Abstract
Identifying previous research subjects on innovation management in air transport provides not only updated references on new technologies in this industry, but also indicates which areas need to be prioritized in future research. A systematic literature review of publications in this field over the past decade, from 2005 to 2015, including 2016 publications in progress, was carried out, adopting as a control document the proceedings from the 19th ATRS World Conference, held in Singapore in 2015. The searches were done on ScienceDirect and included reports from over 2,500 journals. The abstracts, titles, and keywords were considered, and Boolean connectors were used. The term “innovation” was combined with at least one of eight different strings: air* (e.g., airport, airline, and aircraft), flight, transport, aviation, carrier, lcc, fsc and seat, which were identified as the terms with the highest frequency of incidence in the 129 files in the control document. From the 731 articles identified and analyzed, 92 were considered as directly related to innovation management in air transport. The results showed that the areas with a higher incidence of studies were the aircraft industry (energy efficiency, industrial process, and noise and pollutant emission reduction), airlines (business model, IT and planning and management), policies (sustainable transport, incentive mechanisms and societal aspirations), and airport (services, security, self-financing and air traffic control and projects). From this review, it was determined that, in addition to the limited studies on this subject, there is also a lack of research on innovations in airport structure, such as runway pavements and the optimization of airport sites, as well as on new forms of disposal of wastes generated during the flight, crew training and integrated innovation planning in the sector. These can direct future studies on the subject in the four application areas identified and promote the development of an integrated innovation system in air transport management.
Keywords
Air Transport; Bibliographic Literature Review; Innovation Management
Introduction
When it comes to air transport competitiveness, there is no denying their association with the management of innovation, for both manufacturing and service companies must constantly seek innovation of its products, services and processes (Utterback, 1996Utterback, James M., 1996. Mastering the dynamics of innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.). In this sense, based on a systematic literature review, this study aims to identify what the recent literature considers as innovation in the air transport sector.
Research procedure
To identify previous topics in the literature on innovation in air transport, a systematic review of reports published in the last 10 years (from 2005 to 2015, including 2016 publications in progress) was carried out. The search used as a control document the proceedings from the 19th ATRS World Conference, held in Singapore in 2015, which includes 129 papers. The main strings were collected based on the frequency of incidence of the search terms, as shown in Fig. 1.
After the identification of the main terms related to air transport in the ATRS 2015 Conference proceedings, the search was carried out on the ScienceDirect database, which includes reports from over 2,500 journals. The abstracts, titles, and keywords were considered, and Boolean connectors were used. The term “innovation” was combined with at least one of eight different strings: air* (e.g., airport, airline, and aircraft), flight, transport, aviation, carrier, lcc, fsc and seat, which were identified as the terms with the highest frequency of incidence in the control document.
The ScienceDirect database includes journals from different fields of study: agricultural and biological sciences, arts and humanities, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, business, management and accounting, chemical engineering, chemistry, computer science, decision sciences, design, earth and planetary sciences, economics, econometrics and finance, energy, engineering, environmental science, immunology and microbiology, linguistics, materials science, mathematics, medicine and dentistry, neuroscience, nursing and health professions, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutical science, philosophy, physics and astronomy, psychology, social sciences, sports and recreation, and veterinary science and veterinary medicine.
Of the 731 articles identified and analyzed, 639 were discarded as they deal directly from the air transport issue, because a lot of them treated on air conditioning, other modes of transport, etc. The remaining 92 articles, which were directly related to innovation management in air transport, were thoroughly analyzed with an interpretive approach and described in this study. For this purpose, the method of content analysis was applied (Krippendord, 2004Krippendord, K., 2004. Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications, Inc.).
Results
The results showed that the areas with a higher incidence of studies on innovation in air transport were the aircraft industry (energy efficiency, industrial process, and noise and pollutant emission reduction), airlines (business model, IT, and planning and management), policies (sustainable transport, incentive mechanisms, and societal aspirations), and airports (security, self-financing, and air traffic control and projects). These were identified as the four application areas of study in air transport innovation. Table 1 presents these four areas according to their frequency of occurrence in the analyzed articles.
As shown in Table 1, the area with the highest prevalence of studies is the aircraft industry, which accounts for about 40% of the articles; the area with the least occurrence of studies is airports, with nearly 10% of the articles. This indicates that airports receive the least attention when it comes to air transport innovation. Table 2 presents a summary of the authors, journals, application areas, and focuses of innovation.
Note in Table 2 that each of the areas has the prevalence studies in particular subject. In the aircraft industry, the focus is on developing materials for building lighter and resistant structures, leading to reduced fuel consumption. In airlines, studies are directed toward the development of new business models to ensure the longevity of companies. Researches on airports look into the provision of quality services to passengers. Finally, in the area of policies, several studies focus on identifying instruments that could decrease emissions and increase energy efficiency in the sector.
Some specific studies presented in Table 2 draw attention to particular innovative practices. Chen (2009Chen, Z., 2009. A brief history of China’s Y-10: Imitation versus innovation. Technology in Society 31, 414-418. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.10.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.1...
) compared aircraft imitation and innovation practices between the YUN-10 (Y-10), a large airplane developed in China, and the Boeing 707-020. Addressing a current concern, Chèze, Gastineau and Chevallier (2011Chèze, B., Gastineau, P., Chevallier, J., 2011. Air traffic energy efficiency differs from place to place: New results from a macro-level approach. International Economics 126-127, 151-177. doi:10.1016/S2110-7017(13)60041-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2110-7017(13)60...
) presented some of the most energy-efficient aircraft in terms of jet fuel consumption, ASK and RPK, as well as the geographic areas with high energy efficiency.
Innovation system in air transport management
The review of previous studies, which considered the number of studies on each area out of the 92 studies identified, resulted in the identification of four main application areas for a proposed innovation system in air transport management, as shown in Fig. 2.
Figure 2 presents the innovation policies, in particular for the aircraft industry, airlines, and airports. The data indicate that there is a gap in innovation in this sector, specifically in the development of new products. For example, the aircraft industry should consider not only the demands of airlines or consumers but also the airport limitations, and vice versa. Note that some large aircraft, such as the A380 or the Boeing 747, cannot operate in most regional airports in the world. Given these considerations, it is necessary to take into account the best practices in other application areas in developing new products, services or processes.
Final considerations
This study identified the main application areas of studies on innovation in air transport. Further, this research found that, in addition to the limited studies on this topic, there is also a lack of studies on innovations in airport structure, such as runway pavements and the optimization of airport sites, as well as on new forms of disposal of wastes generated during the flight, crew training and integrated innovation planning in the sector. These findings can direct future studies on the subject and promote the development of an integrated framework for a management system in air transport innovation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and The State of Goiás Research Foundation (FAPEG).
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*
An Extended Abstract of this initial study was presented at 20 th ATRS Conference, held by Air Transport Research Society in Rhodes, Greece, June 23 - 26, 2016.
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
02 Dec 2019 -
Date of issue
2019
History
-
Received
08 Jan 2018 -
Accepted
12 Nov 2019
