The use of molecular spectra simulation for diagnostics of reactive flows

Passaro, Angelo; Carinhana Jr, Dermeval; Gonçalves, Enizete Aparecida; Silva, Marcio Moreira da; Guimarães, Ana Paula Lasmar; Abe, Nancy Mieko; Santos, Alberto Monteiro dos

doi:10.5028/jatm.2011.03019610

Abstract:

The C₂^* radical is used as a system probe tool to the reactive flow diagnostic, and it was chosen due to its large occurrence in plasma and combustion in aeronautics and aerospace applications. The rotational temperatures of C₂^* species were determined by the comparison between experimental and theoretical data. The simulation code was developed by the authors, using C++ language and the object oriented paradigm, and it includes a set of new tools that increase the efficacy of the C₂^* probe to determine the rotational temperature of the system. A brute force approach for the determination of spectral parameters was adopted in this version of the computer code. The statistical parameter c² was used as an objective criterion to determine the better match of experimental and synthesized spectra. The results showed that the program works even with low-quality experimental data, typically collected from in situ airborne compact apparatus. The technique was applied to flames of a Bunsen burner, and the rotational temperature of ca. 2100 K was calculated.

Keywords:
Optical emission spectra; Computerized simulation; Combustion control; Computer programs; Rotational spectra

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REFERENCES

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» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2003.10.040
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» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.005
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Griem, H. R., 1997, "Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy", Cambridge University Press.
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Ivanov, V. V. et al., 2008, "Spectroscopic Investigations of Longitudinal Discharge in Supersonic Flow of Air with Injection of Propane into the Discharge Zone", High Temperature, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
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» https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698883
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Lapworth, K. C., 1974, "Spectroscopic Temperature-Measurements in High-Temperature Gases and Plasmas", Journal of Physics E-Scientific Instruments, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 413-420.
McPherson, W., Henderson, W. E., 1927, "A Course in General Chemistry". 3rd ed., Ed. Ginn and Company, Boston, USA, 559 p.
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Pellerin, S. et al., 1996, "Application of the (O,O) Swan Band Spectrum for Temperature Measurements", Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 2850-2865.
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Tsuboi, N., Matsumoto, Y., 2006, "Interaction between Shock Wave and Boundary Layer in Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Rarefied Flow (5th Report, Nonequilibrium of Rotational Temperature in Flow over Flat Plate)", Jsme International Journal Series B-Fluids and Thermal Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 771-779.
Zel'dovich, Y. B., Raizer, Y. P., 2002, "Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena", Ed. Dover Publications, Mineola, USA, 916 p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Apr 2011

History

Received
26 Nov 2010
Accepted
01 Feb 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Acquaviva, S., 2004, "Simulation of Emission Molecular Spectra by a Semi-Automatic Programme Package: The Case of C-2 and CN Diatomic Molecules Emitting During Laser Ablation of a Graphite Target in Nitrogen Environment", Spectrochimica Acta Part a-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 60, No. 8-9, pp. 2079-2086. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2003.10.040
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2003.10.040

[2] Arepalli, S., Nikolaev, P., Holmes, W. and Scott, C. D., 2000, "Diagnostics of Laser-Produced Plume under Carbon Nanotube Growth Conditions", Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 125-133. doi: 10.1007/s003390050024
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390050024

[3] Ballester, J., García-Armingol, T., 2010, "Diagnostic Techniques for the Monitoring and Control of Practical Flames", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 375-411. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.005
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.005

[4] Blackwell, H. E.; Scott, C.D.; Arepalli, S., 1997, "Measured Nonequilibrium Temperatures in a Blunt Body Shock Layer in Arc Jet Nitrogen Flow", 32nd Thermophysics Conference, AIAA.

[5] Carinhana Junior, D., 2006, "Determination of Flame Temperature by Emission Spectroscopy" (In Portuguese), Ph.D. Thesis, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 129p.

[6] Do, H., Mungal, M. G. and Cappelli, M. A., 2008, "Jet Flame Ignition in a Supersonic Crossflow Using a Pulsed Nonequilibrium Plasma Discharge", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 2918-2923.

[7] Docquier, N., Candel. S., 2002, "Combustion Control and Sensors: A Review", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 107-150.

[8] Durie, R. A., 1952, "The Excitation and Intensity Distribution of CH Bands in Flames", Proceedings of the Physical Society of London Section A, Vol. 65, No. 386, pp. 125-128.

[9] Fujita, K., Sato, S., Abe, T. and Ebinuma, Y., 2002, "Experimental Investigation of Air Radiation from Behind a Strong Shock Wave", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp.77-82.

[10] Gaydon, A. G., Wolfhard, H. G., 1970, "Flames", Ed. Chapman and Hall, London, Great Britain, 401 p.

[11] Gaydon, A. G., 1957, "The Spectroscopy of Flames", Ed. Chapman and Hall, London, Great Britain, 279p.

[12] Gord, J. R., Fiechtner, G. J., 2001, "Emerging Combustion Diagnostics", 39^th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, USA, pp. A01-16608.

[13] Gregory, O.J., You, T., 2005, "Ceramic Temperature Sensors for Harsh Environments", IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp 833-838.

[14] Griem, H. R., 1997, "Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy", Cambridge University Press.

[15] Herzberg, G., 1950, "Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure - i. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules", 2^nd ed., Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, Brazil, 658 p.

[16] Ivanov, V. V. et al., 2008, "Spectroscopic Investigations of Longitudinal Discharge in Supersonic Flow of Air with Injection of Propane into the Discharge Zone", High Temperature, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 3-10.

[17] Kane, W. R., Broida, H. P., 1953, "Rotational Temperatures of Oh in Diluted Flames", Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 347-354. doi:10.1063/1.1698883
» https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698883

[18] Knight, A. K. et al., 2000, "Characterization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) for Application to Space Exploration", Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 331-340.

[19] Lapworth, K. C., 1974, "Spectroscopic Temperature-Measurements in High-Temperature Gases and Plasmas", Journal of Physics E-Scientific Instruments, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 413-420.

[20] McPherson, W., Henderson, W. E., 1927, "A Course in General Chemistry". 3rd ed., Ed. Ginn and Company, Boston, USA, 559 p.

[21] Paulmier, T. et al., 2001, "Physico-Chemical Behavior of Carbon Materials under High Temperature and Ion Irradiation", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 180, No. 3-4, pp. 227-245.

[22] Pellerin, S. et al., 1996, "Application of the (O,O) Swan Band Spectrum for Temperature Measurements", Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 2850-2865.

[23] Reif, I., Fassel, V. A. and Kniseley, R. N., 1973, "Spectroscopic Flame Temperature-Measurements and Their Physical Significance .1. Theoretical Concepts - Critical Review", Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. B 28, No. 3, pp. 105-123.

[24] Rond, C. et al., 2007, "Radiation Measurements in a Shock Tube, for Titan Mixtures", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 638-646.

[25] Tsuboi, N., Matsumoto, Y., 2006, "Interaction between Shock Wave and Boundary Layer in Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Rarefied Flow (5th Report, Nonequilibrium of Rotational Temperature in Flow over Flat Plate)", Jsme International Journal Series B-Fluids and Thermal Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 771-779.

[26] Zel'dovich, Y. B., Raizer, Y. P., 2002, "Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena", Ed. Dover Publications, Mineola, USA, 916 p.

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