Fenótipo da gordura, fatores associados e o polimorfismo rs9939609 do gene FTO

Fat phenotype, associated factors and rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene

ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

Fenótipo da gordura, fatores associados e o polimorfismo rs9939609 do gene FTO

Fat phenotype, associated factors and rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene

William Alves Lima^I; Maria Fátima Glaner^I; Aline Pic Taylor^II

^IUniversidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília – DF, Brasil

^IIUniversidade de Brasília, Brasília – DF, Brasil

^{Correspondencia para}

RESUMO

O propósito deste foi sintetizar os principais resultados de estudos que analisaram a relação do polimorfismo de nucleotídeo simples (SNP) rs9939609 do gene FTO (fat mass and obesity associated), com a manifestação de sobrepeso / obesidade e suas co-morbidades e discutir a interação deste polimorfismo com os demais fatores promotores da obesidade. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Highwire, Science Direct e SciELO, usando as palavras-chave: FTO rs9939609, obesity genetic, gene associated obesity, FTO contributes obesity. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais que envolveram seres humanos e que incluíram o rs9939609. Foram excluídos os artigos que analisaram o gene FTO em grupos com doenças hormonais pré-instaladas. Dos vários SNPs contidos no gene FTO, o rs9939609 tem sido o mais pesquisado. Este SNP é composto pelos alelos A e T, sendo os homozigotos A os mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de sobrepeso / obesidade em todas as idades, principalmente, em populações caucasianas. Nessa situação, o controle dos fatores ambientais (alimentação e atividade física) pode prevenir o acúmulo excessivo de gordura. A obesidade está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Foram observadas associações do rs9939609 com o perfil lipídico sanguíneo e a glicemia. A prática de exercícios físicos e a alimentação parecem ser os principais influenciadores no desenvolvimento do sobrepeso / obesidade e na instalação das co-morbidades associadas.

Palavras-chave: Obesidade; Sobrepeso; Estilo de vida; Co-morbidade; Genética

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to review the main results of studies that have analysed the relationship between the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the FTO gene and the manifestation of overweight/obesity with its associated co-morbidity, and to discuss the interaction of this polymorphism with the other factors which cause obesity. The search was performed using the MEDLINE, Highwire, Science Direct and SciELO databases, applying the following key words: FTO rs9939609, obesity genetic, gene associated obesity, FTO contributes obesity. Inclusion criteria were: original articles where the search was performed in humans and including the rs9939609. Articles that analysed the FTO gene associated with pre-installed hormonal diseases were excluded. Of the several SNP associated with the FTO gene, rs9939609 has been the most researched (studied). This SNP comprises the A and T alleles, with the A homozygote being most susceptible to the development of overweight/obesity in all age ranges, especially in the caucasian population. In this situation, the control of environmental factors (alimentation and physical activity) can prevent the excessive build up of fats. Obesity is related to the development of non-transmissible chronic illnesses. Association of rs9939609 polymorphism with the lipidic profile and glycemia were observed. The practicing of physical exercise and feeding habits seem to be the main contributors in the development of overweight/obesity and its resulting co-morbidity.

Keywords: Obesity; Overweight; Life Style; Co-Morbidity; Genetic

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AGRADECIMENTO

Os autores agradecem ao apoio do CNPq – processo n^o. 481859/2007

National Center for Biotechnology Information/NCBI. Fat mass and obesity associated: United States. 2009; Available from: <http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?search=24678&id=24678&id_type=hgnc&snp=2348#snp> [2009 Oct 22].

Endereço para correspondência:

Recebido em 11/09/09

Aprovado em 11/12/09

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Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  09 Out 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  Abr 2010

Histórico

• Aceito
  11 Dez 2009
• Recebido
  11 Set 2009