DISTRIBUCIÓN DE RAÍCES FINAS DE <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> ssp. <i>maidenii</i> Y SU RELACIÓN CON ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES DEL SUELO

Gaitán, Juan José; Penón, Eduardo Augusto; Costa, María Cristina

doi:10.5902/198050981822

RESUMEN

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la distribución vertical de la densidad de raíces finas (hasta 2 mm de diámetro) de Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maidenii y su relación con algunas propiedades del suelo hasta una profundidad de 0,5 m. Las raíces fueron muestreadas en la zona cercana el tronco de 10 árboles, utilizando el método del cilindro. La distribución de raíces finas fue influenciada por las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo. La mayor densidad de raíces finas (DRF) fue hallada en los primeros 20 cm del suelo, mientras que la menor DRF fue observada en el horizonte arcilloso. DRF se correlacionó positivamente con el contenido de carbono orgánico y fósforo extractable y negativamente con la densidad aparente del suelo.

Palabras clave:
raíces finas; Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maidenii; propiedades edáficas.

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to determine the vertical distribution of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maidenii fine root (with diameters of up to 2 mm) density to a depth of 0,5 m and their relationships with soil properties. Roots were sampled near the stem of 10 trees with the soil corer method. Fine root distribution is influenced by soil physical and chemical properties. A very high density of fine roots was found at 20 cm depht, while a low density was observed in the clayey horizon. Fine root density (DRF) correlated positively with organic C and extractable P and negatively with soil bulk density.

Key words:
fine root; Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maidenii; soil properties.

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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

ARES, A.; PEINEMANN. N. Fine-root distribution of coniferous plantations in relation to site in southern Buenos Aires, Argentina . Can. J. For. Res., v.22, p.1575-1582, 1992.
BAKER, T.T.; CONNER, W.H.; LOCKABY, B.G.; STANTURF, J.A.; BURKE, M.K. Fine root productivity and dynamics on a forested floodplain in south Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., v.65, p.545-556, 2001.
BARBER, S. A diffusion and mass-flow concept of soil nutrient availability. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J ., v.93, p. 39-49, 1962.
BARLEY, K.P. The configuration of the root system in relation to nutrient uptake. Adv. Agron., v. 22, p.159-201, 1970.
BENGOUGH, A.G.; CROSER, C.; PRITCHARD, J. A Biophysical analysis of root growth under mechanical stress. Plant and Soil, v.189, p.155-164, 1997.
BILBROUGH, C.J.; CALDWELL, M.M. The effects of shading and N status on root proliferation in nutrient patches by the perennial grass Agropyron desertorum in the field. Oecologia, v.103, p.10-16, 1995.
BOWEN, H. Alleviating mechanical impedance. In: ARKIN, C.E. ; TAYLOR, H.M. (Ed.). Taylor modifying the root environment to reduce crop stress. 1981. (Am. Soc. Agr. Eng. Monogr.,4)
BOWEN, G.D. Roots as a component of tree productivity. In : CANNELL, M. G. R.; JACKSON , J.E. (Ed.). Attributes of trees as crop plants. Huntingdon : Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, 1984. p 303-315.
BREJDA, J.J.; KARLEN, D.L.; SMITH, J.L.; ALLAN, D.L. Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators: II. Northern Mississippi loess Hills and Palouse Prairie. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., v.64, p.2125-2135, 2000.
CARBON, B.A.; BARTLE, G.A.; MURRAY, A.M.; MACPHERSON, D.K. The distribution of root length and the limits to flow of soil water to roots in a dry sclerophyll forest. Forest Science, v.26, p.656-664, 1980.
COZZO, D. Tecnología de la forestación en Argentina y América Latina. Ed. Hemisferio Sur, 1976.
CRICK, J.C.; GRIME, J.P. Morphological plasticity and mineral nutrient capture in two herbaceous species of contrasted ecology. New Phytol., v.107, p.403-414, 1987.
CURT, T.; LUCOT, E.; BOUCHAUD, M. Douglas-fir biomass and rooting profile in relation to soils in a mid-elevation area (Beaujolais, France). Plant and Soil ., v.233, p.109-125, 2001.
DADDOW, R.L.; WARRINGTON, G.E. Growth limiting soil bulk densities as influenced by soil texture. 1983. (WSDG Report. WSDG-TN 00005).
DAVIS, G.R.; NEILSEN, W.A.; MCDAVITT, J.G. Root distribution of Pinus radiata related to soil characteritics in five tasmanian soils. Aust. J. Soil. Res. ,v.121, p.165-171. 1983.
DONOSO, S.; OBISPO, A.; SANCHEZ, C.; RUIZ, C.; HERRERA, M.A. Efecto del laboreo sobre la biomasa de Eucalyptus globulus en el suroeste de España. Invest. Agr. : Sist. Recur. For., v.8, n.2, p.377-386, 1999.
DROOGERS, P.; VAN DER MEER, F.B.W.; BOUMA, J. Water accessibility to plant roots in different soil structures accurring in the same soil type. Plant and Soil ., v.188, p.83-91, 1997.
ECHEVERRIA, H.E.; SAN MARTÍN, N.F.; BERGONZI, R. Mineralización de azufre y su relación con la de nitrógeno en suelos agrícolas. Ciencia del Suelo., v.14, n.2, p.107-109, 1996.
EISSENSTAT, D.; VAN REES, K.C.J. The growth and function of pine roots. Ecological Bulletins, v. 43, p.76-91, 1994.
FABIAO, A.;MADEIRA,M.; STEEN,E.; KÄTTERER,T.;RIBEIRO, C. Growth dynamic and spatial distribution of root mass in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal. In: PEREIRA,J.S.;PEREIRA, H.(Ed). Eucalyptus for biomass production: the state of the art. Brussels : CEC, 1994. p.60-76.
GIUFFRE, L.;ZUBILLAGA,M.S.;HEREDIA,O.S.;MISSART, F.Mineralización de fósforo en molisoles pampeanos. Ciencia del Suelo , v.16, p. 99-102, 1998.
JACKSON, R.B.;CALDWELL,M.M. The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three cold-desert perennials. Oecologia, v.81, p.149-153, 1989.
JACKSON, R.B.;CALDWELL,M.M. The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics. Ecology, v.74, p.612-614, 1993.
JOBBÁGY, E.G.;JACKSON,R.B. The distribution of soil nutrients with depth: Global patterns and the imprint of plants. Biogeochemistry, v.53, p.51-77, 2001.
KOTLIAR, N.B.;WIENS,J.A. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos, v.59, p.253-260, 1990.
LYNCH, J.P.;BROWN,K.M. Topsoil foraging - an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability. Plant and Soil, v.237, p.225-237, 2001.
MAKKONEN K.,HELMISAARIH. Seasonal and yearly variations of fine-root biomass and necromass in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand.Forest Ecologyand Manangement, v. 102, p.283-290, 1998
MISRA, R.K.;ALSTON,A.M.;DEXTER,A.R. Root growth and phosphorus uptake in relation to the size and strength of soil aggregates. I. Experimental studies. Soil Till. Res, v.11, p.103-116, 1988.
MOIR, W.H.,BACHELARD,E.P. Distribution of fine roots in three pinus radiata plantations near Canberra, Australia. Ecology, v.50, n.4, p.658-662, 1969.
NAMBIAR, E.K. Interplay between nutrients, water, root growth and productivity in young plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, v.30, p.213-232, 1990.
NAMBIAR E.K.,SANDSR. Effects of compactation and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine. Tree physiology , v.10, p. 297-306, 1992.
PRITCHETT, W.L. Suelos forestales : propiedades, conservación y mejoramiento. Noriega: Ed. Limusa, 1986. 643 pp.
ROBINSON, D. Resource capture by localized root proliferation: why do plants bother?. Annals of Botany, v.77, p.179-185, 1996.
SAINJU, U.M.;GOOD,R.E. Vertical root distribution in relation to soil properties. Plant and Soil, v.150, p.87-97, 1993.
SANDS, R.;BOWEN,G.D. Compaction of sandy soils in radiata pine forests II. Effects of compaction on root configuration and growth of radiata pine seedlings. Aust. For. Res., v.8, p 163-170, 1978.
SANDS, R.;MULLIGAND.R. Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth. Forest Ecology and Management, v.30, p.91-111, 1990.
SCHENK, M.K.;BARBER,S.A. Potassium and phosphorus uptake by corn genotypes grown in the field as influenced by root characteristics. Plant and Soil , v.54, p.65-76, 1980.
ST. JOHN, T.V.;COLEMAN,D.C.;REID,C.P.P.Growth and spatial distribution of nutrient-absorbing organs: selective exploitation of soil heterogeneity. Plant and Soil, v.71, p.487-493, 1983.
STRONG, W.L.;LA ROI, G.H. Root density-soil relationships in selected boreal forests of central Alberta, Canada. Forest Ecology Management, v.12, p.233-251, 1985.
SOIL SURVEY STAFF. Soil taxonomy. Second Edition. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agric. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.
SUTTON, R.F. Soil properties and root development in forest trees: a review. Ontario : Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1991.(Information Report O-X-413.)

Fechas de Publicación

Publicación en esta colección
Jan-Mar 2005

Histórico

Recibido
13 Mar 2003
Acepto
29 Mar 2005

Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

[1] ARES, A.; PEINEMANN. N. Fine-root distribution of coniferous plantations in relation to site in southern Buenos Aires, Argentina . Can. J. For. Res., v.22, p.1575-1582, 1992.

[2] BAKER, T.T.; CONNER, W.H.; LOCKABY, B.G.; STANTURF, J.A.; BURKE, M.K. Fine root productivity and dynamics on a forested floodplain in south Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., v.65, p.545-556, 2001.

[3] BARBER, S. A diffusion and mass-flow concept of soil nutrient availability. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J ., v.93, p. 39-49, 1962.

[4] BARLEY, K.P. The configuration of the root system in relation to nutrient uptake. Adv. Agron., v. 22, p.159-201, 1970.

[5] BENGOUGH, A.G.; CROSER, C.; PRITCHARD, J. A Biophysical analysis of root growth under mechanical stress. Plant and Soil, v.189, p.155-164, 1997.

[6] BILBROUGH, C.J.; CALDWELL, M.M. The effects of shading and N status on root proliferation in nutrient patches by the perennial grass Agropyron desertorum in the field. Oecologia, v.103, p.10-16, 1995.

[7] BOWEN, H. Alleviating mechanical impedance. In: ARKIN, C.E. ; TAYLOR, H.M. (Ed.). Taylor modifying the root environment to reduce crop stress. 1981. (Am. Soc. Agr. Eng. Monogr.,4)

[8] BOWEN, G.D. Roots as a component of tree productivity. In : CANNELL, M. G. R.; JACKSON , J.E. (Ed.). Attributes of trees as crop plants. Huntingdon : Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, 1984. p 303-315.

[9] BREJDA, J.J.; KARLEN, D.L.; SMITH, J.L.; ALLAN, D.L. Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators: II. Northern Mississippi loess Hills and Palouse Prairie. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., v.64, p.2125-2135, 2000.

[10] CARBON, B.A.; BARTLE, G.A.; MURRAY, A.M.; MACPHERSON, D.K. The distribution of root length and the limits to flow of soil water to roots in a dry sclerophyll forest. Forest Science, v.26, p.656-664, 1980.

[11] COZZO, D. Tecnología de la forestación en Argentina y América Latina. Ed. Hemisferio Sur, 1976.

[12] CRICK, J.C.; GRIME, J.P. Morphological plasticity and mineral nutrient capture in two herbaceous species of contrasted ecology. New Phytol., v.107, p.403-414, 1987.

[13] CURT, T.; LUCOT, E.; BOUCHAUD, M. Douglas-fir biomass and rooting profile in relation to soils in a mid-elevation area (Beaujolais, France). Plant and Soil ., v.233, p.109-125, 2001.

[14] DADDOW, R.L.; WARRINGTON, G.E. Growth limiting soil bulk densities as influenced by soil texture. 1983. (WSDG Report. WSDG-TN 00005).

[15] DAVIS, G.R.; NEILSEN, W.A.; MCDAVITT, J.G. Root distribution of Pinus radiata related to soil characteritics in five tasmanian soils. Aust. J. Soil. Res. ,v.121, p.165-171. 1983.

[16] DONOSO, S.; OBISPO, A.; SANCHEZ, C.; RUIZ, C.; HERRERA, M.A. Efecto del laboreo sobre la biomasa de Eucalyptus globulus en el suroeste de España. Invest. Agr. : Sist. Recur. For., v.8, n.2, p.377-386, 1999.

[17] DROOGERS, P.; VAN DER MEER, F.B.W.; BOUMA, J. Water accessibility to plant roots in different soil structures accurring in the same soil type. Plant and Soil ., v.188, p.83-91, 1997.

[18] ECHEVERRIA, H.E.; SAN MARTÍN, N.F.; BERGONZI, R. Mineralización de azufre y su relación con la de nitrógeno en suelos agrícolas. Ciencia del Suelo., v.14, n.2, p.107-109, 1996.

[19] EISSENSTAT, D.; VAN REES, K.C.J. The growth and function of pine roots. Ecological Bulletins, v. 43, p.76-91, 1994.

[20] FABIAO, A.;MADEIRA,M.; STEEN,E.; KÄTTERER,T.;RIBEIRO, C. Growth dynamic and spatial distribution of root mass in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal. In: PEREIRA,J.S.;PEREIRA, H.(Ed). Eucalyptus for biomass production: the state of the art. Brussels : CEC, 1994. p.60-76.

[21] GIUFFRE, L.;ZUBILLAGA,M.S.;HEREDIA,O.S.;MISSART, F.Mineralización de fósforo en molisoles pampeanos. Ciencia del Suelo , v.16, p. 99-102, 1998.

[22] JACKSON, R.B.;CALDWELL,M.M. The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three cold-desert perennials. Oecologia, v.81, p.149-153, 1989.

[23] JACKSON, R.B.;CALDWELL,M.M. The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics. Ecology, v.74, p.612-614, 1993.

[24] JOBBÁGY, E.G.;JACKSON,R.B. The distribution of soil nutrients with depth: Global patterns and the imprint of plants. Biogeochemistry, v.53, p.51-77, 2001.

[25] KOTLIAR, N.B.;WIENS,J.A. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos, v.59, p.253-260, 1990.

[26] LYNCH, J.P.;BROWN,K.M. Topsoil foraging - an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability. Plant and Soil, v.237, p.225-237, 2001.

[27] MAKKONEN K.,HELMISAARIH. Seasonal and yearly variations of fine-root biomass and necromass in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand.Forest Ecologyand Manangement, v. 102, p.283-290, 1998

[28] MISRA, R.K.;ALSTON,A.M.;DEXTER,A.R. Root growth and phosphorus uptake in relation to the size and strength of soil aggregates. I. Experimental studies. Soil Till. Res, v.11, p.103-116, 1988.

[29] MOIR, W.H.,BACHELARD,E.P. Distribution of fine roots in three pinus radiata plantations near Canberra, Australia. Ecology, v.50, n.4, p.658-662, 1969.

[30] NAMBIAR, E.K. Interplay between nutrients, water, root growth and productivity in young plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, v.30, p.213-232, 1990.

[31] NAMBIAR E.K.,SANDSR. Effects of compactation and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine. Tree physiology , v.10, p. 297-306, 1992.

[32] PRITCHETT, W.L. Suelos forestales : propiedades, conservación y mejoramiento. Noriega: Ed. Limusa, 1986. 643 pp.

[33] ROBINSON, D. Resource capture by localized root proliferation: why do plants bother?. Annals of Botany, v.77, p.179-185, 1996.

[34] SAINJU, U.M.;GOOD,R.E. Vertical root distribution in relation to soil properties. Plant and Soil, v.150, p.87-97, 1993.

[35] SANDS, R.;BOWEN,G.D. Compaction of sandy soils in radiata pine forests II. Effects of compaction on root configuration and growth of radiata pine seedlings. Aust. For. Res., v.8, p 163-170, 1978.

[36] SANDS, R.;MULLIGAND.R. Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth. Forest Ecology and Management, v.30, p.91-111, 1990.

[37] SCHENK, M.K.;BARBER,S.A. Potassium and phosphorus uptake by corn genotypes grown in the field as influenced by root characteristics. Plant and Soil , v.54, p.65-76, 1980.

[38] ST. JOHN, T.V.;COLEMAN,D.C.;REID,C.P.P.Growth and spatial distribution of nutrient-absorbing organs: selective exploitation of soil heterogeneity. Plant and Soil, v.71, p.487-493, 1983.

[39] STRONG, W.L.;LA ROI, G.H. Root density-soil relationships in selected boreal forests of central Alberta, Canada. Forest Ecology Management, v.12, p.233-251, 1985.

[40] SOIL SURVEY STAFF. Soil taxonomy. Second Edition. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agric. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.

[41] SUTTON, R.F. Soil properties and root development in forest trees: a review. Ontario : Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1991.(Information Report O-X-413.)

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