Organotin pollution from pleasure craft at Paraty, a tourist area of Southeastern Brazil: amelioration or interference?

Borges, Camila de Leon Lousada; Fernandez, Marcos Antonio dos Santos; Castro, Ítalo Braga; Fillmann, Gilberto

Abstracts

Some organotin compounds, such as TBT, are endocrine disruptors and harm marine ecosystems. Even after the global ban on organotins, increasing imposex levels have been detected in Stramonita haemastoma analyzed in 2004 and 2011 in some locations at Paraty, a tourist area in southeastern Brazil. The results of this study indicate that particulate and dissolved organic carbon and xenoestrogens might be interfering in this syndrome's development, leading to underestimation of imposex evaluation. Chemical analysis of three mangrove swamp sediments in the area showed the presence of TBT (16.0 - 205.7 ng Sn g-1), DBT (10.1 - 16.4 ng Sn g-1) and MBT (10.1 - 10.2 ng Sn g-1) even at the reference sites. The concentrations of butyltins and the increased incidence of imposexat some stations indicate recent inputs of TBT in the study area due to its illegal use on small vessels.

Butyltins; Imposex; Stramonita haemastoma; Mangrove; Southeastern Brazilian coast; Temporal evolution

Alguns compostos organoestânicos, como o TBT, são desreguladores endócrinos e causam danos aos ecossistemas marinhos. Mesmo após a proibição global de organoestânicos, níveis crescentes de imposex foram detectados em indivíduos Stramonita haemastoma analisados em 2004 e 2011, em Paraty, área turística no sudeste do Brasil. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que partículas e carbono orgânico dissolvido e xenoestrógenos podem estar interferindo no desenvolvimento dessa síndrome, levando à subestimação de avaliação do imposex. A análise química de três sedimentos de mangue na área mostrou a presença de TBT (16,0-205,7 ng Sn g-1), DBT (10,1-16,4 ng Sn g-1) e MBT (10,1-10,2 ng Sn g-1), mesmo nos locais de referência. As concentrações de butilestânicos e o aumento da incidência de imposex em algumas estações indicam entradas recentes de TBT na área estudada devido ao uso ilegal em pequenas embarcações.

Butilestânicos; Stramonita haemastoma; Mangue; Costa Sudeste do Brasil; Evolução temporal

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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
14 Nov 2013
Date of issue
Sept 2013

History

Received
26 Sept 2012
Accepted
27 Aug 2013
Reviewed
18 Aug 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ANTIZAR-LADISLAO, B. Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment: a review. Environ. Int., v. 34, n. 2, p. 292-308, 2008.

[2] BIGATTI, G.; PRIMOST M. A.; CLEDÓN, M.; AVERBUJ, A.; THEOBALD, N.; GERWINSKI, W.; ARNTZ, W.; MORRICONI, E.; PENCHASZADEH, P. E. Biomonitoring of TBT contamination and imposex incidence along 4700 km of Argentinean shoreline (SW Atlantic: from 38S to 54S). Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 58, n. 5, p. 695-701, 2009.

[3] BIRCHENOUGH, A. C.; EVANS, S. M.; MOSS, C.; WELCH, R. Re-colonisation and recovery of populations of dogwhelks Nucella lapillus (L.) on shores formerly subject to severe TBT contamination. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 44, n. 7, p. 652–659, 2002.

[4] BORNMAN, M. S.; BARNHOORN, I. E. J.; DE JAGER, C.; VEERAMACHANENI, D. N. R. Testicular microlithiasis and neoplastic lesions in wild eland (Tragelaphus oryx): possible effects of exposure to environmental pollutants? Environ. Res, v. 110, n. 4, p. 327-333, 2010.

[5] MARINHA DO BRASIL. Diretoria de Portos e Costas. Normas da autoridade marítima para o controle de sistemas antiincrustantes danosos em embarcações: NORMAM-D23DPC: portaria n.76/DPC, de 30 de julho de 2007. Disponível em: https://www.dpc.mar.mil.br/normam/N23/normam23.pdf Acesso em: 04 abr, 2011.

[6] CASTRO, I. B.; ARROYO, M. F.; COSTA, P. G.; FILLMANN. G. Butyltin compounds and imposex levels in Ecuador. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, v. 62, n. 1, p. 68-77, 2012a.

[7] CASTRO, I. B.; PERINA, F. C.; FILLMANN, G. Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas. Environ. Monit. Assess, v. 184, n. 3, p. 1781-1799, 2012b.

[8] CASTRO, I. B.; ROCHA-BARREIRA, C. A.; FERNANDEZ, M. A.; BIGATTI, G. Transplant bioassay induces different imposex responses in two species of the genus Stramonita. Mar. Biol. Res, v. 8, n. 4, p. 331-338, 2012c.

[9] CHIEN, L. C.; HUNG, T. C.; CHAOANG, K. Y.; YEH, C. Y.; MENG, P. J.; SHIEH, M. J.; HÁ, B. C. Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd e As for fishermen in Taiwan. Sci. Total Environ., v. 285, n. 1/3, p. 117-185, 2002.

[10] CROTHERS, J. H. Further observations on a population of dog-whelks, Nucella lapillus (Gastropoda) recolonizing a site following amelioration of tributyltin (TBT) pollution. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., v. 83, n. 5, p. 1023-1027, 2003.

[11] DESFORGES, J. P. W.; PEACHEY, B. D. L.; SANDERSON, P. M.; WHITE, P. A.; BLAIS, J. M. Plasma vitellogenin in male teleost fish from 43 rivers worldwide is correlated with upstream human population size. Environ. Pollut, v. 158, n. 10, p. 3279–3284, 2010.

[12] FERNANDEZ, M. A.; PINHEIRO, F. M. New approaches for monitoring the marine environment: the case of antifouling paints. International Journal of Environment and Health, v.1, n.3, p.427-448, 2007.

[13] FERNANDEZ, M. A.; PINHEIRO, F. M.; QUADROS, J. P.; CAMILLO Jr., E. An easy, non-destructive, probabilistic method to evaluate the imposex response of gastropod populations. Mar. Environ. Res, v. 63, n. 1, p. 41-54, 2007.

[14] FERNANDEZ, M. A.; LIMAVERDE, A. M.; SCOFIELD, A. L.; WAGENER, A. L. R. Preliminary evaluation of human health risks from ingestion of organotin contaminated seafood in Brazil. Braz. J. Oceanogr, v. 53, n. 1/2, p. 75-77, 2005a.

[15] FERNANDEZ, M. A.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; LIMAVERDE, A. M.; SCOFIELD, A. L.; PINHEIRO, F. M.; RODRIGUES, E. Imposex and surface sediment speciation: a combined approach to evaluate organotin contamination in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mar. Environ. Res., v. 59, n. 5, p. 435–452, 2005b.

[16] FERREIRA, F.; SANTOS, M. M.; CASTRO, L. F.; REIS-HENRIQUES, M. A.; LIMA, D.; VIEIRA, M. N.; MONTEIRO, N. M. Vitellogenin gene expression in the intertidal blenny Lipophrys pholis: a new sentinel species for estrogenic chemical pollution monitoring in the European Atlantic coast? Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part C: Toxicol. Pharmacol., v. 149, n. 1, p. 58–64, 2009.

[17] FURDEK, M.; VAHČIČ, M.; ČANČAR, J.; MILAČIČ, R.; KNIEWALD, G.; MIKAC, N. Organotin compounds in seawater and Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels along the Croatian Adriatic Coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 64, n. 2, p. 189-199, 2012.

[18] GALANTE-OLIVEIRA, S.; OLIVEIRA, I.; JONKERS, N.; LANGSTON, W. J.; PACHECO, M.; BARROSO, C. M. Imposex levels and tributyltin pollution in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal) between 1997 and 2007: evaluation of legislation effectiveness. J. Environ. Monit, v. 11, n. 7, p. 1405-1411, 2009.

[19] GARG, A.; MEENA, R. M.; JADHAV, S.; BHOSLE, N. B. Distribution of butyltins in the waters and sediments along the coast of India. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 62, n. 2, p. 423–431, 2011.

[20] HAYES, T. B.; KHOURY, V.; NARAYAN, A.; NAZIR, M.; PARK, A.; BROWN, T.; ADAME, L.; CHAN, E.; BUCHHOLZ, D.; STUEVE, T.; GALLIPEAU, S. Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., v. 107, n. 10, p. 4612-4617, 2010.

[21] HOCH, M. Organotin compounds in the environment an overview. Appl. Geochem., v. 16, n. 7/8, p. 719–743, 2001.

[22] IBGE. Censo da população do município de Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm Acesso em: 10 dez. 2011.
» link

[23] IMO. Conventions. List of Conventions. International Convention on the Control of Harmful Antifouling Systems on Ships. 2001. Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-on-the-Control-of-Harmful-Anti-fouling-Systems-on-Ships-(AFS).aspx Acesso em: 7 jun. 2011.
» link

[24] IUPAC. Pure and Applied Chemistry., v. 74, p. 2169–2200, 2002.

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