ABSTRACT
The genus Alloniscus Dana, 1854 includes 23 known species occurring exclusively in littoral habitats. The genus has never been recorded from the Atlantic coastal region of the Americas. This work describes the new species Alloniscus buckupi n. sp. from João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, and provides the first record of the genus from the Atlantic coastal region.
KEY WORDS
Coastal region; Neotropical region; taxonomy; Paraíba
Introduction
The terrestrial isopods comprise more than 3,700 species occurring in several terrestrial habitats worldwide, except at the poles (Schmalfuss, 2003Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 654: 1-341.; Sfenthourakis and Taiti, 2015Sfenthourakis, S. and Taiti, S. 2015. Patterns of taxonomic diversity among terrestrial isopods. ZooKeys, 515: 13-25.). The family Alloniscidae was erected by Schmidt (2003Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179.) to include the genus AlloniscusDana, 1854Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177.. The family is mainly characterized by the presence of respiratory areas on pleopod 1-5 exopods and dactylar seta with enlarged knife-shaped tip (Schmidt, 2003Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179., 2008). The genus AlloniscusDana, 1854Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177. has a circumtropical distribution and comprises 23 species distributed exclusively in the littoral habitats of the Indian and West Pacific Oceans (Schmalfuss, 2003Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 654: 1-341.; Schmidt, 2003Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179.). Until the moment, the genus is not recorded in the Atlantic coasts of the Americas (Schmidt, 2003Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179.).
In this work we describe a new species of the genus Alloniscus from João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, and report the first record of the genus from Atlantic coast of South America.
Material and Methods
The material was stored in 75% ethanol and identifications were based on morphological characters. The species were illustrated with the aid of a camera lucida mounted on Olympus CH-2 microscopes. The illustration of the habitus was obtained with the aid of a camera Sony DSC-W800 mounted on Biofocus SQF-L-BI microscope. The final illustrations were prepared using the software GIMP with the method proposed by Montesanto (2015Montesanto, G. 2015. A fast GNU method to draw accurate scientific illustrations for taxonomy. Zookeys, 515: 191-206. , 2016Montesanto, G. 2016. Drawing setae: a GNU way for digital scientific illustrations. Nauplius, 24: e2016017.). The material used in this study is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP).
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT
Family Alloniscidae Schmidt, 2003Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179.
Genus Alloniscus Dana, 1854Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177.
Type species. Alloniscus perconvexusDana, 1854Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177. by monotypy.
Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso n. sp.
Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (parts in micropreparations) (MZUSP 36762), Brazil, Paraíba, João Pessoa, Praia de Cabo Branco, 7º07’25”S 34º49’23”W, VIII.2017, leg. S. Vaiciulyte. Paratypes: 3♀ (MZUSP 36763), same data as holotype.
Description. Maximum body length: ♂ 5.5 mm, ♀ 6 mm. Body outline as in Fig. 1A. Color light brown. Cephalon and antenna with irregular unpigmented spots; pereonites and epimera 1-7 gradually more pigmented on posterior portions, pereonites 1-3 with many unpigmented spots; pleon, telson and uropods strongly pigmented. Body convex; pereonites 1 and 2 epimera directed frontwards, 3-7 gradually more directed backwards; posterior margin of pereonite 7 strongly arched (Fig. 1A). Dorsum covered with ovoid-shaped scale setae (Fig. 1B), and fan-shaped narrowed on middle on posterior portions of pereonites (Fig. 1C). Cephalon (Fig. 1D) with lateral lobes well-developed, frontal line present, suprantennal line bent downwards on middle; eyes composed of eight ommatidia. Pleonites 3-5 epimera outline continuous with that of pereonite 7, acute and directed backwards. Pereonites bearing glandular pores (Fig. 1E). Telson (Fig. 1F) triangular, lateral sides strongly concave, apex acute. Antennula (Fig. 1G) with articles subequal in length, distal article bearing many aesthetascs on distal margin. Antenna (Fig. 1H) stout, not reaching the posterior margin of pereonite 1; flagellum of three articles subequal in length, second and third articles with lateral aesthetascs. Mandibles with molar penicil of 12 branches, left mandible (Fig. 2A) with 2+1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 2B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 2C) inner endite with two long hairy penicils, distal margin slightly triangular; outer endite of 4+5 teeth (2 or 3 slightly cleft on apex) plus accessory tooth and slender setae between inner and outer set of teeth. Maxilla (Fig. 2D) outer lobe slightly wider than inner lobe, covered with thin setae; inner lobe rounded, covered with thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 2E) endite subrectangular, distal margin slightly rounded, medial seta surpassing distal margin, small knob-like penicil on ventral margin without minute setae. Pereopods 1-7 short and stout, carpus 1 with longitudinal antennal grooming brush, pereopod 6 ischium and merus, and pereopod 7 base with water conducting system; dactylus with inner claw about half of outer claw length, ungual and dactylar seta simple. Uropod (Fig. 2F) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores, endopod inserted proximally, exopod and endopod subequals in length. Pleopods 1-5 exopods with large respiratory areas.
Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso n. sp., holotype. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, dorsal scale-seta; C, posterior scale-seta of pereonites; D, cephalon in frontal view; E, pereonite 1 epimeron; F, pleonites 4 and 5, and telson; G, antennula; H, antenna.
Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso n. sp., paratype. A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillula; D, maxila; E, maxilliped; F, uropod.
Male: Pereopods 1-5 merus and carpus densely fitted with long setae on sternal margin (Fig. 3A); pereopod 7 ischium slightly depressed on proximal sternal margin bearing many setae (Fig. 3B). Genital papilla (Fig. 3C) with triangular frontal shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 exopod (Fig. 3D) heart-shaped bearing many setae on inner and outer margins; endopod (Fig. 3C) almost twice as long as exopod, distal portion narrow bearing small setae on median margin. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 3E) exopod triangular, outer margin strongly concave bearing many setae; endopod flagelliform, longer than exopod. Pleopod 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 3F, G. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 3H) triangular, outer margin slightly convex bearing many setae, distal portion right-angled.
Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso n. sp., holotype. A, pereopod 1; B, pereopod 7; C, genital papila and pleopod 1 endopod; D, pleopod 1 exopod; E, pleopod 2; F, pleopod 3 exopod; G, pleopod 4 exopod; H, pleopod 5 exopod.
Etymology. The new species is named after Professor Dr. Ludwig Buckup for his contributions to the knowledge of Crustacea.
Remarks. As mentioned, the genus Alloniscus includes 23 species: Alloniscus allspachiNunomura, 2001Nunomura, N. 2001. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans from Saipan, Northern Mariana, Micronesia. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum , 24: 1-17. from Saipan Island, Micronesia; Alloniscus balssi (Verhoeff, 1928Verhoeff, K.W. 1928. Über einige Isopoden der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 76: 25-36, 113-123.) from Japan and Korea; Alloniscus boninensisNunomura, 1984Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43. from Bonin Islands, Japan; Alloniscus gerardiArcangeli, 1960Arcangeli, A. 1960. Revisione del genere Alloniscus Dana. Il sistema respiratorio speciale agli exopoditi dei pleopodi delle specie appartenenti allo stesso genere (Crostacei Isopodi Terrestri). Bollettino dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Torino, 6: 15-79. from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Alloniscus maculatusNunomura, 1984 Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.from Yonakuni Island, Okinawa, Japan; Alloniscus marinusCollinge, 1920Collinge, W. 1920. Contributions to a knowledge of the terrestrial Isopoda of Natal. Part III. Annals of the Natal Museum, 4: 471-490. from South Africa; Alloniscus mirabilis (Stuxberg, 1875Stuxberg, A. 1875. Om Nord-Amerikas Oniscider. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32: 43-63.) from California, USA; Alloniscus nacreus Collinge, 1922 from Madagascar; Alloniscus nicobaricusBudde-Lund, 1885Budde-Lund, G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria per Familias et Genera et Species Descripta. Copenhagen, Nielsen & Lydiche. 319p. from Nicobar, Maldives and Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean; Alloniscus oahuensis Budde-Lund, 1885 from tropical coastal regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans; Alloniscus pallidulus Budde-Lund, 1885 from Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia and province of West Papua; Alloniscus pardii Arcangeli, 1960 from Indochina; Alloniscus perconvexusDana, 1856Dana, J.D. 1856. Catalogue and descriptions of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , 7: 175-177. from Pacific coast of Canada to Mexico; Alloniscus pigmentatus Budde-Lund, 1885 from Madagascar, Indian Ocean (Aldabra, Chagos, Comoro, Maldives, and Seychelles), Mozambique and southern China; Alloniscus priolensis Arcangeli, 1960 from Priole Island, east coast of Sumatra; Alloniscus robustusFerrara, 1974Ferrara, F. 1974. Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle. 3. Terrestrial isopods. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Nuova Serie, Supplemento, 5: 191-220. from Sar Uanle, Somalia; Alloniscus ryukyuensisNunomura, 1984 Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.from Ryukyu Island, Japan; Alloniscus saipanensisNunomura, 2001 Nunomura, N. 2001. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans from Saipan, Northern Mariana, Micronesia. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum , 24: 1-17.from Saipan Island, Micronesia; Alloniscus salinarumVandel, 1968Vandel, A. 1968. Isopodes terrestres. p. 37-168. In: Institut Royal des Sciences de Belgique (ed), Mission Zoologique Belge aux Îles Galapagos et en Ecuador (N. et J. Leleup, 1964-65). Brussels, Musee Royale l’Afrique Centrale. vol. 1 from Guayas, Ecuador; Alloniscus schaedleri Arcangeli, 1960 from Indonesia; Alloniscus silvestrii Arcangeli, 1960 from Taiwan; Alloniscus thalassophilusRioja, 1964Rioja, E. 1964. Descripción y algunos datos morfológicos de Alloniscus thalassophilus n. sp. del piso supralitoral de las costas mexicanas del Pacifico. Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 34: 285-306. from Guerrero, Mexico; and “Alloniscus” simplexSchmölzer, 1974Schmölzer, K. 1974. Landisopoden aus Zentral- und Ostafrika (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 182: 147-200., with dubious genus allocation (Fig. 4) (see references in Schmalfuss, 2003Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 654: 1-341.).
Distribution map of AlloniscusDana, 1854Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177.: 1, A. allspachiNunomura, 2001Nunomura, N. 2001. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans from Saipan, Northern Mariana, Micronesia. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum , 24: 1-17.; 2, A. balssi (Verhoeff, 1928Verhoeff, K.W. 1928. Über einige Isopoden der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 76: 25-36, 113-123.); 3, A. boninensisNunomura, 1984Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.; 4, A. gerardiArcangeli, 1960Arcangeli, A. 1960. Revisione del genere Alloniscus Dana. Il sistema respiratorio speciale agli exopoditi dei pleopodi delle specie appartenenti allo stesso genere (Crostacei Isopodi Terrestri). Bollettino dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Torino, 6: 15-79.; 5, A. maculatusNunomura, 1984Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.; 6, A. marinusCollinge, 1920Collinge, W. 1920. Contributions to a knowledge of the terrestrial Isopoda of Natal. Part III. Annals of the Natal Museum, 4: 471-490.; 7, A. mirabilis (Stuxberg, 1875Stuxberg, A. 1875. Om Nord-Amerikas Oniscider. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32: 43-63.); 8, A. nacreusCollinge, 1922Collinge, W. 1922. Two new terrestrial isopods from Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 35: 107-113.; 9, A. nicobaricusBudde-Lund, 1885Budde-Lund, G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria per Familias et Genera et Species Descripta. Copenhagen, Nielsen & Lydiche. 319p.; 10, A. oahuensis Budde-Lund, 1885; 11, A. pallidulus Budde-Lund, 1885; 12, A. pardii Arcangeli, 1960; 13, A. perconvexus Dana, 1856; 14, A. pigmentatus Budde-Lund, 1885; 15, A. priolensis Arcangeli, 1960; 16, A. robustusFerrara, 1974Ferrara, F. 1974. Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle. 3. Terrestrial isopods. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Nuova Serie, Supplemento, 5: 191-220.; 17, A. ryukyuensisNunomura, 1984Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.; 18, A. saipanensisNunomura, 2001Nunomura, N. 2001. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans from Saipan, Northern Mariana, Micronesia. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum , 24: 1-17.; 19, A. salinarumVandel, 1968Vandel, A. 1968. Isopodes terrestres. p. 37-168. In: Institut Royal des Sciences de Belgique (ed), Mission Zoologique Belge aux Îles Galapagos et en Ecuador (N. et J. Leleup, 1964-65). Brussels, Musee Royale l’Afrique Centrale. vol. 1; 20, A. schaedleri Arcangeli, 1960; 21, A. silvestrii Arcangeli, 1960; 22, A. thalassophilusRioja, 1964Rioja, E. 1964. Descripción y algunos datos morfológicos de Alloniscus thalassophilus n. sp. del piso supralitoral de las costas mexicanas del Pacifico. Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 34: 285-306.; 23, “Alloniscus” simplexSchmölzer, 1974Schmölzer, K. 1974. Landisopoden aus Zentral- und Ostafrika (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 182: 147-200.; and 24, Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso n. sp.
The material of the new species was collected during a drizzle, which seems to have enable the animals to be exposed to the environment and becoming visible. Probably, this endogenous behaviour occurs in response to water loss due the high solar intensity of the place.
Alloniscus buckupi n. sp. differs from their congeners by antennula with aesthetascs inserted distally, shape of male pereopod 7 ischium, and shape of male pleopods 1-5.
As mentioned by Schmidt (2008) Schmidt, C. 2008. Phylogeny of terrestrial isopoda (Oniscidea): a review. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 66: 191–226., a taxonomic revision of the genus is necessary to determine the actual number of species. In addition, such revision would provide a better understanding of the morphological characteristics of the genus into an actual taxonomic context.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Prof. Marcos Tavares and the technique Maria José from MZUSP the assistance in the deposit of the material; to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the fellowship granted to ISC-F (CAPES/PNPD/UFCG/CTRN/PPGRN 201713705-5).
References
- Arcangeli, A. 1960. Revisione del genere Alloniscus Dana. Il sistema respiratorio speciale agli exopoditi dei pleopodi delle specie appartenenti allo stesso genere (Crostacei Isopodi Terrestri). Bollettino dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Torino, 6: 15-79.
- Budde-Lund, G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria per Familias et Genera et Species Descripta. Copenhagen, Nielsen & Lydiche. 319p.
- Collinge, W. 1920. Contributions to a knowledge of the terrestrial Isopoda of Natal. Part III. Annals of the Natal Museum, 4: 471-490.
- Collinge, W. 1922. Two new terrestrial isopods from Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 35: 107-113.
- Dana, J. D. 1854. Catalogue and description of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7: 175-177.
- Dana, J.D. 1856. Catalogue and descriptions of Crustacea collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , 7: 175-177.
- Ferrara, F. 1974. Researches on the coast of Somalia. The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle. 3. Terrestrial isopods. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Nuova Serie, Supplemento, 5: 191-220.
- Montesanto, G. 2015. A fast GNU method to draw accurate scientific illustrations for taxonomy. Zookeys, 515: 191-206.
- Montesanto, G. 2016. Drawing setae: a GNU way for digital scientific illustrations. Nauplius, 24: e2016017.
- Nunomura, N. 1984. Studies on the terrestrial isopod crustaceans in Japan. II. Taxonomy of the family Scyphacidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 6: 1-43.
- Nunomura, N. 2001. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans from Saipan, Northern Mariana, Micronesia. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum , 24: 1-17.
- Rioja, E. 1964. Descripción y algunos datos morfológicos de Alloniscus thalassophilus n. sp. del piso supralitoral de las costas mexicanas del Pacifico. Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 34: 285-306.
- Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 654: 1-341.
- Schmidt, C. 2003. Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, 79: 3-179.
- Schmidt, C. 2008. Phylogeny of terrestrial isopoda (Oniscidea): a review. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 66: 191–226.
- Schmölzer, K. 1974. Landisopoden aus Zentral- und Ostafrika (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 182: 147-200.
- Sfenthourakis, S. and Taiti, S. 2015. Patterns of taxonomic diversity among terrestrial isopods. ZooKeys, 515: 13-25.
- Stuxberg, A. 1875. Om Nord-Amerikas Oniscider. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32: 43-63.
- Vandel, A. 1968. Isopodes terrestres. p. 37-168. In: Institut Royal des Sciences de Belgique (ed), Mission Zoologique Belge aux Îles Galapagos et en Ecuador (N. et J. Leleup, 1964-65). Brussels, Musee Royale l’Afrique Centrale. vol. 1
- Verhoeff, K.W. 1928. Über einige Isopoden der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 76: 25-36, 113-123.
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1
This article is part of the special series offered by the Brazilian Crustacean Society in honor to Ludwig Buckup in recognition of his dedication and contributions to the development of Carcinology
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2
Guest Editors: Alessandra Angélica de Pádua Bueno and Sandro Santos
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Zoobank:
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
21 June 2018 -
Date of issue
2018
History
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Received
24 Dec 2017 -
Accepted
29 Mar 2018