GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays) TO INTER AND INTRA-ROW WEED COMPETITION UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS

MAQBOOL, M.M.; TANVEER, A.; ALI, A.; ABBAS, M.N.; IMRAN, M.; AHMAD, M.; ABID, A.A.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582016340100005

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Articles • Planta daninha 34 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582016340100005 copy

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays) TO INTER AND INTRA-ROW WEED COMPETITION UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS¹ 1 Recebido para publicação em 28.3.2015 e aprovado em 28.9.2015.

Crescimento e Produção do Milho (Zea mays) em Resposta à Competição com Plantas Daninhas em Linha e Entrelinha sob Diferentes Métodos de Adubação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effect of fertilizer application methods and inter and intra-row weed-crop competition durations on density and biomass of different weeds and growth, grain yield and yield components of maize. The experimental treatments comprised of two fertilizer application methods (side placement and below seed placement) and inter and intra-row weed-crop competition durations each for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence, as well as through the crop growing period. Fertilizer application method didn't affect weed density, biomass, and grain yield of maize. Below seed fertilizer placement generally resulted in less mean weed dry weight and more crop leaf area index, growth rate, grain weight per cob and 1000 grain weight. Minimum number of weeds and dry weight were recorded in inter-row or intra-row weed-crop competition for 15 DAE. Number of cobs per plant, grain weight per cob, 1000 grain weight and grain yield decreased with an increase in both inter-row and intra-row weed-crop competition durations. Maximum mean grain yield of 6.35 and 6.33 tha^-1 were recorded in inter-row and intra-row weed competition for 15 DAE, respectively.

competition; fertilizer; grain yield; maize; plant growth

Treatment	Total weed density (m²)	Dry weight of weeds (g m^-2)
Treatment	1^st year	2^nd year	Mean	1^st year	2^nd year	Mean
	A) Fertilizer application methods
P₁ = side placement	82.29	85.36	Mean	1^st year	2^nd year	Mean	83.38	50.03	49.13	49.58 a
P₂ = below seed placement	80.22	83.02	81.63	40.58	45.23	45.41 b
LSD	----	----	----	----	----	1.04
	B) Weed competition duration
Inter-row competition for			----	----	----	1.04
C₁ = 15 DAE	38.75 f	43.13 e	40.94 f	4.18 h	4.26 f	4.22 h
C₂ = 30 DAE	82.13 d	81.00 c	81.56 d	41.34 f	41.86 de	41.60 f
C₃ = 45 DAE	90.63 c	98.50 ab	94.56 c	46.31 ef	45.33 d	45.92 e
C₄ = 60 DAE	92.75 bc	98.50 ab	95.63 bc	54.36 d	55.01 c	54.68 d
C₅ = Full season	94.88 bc	96.00 b	95.44 bc	76.99 b	77.16 b	77.07 b
Inter-row competition for
C₆ = 15 DAE	41.00 f	43.50 e	42.25 f	3.46 h	3.27 f	3.36 h
C₇ = 30 DAE	63.25 e	62.88 d	63.06 e	34.87 g	35.94 e	35.40 g
C₈ = 45 DAE	95.25 bc	96.00 b	95.63 bc	44.81 f	46.06 d	45.43 ef
C₉ = 60 DAE	94.25 bc	100.6 ab	97.44 bc	51.81 de	53.62 c	52.71 d
C₁₀= Full season	97.13 b	101.10 ab	99.13 b	71.14 c	73.13 b	72.14 c
C₁₁= Both inter and intra-row competition for full season	103.9 a	104.90a	104.4 a	89.77 a	90.05 a	89.91 a
SE	2.02	2.48	1.60	1.93	2.27	1.49
	C) Interaction
P₁ C₁	41.00 g	45.75 e	1.60	1.93	2.27	1.49	43.38 gh	4.65 k	4.47	4.56 n
P₁ C₂	94.00 bcd	92.50 c	93.25 d	37.73 ij	38.65	38.19 l
P₁ C₃	88.50 d	97.25 bc	92.88 d	45.47 fghi	43.11	44.29 ijk
P₁ C₄	91.50 cd	95.25 bc	93.38 d	58.24 de	58.98	58.57 de
P₁ C₅	94.75 bcd	92.25 c	93.50 d	91.22 a	92.05	91.64 a
P₁ C₆	43.25 g	47.25 e	45.25 g	4.50 k	4.11	4.30 n
P₁ C₇	59.25 f	59.75 d	59.50 f	37.86 ij	39.33	38.60 kl
P₁ C₈	97.25 bc	94.25 c	95.75 bcd	49.63 fg	50.67	50.15 fghi
P₁ C₉	94.75 bcd	105.00 ab	99.88 bc	50.61 efg	52.55	51.58 fg
P1 C10	95.00 bcd	101.30 abc	98.13 bcd	73.26 b	78.22	75.74 b
P1 C11	106.00 a	108.50 a	107.3 a	87.35 a	88.26	87.81 a

P₂ C₁	36.50 g	40.50 e	107.3 a	87.35 a	88.26	87.81 a	38.50 h	3.72 k	4.05	3.88 n
P₂ C₂	70.25 e	69.50 d	69.88 e	44.96 ghi	45.07	45.01 hij
P2 C3	92.75 cd	99.75 abc	96.25 bcd	47.16 fgh	47.94	47.55 ghi
P₂ C₄	94.00 bcd	101.80 abc	97.88 bcd	50.48 efg	51.13	50.80 fgh
P₂ C₅	95.00 bcd	99.75 abc	97.38 bcd	62.75 cd	62.26	62.51 d
P₂ C₆	38.75 g	39.75 e	39.25 gh	2.42 k	2.56	2.42 n
P₂ C₇	67.25 ef	66.00 d	66.63 e	31.88 j	32.53	32.21 m
P₂ C₈	93.25 cd	97.75 bc	95.50 bcd	39.98 hi	41.44	40.71 jkl
P₂ C₉	93.75 bcd	96.25 bc	95.00 cd	53.00 ef	54.68	53.84 ef
P2 C10	99.25 abc	101.00 abc	100.10 bc	69.03 bc	68.04	68.54 c
P2 C11	101.8 ab	101.30 abc	101.50 ab	92.18 a	91.83	92.01 a
SE	2.86	3.51	2.26	2.74	NS	2.11

Treatment	Leaf area index	Crop growth rate (g m^-2 day^-1)
Treatment	1^st year	2^nd year	Mean	1^st year	2^nd year	Mean
	A) Fer	tilizer applicati	on methods
P₁ = side placement	3.65 b	4.12	3.88	23.82 b	23.63 b	23.73 b
P₂ = below seed placement	4.12 a	4.16	4.14	27.67 a	28.82 a	27.75 a
LSD	0.01	-----	------	0.04	0.09	0.05
	B) W	eed competitio	n duration
Inter-row competition for	5.23 a	5.32 a	5.28 a	29.74 b	30.02 b	29.88 b
C₁ = 15 DAE	4.76 c	4.76 c	4.76 c	27.27 c	27.68 c	27.52 c
C₂ = 30 DAE	4.00 e	3.94 e	3.97 e	25.54 d	25.83 d	27.69 d
C₃ = 45 DAE	3.51 g	3.54 g	3.53 g	25.22 d	24.33 f	24.78 f
C₄ = 60 DAE	3.37 h	3.90 h	4.63 h	24.63 e	24.14 f	24.38 g
C₅ = Full season	5.23 a	5.32 a	5.28 a	29.74 b	30.02 b	29.88 b
Inter-row competition for
C₆ = 15 DAE	5.09 b	5.12 b	5.10 b	30.98 a	30.73 a	30.86 a
C₇ = 30 DAE	4.38 d	4.48 d	4.43 d	27.59 c	27.38 c	27.49 c
C₈ = 45 DAE	3.68 f	3.70 f	3.69 f	25.21 d	25.82 e	25.25 e
C₉ = 60 DAE	3.24 I	3.26 h	3.25 I	23.61 f	23.47 g	23.54 h
C₁₀= Full season	3.20 I	3.21 h	3.20 I	22.67 g	22.86 h	22.76 I
C₁₁= Both inter and intra-row competition for full season	2.26 j	2.26 I	2.26 j	20.63 h	21.27 I	20.59 j
SE	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.19	0.15	0.12
		C) Interacti	on
P₁ C₁	0.92 b	0.07 b	4.97 b	28.08 d	27.85 de	27.97 f
P₁ C₂	4.58 d	4.56 c	4.57 c	24.94 h	25.29 h	25.12 I
P₁ C₃	3.82 g	3.73 f	3.78 g	23.90 ij	23.51 ij	23.70 k
P₁ C₄	3.15 jh	3.16 hi	3.16 k	23.49 jk	22.17 jk	22.83 lm
P₁ C₅	3.10 j	3.15 j	5.62 l	22.63 I	22.16 I	22.40 m
P₁ C₆	4.64 cd	4.65 c	4.65 c	29.64 c	29.21 c	29.42 e
P₁ C₇	3.99 f	4.02 de	4.01 e	24.36 hi	24.36 hi	24.36 j
P₁ C₈	3.55 h	3.47 g	3.51 I	22.93 kl	23.07 kl	23.00 l
P₁ C₉	3.07 j	3.08 ij	3.07 kl	21.44 m	24.41 m	21.43 n
P1 C10	3.09 j	3.13 hi	3.11 kl	20.23 n	20.52 n	20.37 o
P1 C11	2.23 k	2.32 k	2.28 m	20.37 n	20.39 n	20.38 o

P₂ C₁	5.58 a	5.63 a	5.60 s	31.40 b	32.19 b	31.79 b
P₂ C₂	4.95 b	4.98 b	4.95 b	29.74 c	30.07 c	29.93 d
P2 C3	4.18 e	4.15 d	4.17 d	27.18 ef	28.17 ef	27.67 f
P₂ C₄	3.87 fg	3.92 e	3.90 ef	26.95 ef	26.50 ef	26.73 g

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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[TFN01] Values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly at 5% probability level. NS = Non-significant. DAE = Days After Emergence.

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GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays) TO INTER AND INTRA-ROW WEED COMPETITION UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS1 1 Recebido para publicação em 28.3.2015 e aprovado em 28.9.2015.

Crescimento e Produção do Milho (Zea mays) em Resposta à Competição com Plantas Daninhas em Linha e Entrelinha sob Diferentes Métodos de Adubação

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays) TO INTER AND INTRA-ROW WEED COMPETITION UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS¹ 1 Recebido para publicação em 28.3.2015 e aprovado em 28.9.2015.