and ammonium fertilizers were applied.

The soil was sampled in 4 depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 6O-8O cm) and the concentrations of NO^-₃ ions were determined at each depth.

NO^-₃ contents increased with the increase of soil depth and fertilization increased levels of N-NO^-₃/ha. The highest contents of NO^-₃ ion were found at 60-80 cm depth being 2.46; 3-72; 7.25 and 10.22 ppm for the fertilization of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg/ha of N-NO3, respectively.

On the other hand, the highest contents of NH⁺₄ ion were found in the soil at 0-20 cm depth. At this depth, 5.42; 7.75; 7.43 and 9.26 ppm of NH⁺₄ were found respectively when N-NH⁺₄ rates of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg/ha were applied.

The "transport" of NH⁺₄ ion was lesser than that of NO^-₃ ion even when the soil received high rates of N-NH⁺₄.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 30-12-1982.

AYRES, A.S.; HAGIHARA, H.H., 1963. A lisimeter study of losses of nitrogen and potassium. Hawaiian Plant. Rec. 56: 255-75.
BLACK, C.A., 1968. Soil plant relationships, 2 ed., New York, John Willey, 792p.
BREMNER, J.M., 1965. Total nitrogen. In: BLACK, C.A. Ed., Methods of soil analysis, Madison, American Soc. of Agronomy, pte. 2, p.1149-78.
DEVITT, D.; LETEY, J.; LUND, L.J.; BLAIR, J.W., 1976. Nitrate nitrogen movement through soil as affect by soil profile characteristics. J. Environ. Quality 5(3): 283-8.
EIRA, P.A. da; ALMEIDA, D.L. de; ALVAHYDO, R., 1968. Movimento do Ton nitrato, em solo da série Itaguaí, nas condições naturais de campo. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 3: 267 - 73.
GARDNER, W.R., 1965. Movement of nitrogen in soil. In: Soil nitrogen, cap. 15, p.555-72 (Agronomy, 10).
HALL, T.D., 1924. Nitrification in some South African Soil. Part II. Soil Sci. 18: 219-35.
HOYT, G.D.; McLEAN, E.O.; REDDY, G.Y.; LOGAN, T.J., 1977. Effects of soil, cover crop, and nutrient source on movement of soil, water, and nitrogen under simulated rainslope conditions. J. Environ. Qual. 6(3): 285-90.
KRANTZ, B.A.; OHLROGGE, A.J.; SCARSETH, G. D., 1944. Movement of nitrogen in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 8: 189-95.
LUND, L.J.; ADRIANO, D.C.; PRATT, P.F., 1974. Nitrate concentrations in deep soil cores as related to soil profile characteristics. J. Environ. Quality 3(1): 77-82.
PENMAN, H.L., 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy Soc. Série A, 193: 120-45.
PENMAN, H.L., 1956. Estimating evaporation. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 37: 43-6.
ROCHA LEAL, J.; ALVAHYDO, R., 1971. Transformação e deslocamento do íon amônio em solo da série Itaguaí. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., Série Agron., 6: 129-35.
SARAVIA, A.M.; NEPTUNE, A.M.L., 1976. Process of fixation, imobi1 ization and mineralization of ammonium in soil using N-15. An. Esc. Sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz" 33: 685-704.
SCARSBROOK, C.E., J 965. Nitrogen availability. In Soil Nitrogen, p. 486-501. (Agronomy, 10).
SCHREVEN, D.A. Van, 1970. Leaching losses of nitrogen and potassium in polders reclaimed from Lake ljssel. Plant and Soil 33: 629-43.
SMITH, J.B., 1928. Distribution of nitrates in three layers of fallow soil. Soil Sci. 26: 347-50.
WAGNER, G.H., 1965. Changes in nitrate nitrogen in field plot profiles as measured by the porous cup tecnique. Soil Sci. 100: 397-402.
WETSELAAR, R., 1962. Nitrate distribut ion in tropical soils. III. Downward movement and acumulation of nitrate in the subsoil. Plant and Soil 16: 19-31.

**Efeitos da adubação nítrica e amoniacal no transporte de nitrato em solo cultivado com Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp**

Effects of nitric and ammonium fertilizers on the transport of NO^-₃ and NH⁺₄ in a field grown with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
09 Abr 2012
Data do Fascículo
1982

Histórico

Recebido
30 Dez 1982

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AYRES, A.S.; HAGIHARA, H.H., 1963. A lisimeter study of losses of nitrogen and potassium. Hawaiian Plant. Rec. 56: 255-75.

[2] BLACK, C.A., 1968. Soil plant relationships, 2 ed., New York, John Willey, 792p.

[3] BREMNER, J.M., 1965. Total nitrogen. In: BLACK, C.A. Ed., Methods of soil analysis, Madison, American Soc. of Agronomy, pte. 2, p.1149-78.

[4] DEVITT, D.; LETEY, J.; LUND, L.J.; BLAIR, J.W., 1976. Nitrate nitrogen movement through soil as affect by soil profile characteristics. J. Environ. Quality 5(3): 283-8.

[5] EIRA, P.A. da; ALMEIDA, D.L. de; ALVAHYDO, R., 1968. Movimento do Ton nitrato, em solo da série Itaguaí, nas condições naturais de campo. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 3: 267 - 73.

[6] GARDNER, W.R., 1965. Movement of nitrogen in soil. In: Soil nitrogen, cap. 15, p.555-72 (Agronomy, 10).

[7] HALL, T.D., 1924. Nitrification in some South African Soil. Part II. Soil Sci. 18: 219-35.

[8] HOYT, G.D.; McLEAN, E.O.; REDDY, G.Y.; LOGAN, T.J., 1977. Effects of soil, cover crop, and nutrient source on movement of soil, water, and nitrogen under simulated rainslope conditions. J. Environ. Qual. 6(3): 285-90.

[9] KRANTZ, B.A.; OHLROGGE, A.J.; SCARSETH, G. D., 1944. Movement of nitrogen in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 8: 189-95.

[10] LUND, L.J.; ADRIANO, D.C.; PRATT, P.F., 1974. Nitrate concentrations in deep soil cores as related to soil profile characteristics. J. Environ. Quality 3(1): 77-82.

[11] PENMAN, H.L., 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy Soc. Série A, 193: 120-45.

[12] PENMAN, H.L., 1956. Estimating evaporation. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 37: 43-6.

[13] ROCHA LEAL, J.; ALVAHYDO, R., 1971. Transformação e deslocamento do íon amônio em solo da série Itaguaí. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., Série Agron., 6: 129-35.

[14] SARAVIA, A.M.; NEPTUNE, A.M.L., 1976. Process of fixation, imobi1 ization and mineralization of ammonium in soil using N-15. An. Esc. Sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz" 33: 685-704.

[15] SCARSBROOK, C.E., J 965. Nitrogen availability. In Soil Nitrogen, p. 486-501. (Agronomy, 10).

[16] SCHREVEN, D.A. Van, 1970. Leaching losses of nitrogen and potassium in polders reclaimed from Lake ljssel. Plant and Soil 33: 629-43.

[17] SMITH, J.B., 1928. Distribution of nitrates in three layers of fallow soil. Soil Sci. 26: 347-50.

[18] WAGNER, G.H., 1965. Changes in nitrate nitrogen in field plot profiles as measured by the porous cup tecnique. Soil Sci. 100: 397-402.

[19] WETSELAAR, R., 1962. Nitrate distribut ion in tropical soils. III. Downward movement and acumulation of nitrate in the subsoil. Plant and Soil 16: 19-31.

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