Abstract
Specimens of lophogastrids were collected off Chile, including four first records: Ceratolepis hamata G.O. Sars, 1883 in the vicinity of Easter Island, Eucopia unguiculata (Willemoës-Suhm, 1875) the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Gnathophausia zoea Willemoës-Suhm, 1873 off Concepción, and Neognathophausia ingens (Dohrn, 1870) off Valparaíso. Additional records were also obtained for Chile for four species: Eucopia australis Dana, 1852, Eucopia grimaldii Nouvel, 1942, Fagegnathophausia gracilis (Willemoës-Suhm, 1875), and Paralophogaster sp. Based on these records, lophogastrids are now represented off Chile, in the southeastern Pacific, by nine species.
Keywords:
Biodiversity; Chile; Lophogastrida; Peracarida; southeastern Pacific
INTRODUCTION
The order Lophogastrida is little known worldwide and is considered more primitive than its closest and better-studied relative order Mysida. Species of Lophogastrida are considered of great importance in the links for energy conversion in the oceans, and they are considered as one of the main consumers of zooplankton in deep water. The scarcity of studies is in great part related to their habitat and the difficulty of routine sampling in deep waters (Meland and Willassen, 2007Meland K and Willassen E 2007. The disunity of “Mysidacea” (Crustacea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44(3): 1083-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.009
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02....
; Meland et al., 2015Meland K; Mees J; Porter M and Wittmann KJ 2015. Taxonomic Review of the Orders Mysida and Stygiomysida (Crustacea, Peracarida). PLoS ONE, 10(4): e0124656. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124656
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
).
Species of Lophogastrida inhabit both meso- and bathypelagic environments in the oceans worldwide (Castellani et al., 2017Castellani C; Lehtiniemi M and Meland K 2017. Crustacea: Lophogastrida and Mysida. p. 471-489. In: Castellani, C. and Edwards M(Eds.), Marine Plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.). They belong to three families: Lophogastridae G.O. Sars, 1870Sars GO 1870. Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Pt. 1. 1‒64, 5 pls. (K. Norske Viidenskab. Trondhjem, Christiania), Eucopiidae G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128., and Gnathophausiidae Udrescu, 1984Udrescu A 1984. Transpecific evolution (family level) within Lophogastrida. A new family-Gnathophausiidae (Lophogastrida, Mysidacea). Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 25: 59-77. (Meland and Willassen, 2007Meland K and Willassen E 2007. The disunity of “Mysidacea” (Crustacea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44(3): 1083-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.009
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02....
). According to Clarke (1962Clarke WD 1962. The genus Gnathophausia (Mysidacea, Crustacea), its systematics and distribution in the Pacific Ocean. PhD. Thesis. University of California, Berkeley, Oceanography. 251p.), the oldest record of a lophogastrid (group that gave rise to the GnathophausiaWillemoës-Suhm, 1873Willemoës-Suhm R von 1873. In: Wyville Thomson, Notes from the “Challenger”, VII. Nature, London, 8: 400‒403. https://doi.org/10.1038/008400a0
https://doi.org/10.1038/008400a0...
) was that of M. Sars who reported, in 1857, Lophogaster typicus in his report of the “Challenger” campaigns carried out between 1873 and 1876. Years later, G.O. Sars (1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.) recognized nine species in the genus Gnathophausia from different parts of the world (Ibarra and Hendrickx, 2008Ibarra-Rivera JS and Hendrickx ME 2008. Los géneros Gnathophausia y Neognathophausia (Malacostraca: Lophogastrida) en el Pacífico mexicano. In: Hendrickx ME (Ed.), Contribution to the study of East Pacific Crustacean 5(1). [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 5(1)]. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. 98p.).
Some of the most complete works dealing with the eastern Pacific lophogastrids are those by Tattersall (1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
) and Banner (1954Banner AH 1954. New records of Mysidacea and Euphausiacea from the northeastern Pacific and adjacent areas. Pacific Science, 8(2): 125‒139. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/e1644799-74f7-4329-b14b-af7100b7449d/content
https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/se...
), who studied the material from the “Americas” included in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Additional records of species, or new material of lophogastrids, were also reported by Austin (1985Austin WC 1985. Mysidacea. p. 559-563. In: An Annotated checklist of marine invertebrates in the cold températe northeast Pacific, Vol. 3. Vorino, Canada, Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. ), Brusca and Hendrickx (2005Brusca RC and Hendrickx ME 2005. Cap. 12. Crustacea 4. Lophogastrida, Mysida, Amphipoda Tanaideacea & Cumacea. p. 139‒154. In: Hendrickx ME, Brusca RC and Findley LT (Eds.), A Distributional Checklist of the Macrofauna of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Part I. Invertebrates. [Listado y Distribución de la Macrofauna del Golfo de California, México, Parte I. Invertebrados]. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 429p.), Ibarra and Hendrickx (2008Ibarra-Rivera JS and Hendrickx ME 2008. Los géneros Gnathophausia y Neognathophausia (Malacostraca: Lophogastrida) en el Pacífico mexicano. In: Hendrickx ME (Ed.), Contribution to the study of East Pacific Crustacean 5(1). [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 5(1)]. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. 98p.), Hendrickx (2019Hendrickx M.E. 2019. Species of Gnathophausiidae (Crustacea, Lophogastrida) collected off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico, during the TALUD cruises. Zootaxa, 4609(3): 449‒468. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4609.3.3
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4609.3....
), Hendrickx and López (2019Hendrickx M.E. and López, J. 2019. The deep-water lophogastrid Gnathophausia scapularis Ortmann, 1906 (Crustacea, Lophogastrida) in central America. Geomare Zoologica, 1(3): 143‒145. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-1
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
), and Huber et al. (2019Huber AF; Ribeiro FB and Araujo PB 2019. Further records of the opossum shrimp Neognathophausia ingens (Dorhn, 1870) (Peracarida: Lophogastrida: Gnathophausiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4577(2): 371-380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.9
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2....
). A complete checklist of lophogastrids occurring in the Mexican Pacific was proposed by Hernández-Payán and Hendrickx (2020Hernández-Payán JC and Hendrickx M.E. 2020. Revaluación de la fauna de Lophogastrida y Mysida (Crustacea: Peracarida) del Pacífico mexicano. Geomare Zoologica, 2(3): 49‒59. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-2
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
) who reported eight species from this area. Three families of Lophogastrida are represented in Chilean waters. Lophogastrida differs notably from the Mysida, with the major differences being well-developed gills on most thoracopods for both sexes, the presence of pleopods in both sexes, a marsupium consisting of seven pairs of oostegites in females, and the absence of a statocyst in the external branch of the uropod (Nouvel et al., 1999Nouvel H, Casanova J-P and Lagardère J-P 1999. 4. Ordre des Mysidacés (Mysidacea Boas 1883). p. 39-86.In: Forest J (Ed.), Traité de Zoologie. Tome VII. Crustacés. Fasc. IIIA. Crustacés Péracarides. Mémoires de l´Institut Océanographique, Monaco, 19. ), although some species of deep-sea Mysida, like the family Petalophthalmidae, also lack statocysts in the base of uropods and have oostegites. Pleural plates are present in the Lophogastridae and Gnathophausiidae and absent in Eucopiidae (except in EucopiaDana, 1852Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 13. Philadelphia: C. Sherman. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 13, 685p., atlas, 96 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124831
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). The Gnathophausiidae feature a long and thin rostrum, armed with small teeth, while in the Lophogastridae the rostrum is unarmed, short, and wide (Casanova et al., 1998Casanova JP; De Jong L and Faure E 1998. Interrelationships of the two families constituting the Lophogastrida (Crustacea: Mysidacea) inferred from morphological and molecular data. Marine Biology, 132(1): 59‒65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050371
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050371...
; Murano, 1999Murano M 1999. Mysidacea. p. 1099‒1140 p. In: Boltovskoy D (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Leiden, the Netherlands. Backhuys Publishers.).
Neognathophausia gigas (Willemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
) and Fagegnathophausia gracilis (Willemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
) (both previously belonged in the genus Gnathophausia) have been cited for the Chile-Peru and Iquique trench, respectively (Soto and Retamal, 1991Soto R and Retamal MA 1991. Gnathophausia gracilis Suhm, 1875 en aguas Chilenas (Mysida, Lophogastridae). Boletín de la Sociedad Biológica de Concepción, 62: 187‒188.). Brandt et al. (1998Brandt A; Mühlenhardt-Siegel U and Siegel V 1998. An account of the Mysidacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science, 10(1): 3‒11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102098000029
https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410209800002...
) cited Eucopia australisDana, 1852Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 13. Philadelphia: C. Sherman. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 13, 685p., atlas, 96 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124831
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item...
from the southern tip of South America.
Studies carried out by the former Soviet Union in the region indicate the presence of five species of lophogastrids in the vicinity of the seamounts of the Salas and Gómez and the Nazca mountain ranges (Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.).
During biodiversity studies of the Chilean mesopelagic zone, specimens of nine species of lophogastrids were collected, none of which had been previously recorded from the southeastern Pacific (SEP). This material is reported herein and includes new records for the Chilean fauna.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens reported here were collected by different expeditions off the coast of Chile. In the northern zone, material was obtained from the United Nations development project (FAO-UNDP CHI/87/007) between longitude 18º38'S and 21º47'S and from the coast to latitude 72º04'W. Other material was collected by the CIMAR programs of the National Oceanographic Committee expeditions to the Chilean Oceanic Islands (CIMAR 5, CIMAR 6, CIMAR 21, CIMAR 22), and to the Chilean fjords (CIMAR 14, CIMAR 25). Other expeditions included the MOPEX Expedition off Valparaiso, the ONR expedition off Concepción, and the ATACAMEX expedition in the Atacama trench off Antofagasta. Specimens were collected with an IKMT (Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl) net. The material examined is deposited in the Museum of the Sea of the Arturo Prat University. A restricted synonymy is provided for each species, including the prime synonymy and references relevant to this study.
RESULTS
Nine species were registered during this study, four of which are recorded for the first time in waters of the SEP off Chile:
Order Lophogastrida Boas, 1883Boas JEV 1883. Studien über die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Malakostraken. Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 8: 485-579, pls. XXI-XXIV. Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann.
Family Eucopiidae G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.
Genus Eucopia
Dana, 1852Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 13. Philadelphia: C. Sherman. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 13, 685p., atlas, 96 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124831
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item...
Eucopia australis
Dana, 1852Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 13. Philadelphia: C. Sherman. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 13, 685p., atlas, 96 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124831
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item...
Eucopia australisDana, 1852Dana JD 1852. Crustacea. Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 13. Philadelphia: C. Sherman. Philadelphia, C. Sherman, 13, 685p., atlas, 96 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124831
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item...
: 609-611, pl. 40 (10a-m). - Hansen, 1913Hansen HJ 1913. Report on the Crustacea Schizopoda: Collected by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901‒1903, Under the Charge of Baron Dr. Otto Nordenskjöld. 44 pp., 6 pls. G.E.C. Gad, Publisher, Copenhagen.: 8. pl. I, fig. 1a, b. - Illig, 1930Illig G 1930. Die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. p. 399‒625. In: Chun C (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898‒1899. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 22. : 404‒405. - Fage, 1942Fage L 1942. Mysidacea Lophogastrida II. Dana-Reports, 23: 1‒67.: 41‒47, figs. 28a, 29‒35. - Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 33 [distribution, remarks]. - Tattersall, 1955Tattersall OS 1955. Mysidacea. Discovery Reports, 28: 1‒190, 46 figs.: 48‒49, fig. 4C, D. - Birstein and Tchindonova, 1962Birstein JA and Tchindonova JG 1962. Mysidacea collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M/V ‘Ob’. Biological Report of the Soviet Antartic Expedition, 1: 58‒68.: 61. - Kathman et al., 1986Kathman RD; Austin WC; Saltman JC and Fulton JD 1986. Identification manual of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Canadian Special Publications Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, 93: 11-411. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs41-31-93-eng.pdf
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: 140‒141. - Wittmann, 1990Wittmann KJ 1990. Mysidacea. In: Sieg J and Wägele JW (Hrsgb.), Fauna der Antarktis. Paul Parey, Berlin, 130‒133. p://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19900660208.
https://doi.org/p://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz...
: 130, fig. 257.
Material examined. 3 females, station E-14 PNUD/Chi-87 (20°20'S 70°58'W) (Fig. 1).
Previous records from SEP. This is the first record from the SEP.
Geographic distribution. Cosmopolitan, meso- to bathypelagic, under 600 m depth (Mauchline and Murano, 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.).
Depth range. 600‒6,050 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
Eucopia grimaldii Nouvel, 1942Nouvel H 1942. Sur la systématique des espèces du genre Eucopia Dana (1852) (Crust., Mysidacea). Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique de Monaco, 818: 1‒8.
Eucopia grimaldiiNouvel, 1942Nouvel H 1942. Sur la systématique des espèces du genre Eucopia Dana (1852) (Crust., Mysidacea). Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique de Monaco, 818: 1‒8.: 5, 6, figs. 5, 6.
Eucopia grimaldii - Birstein and Tchindonova, 1962Birstein JA and Tchindonova JG 1962. Mysidacea collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M/V ‘Ob’. Biological Report of the Soviet Antartic Expedition, 1: 58‒68.: 61, 62. - Kathman et al., 1986Kathman RD; Austin WC; Saltman JC and Fulton JD 1986. Identification manual of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Canadian Special Publications Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, 93: 11-411. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs41-31-93-eng.pdf
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: 144, 145.
Eucopia grimaldi - Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.: 119.
Material examined. 2 females, station 4 CIMAR 21 (26º59'54''S 71º12'57''W).
Previous records from SEP. In the vicinity of the “Soldier” seamount (21º41'S 81º46'W) of the Salas & Gomez submarine ridge (Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.).
Geographic distribution. Pan oceanic from Alaska to the Antarctic (San Vicente, 2016San Vicente C 2016. An annotated check-list of lophogastrids (Crustacea: Lophogastrida) from the seas of the Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa, 4178(4): 481‒502. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.2
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178....
).
Depth range. 300-5,430 m (most commonly in about 2,000 m) (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.; Wittman, 2020aWittmann KJ 2020a. Lophogastrida and Mysida (Crustacea) from the deep-sea expedition “DIVA-1” to the Angola Basin (SE-Atlantic). European Journal of Taxonomy, 628: 1‒43. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.628
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.628...
).
Eucopia unguiculata (
Willemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
)
Chalaraspis unguiculataWillemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
: 40, pl. 8.
Eucopia unguiculata. - Hansen, 1905Hansen HJ 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Foren Kjobenhaven, 42: 1‒32. https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/261442.pdf
https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publication...
: 3. - Hansen, 1910: 20, 21, pl. I, fig. 3a. - Hansen, 1912: 187-188; - Hansen, 1927Hansen HJ 1927. Les Schizopodes. p. 9-27. In: Expédition scientifiques du «Travailleur» et du «Talisman» 1880-3. Paris, G. Mason.: 20. - Holt and W.M. Tattersall, 1906Holt EWL and Tattersall WM 1906. I.‒Preliminary notice of the Schizopoda collected by HMS ‘Discovery’ in the Antarctic Region. Journal of Natural History, 17(97): 1‒11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930608562484
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293060856248...
: 20 (and references therein). - Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 34 [distribution]. - Birstein and Tchindonova, 1962Birstein JA and Tchindonova JG 1962. Mysidacea collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M/V ‘Ob’. Biological Report of the Soviet Antartic Expedition, 1: 58‒68.: 62. - Austin, 1985Austin WC 1985. Mysidacea. p. 559-563. In: An Annotated checklist of marine invertebrates in the cold températe northeast Pacific, Vol. 3. Vorino, Canada, Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. : 560. - Kathman et al., 1986Kathman RD; Austin WC; Saltman JC and Fulton JD 1986. Identification manual of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Canadian Special Publications Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, 93: 11-411. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs41-31-93-eng.pdf
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c...
(and references therein): 145, 147, text figs. a, b, d, f, h. - Price et al., 2009Price WW; Heard RW and Vargas R 2009. Shallow water mysids. p. 229‒236. In: Wehrtmann IS and Cortes J (Eds.), Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America. Monographiae Biologicae, 86. Dordrecht, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8278-8_20
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8278-...
: 927.
Material examined. 1 male, station 26 CIMAR 22 (33º45'00''S 81º00'00''W); 1 male, station 34 CIMAR 22 (33º36'00''S 79º15'00''W); 2 females and one male, station 38 CIMAR 22 (33º00'00''S 73º00'00''W) (Fig. 1).
Previous records from SEP. First record from the Southeast Pacific.
Geographic distribution. Pan oceanic in tropical to Arctic waters, latitudes all along from Arctic to Antarctic oceans (Wittmann, 2020 b Wittmann KJ 2020b. Addenda to the Lophogastrida and Mysida of the “Valdivia” Expedition 1898-1899, with description of a new species of Longithorax Illig, 1906, and range extension in Echinomysis chuni Illig, 1905 (Crustacea: Malacostraca). Spixiana. Zeitschrift für Zoologie, 43(1): 81‒92. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Spixiana_043_0081-0092.pdf
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Spixiana_043_...
).
Depth range. 100-6,500 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
Family Gnathophausiidae Udrescu, 1984Udrescu A 1984. Transpecific evolution (family level) within Lophogastrida. A new family-Gnathophausiidae (Lophogastrida, Mysidacea). Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 25: 59-77.
Genus Fagegnathophausia
Petryashov, 2015Petryashov VV 2015. Taxonomy of Family Gnathophausiidae (Crustacea: Lophogastrida). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 41(4): 238‒243. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074015040112
https://doi.org/10.1134/S106307401504011...
Fagegnathophausia gracilis (
Willemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
)
Gnathophausia gracilisWillemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
: 33, pl. 9, fig. 1.
Gnathophausia gracilis - G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.: 48, pl. VII, figs. 6-10. - Ortmann, 1907Ortmann AE 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The families Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31: 23‒54. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1480.23
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1...
: 39. - Hansen, 1912Hansen HJ 1912. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific in charge by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XXVII. The Schizopoda. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 35: 173‒296.: 185, 186. - Fage, 1941Fage L 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida I. Dana-Reports, 19: 1‒52.: 27, fig. 27. - Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 28. - Pequegnat, 1965Pequegnat LH 1965. The bathypelagic mysid (Crustacea) and its distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 19(4): 399‒421. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984.pdf
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984....
: 409, fig. 6. - Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.: 119.
Gnathophausia brevispinis - Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of México, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” during 1891. XV. The stalk‒eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1‒292. https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page.html
https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page...
: 216, pl. J.
Gnathophausia dentataFaxon, 1893Faxon W 1893. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of México, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” during 1891. VI. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Crustacea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 24(7): 149‒220. https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page.html
https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page...
: 217.
Material examined. 1 male associated with the "centollón del norte" (Lithodidae) fishing offshore of Iquique in 2001; 1 male collected during the ATACAMEX expedition in 2018 to the Atacama trench.
Previous records from SEP. In the vicinity of the “Soldier” seamount (21º41'S 81º46'W).
Geographic distribution. Widely distributed from 34º N to 22ºS, bathypelagic (Mauchline and Murano, 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.; Soto and Retamal, 1991Soto R and Retamal MA 1991. Gnathophausia gracilis Suhm, 1875 en aguas Chilenas (Mysida, Lophogastridae). Boletín de la Sociedad Biológica de Concepción, 62: 187‒188.; Murano, 1999Murano M 1999. Mysidacea. p. 1099‒1140 p. In: Boltovskoy D (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Leiden, the Netherlands. Backhuys Publishers.).
Depth range. 500-5,225 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.; Wittmann, 2020 a Wittmann KJ 2020b. Addenda to the Lophogastrida and Mysida of the “Valdivia” Expedition 1898-1899, with description of a new species of Longithorax Illig, 1906, and range extension in Echinomysis chuni Illig, 1905 (Crustacea: Malacostraca). Spixiana. Zeitschrift für Zoologie, 43(1): 81‒92. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Spixiana_043_0081-0092.pdf
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Spixiana_043_...
).
Gnathophausia zoea
Willemoës-Suhm, 1873Willemoës-Suhm R von 1873. In: Wyville Thomson, Notes from the “Challenger”, VII. Nature, London, 8: 400‒403. https://doi.org/10.1038/008400a0
https://doi.org/10.1038/008400a0...
Gnathophausia zoeaWillemoës-Suhm, 1875Willemoës-Suhm R von 1875. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the “Challenger” Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1: 23‒59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00433.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875...
: 32, pl. 9, figs. 2-15. - G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.: 44. - Faxon, 1896Faxon W 1896. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and on the east coast of the United States, 1877-1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut. Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., Commanding. XXXVII: Supplementary notes on the Crustacea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 30(3): 153-166.: 164. - Ortmann, 1907Ortmann AE 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The families Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31: 23‒54. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1480.23
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1...
: 42, pl. 2, fig. 2a, b. - Hansen, 1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.: 17; - Hansen, 1912: 186. - Fage, 1941Fage L 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida I. Dana-Reports, 19: 1‒52.: 34. - Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 29. - Birstein and Tchindonova, 1958Birstein JA and Tchindonova JG 1958. The deep sea mysids of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologi, 27: 258‒355. [In Russian].: 261. - Pequegnat, 1965Pequegnat LH 1965. The bathypelagic mysid (Crustacea) and its distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 19(4): 399‒421. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984.pdf
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984....
: 410. - Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.: 119. - Brusca and Hendrickx, 2005Brusca RC and Hendrickx ME 2005. Cap. 12. Crustacea 4. Lophogastrida, Mysida, Amphipoda Tanaideacea & Cumacea. p. 139‒154. In: Hendrickx ME, Brusca RC and Findley LT (Eds.), A Distributional Checklist of the Macrofauna of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Part I. Invertebrates. [Listado y Distribución de la Macrofauna del Golfo de California, México, Parte I. Invertebrados]. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 429p.: 141.
Gnathophausia Willemoësii G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.: 38, pl. 5, figs. 1-6. - Faxon, 1895Faxon W 1895. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of México, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” during 1891. XV. The stalk‒eyed Crustacea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1‒292. https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page.html
https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page...
: 215, pl. K, fig. 1. - Ortmann, 1906 Ortmann AE 1906. Schizopods of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the Steamer “Albatross” in 1902. Bulletin of the U.S. Fishery Commission, 23(3): 961‒973.: 969.
Gnathophausia zoea sarsi - Ortmann, 1907Ortmann AE 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The families Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31: 23‒54. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1480.23
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1...
: 42.
Material examined. 1 specimen collected by the expedition ONR agt11 in front of Concepción (32º21'S 73º43'W) (Fig. 1).
Previous records from SEP. First record from the Southeast Pacific.
Geographic distribution. Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical zones of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, between 65°N‒37°S (Mauchline and Murano 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.; Lagardere, 1983Lagardère JP 1983. Les mysidacés de la plaine abyssale du Golfe de Gascogne 1. Familles des Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae et Petalophthalmidae. Bulletin du Muséum national d´Histoire naturelle, 5(3): 809‒843. https://archive.org/details/biostor-251735
https://archive.org/details/biostor-2517...
; Brusca and Hendrickx, 2005Brusca RC and Hendrickx ME 2005. Cap. 12. Crustacea 4. Lophogastrida, Mysida, Amphipoda Tanaideacea & Cumacea. p. 139‒154. In: Hendrickx ME, Brusca RC and Findley LT (Eds.), A Distributional Checklist of the Macrofauna of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Part I. Invertebrates. [Listado y Distribución de la Macrofauna del Golfo de California, México, Parte I. Invertebrados]. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 429p.; Hendrickx, 2019Hendrickx M.E. and López, J. 2019. The deep-water lophogastrid Gnathophausia scapularis Ortmann, 1906 (Crustacea, Lophogastrida) in central America. Geomare Zoologica, 1(3): 143‒145. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-1
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
).
Depth range. 400-6,050 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
Neognathophausia ingens ( Dohrn, 1870Dohrn A 1870. Untersuchungen über Bau und Entwicklung der Arthropoden. 8. Die Ueberreste des Zoëa-Stadiums in der ontogenetischen Entwicklung der verschiedenen Crustaceen-Familien. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 5: 471‒491. )
Lophogaster ingensDohrn, 1870Dohrn A 1870. Untersuchungen über Bau und Entwicklung der Arthropoden. 8. Die Ueberreste des Zoëa-Stadiums in der ontogenetischen Entwicklung der verschiedenen Crustaceen-Familien. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 5: 471‒491.: 610, pl. 31, figs. 12-14.
Gnathophausia ingens - G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.: 30, pl. II. - Ortmann, 1907Ortmann AE 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The families Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31: 23‒54. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1480.23
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1...
: 28, pl. II, fig. 1a. - Hansen, 1912Hansen HJ 1912. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific in charge by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XXVII. The Schizopoda. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 35: 173‒296.: 184, 185. - Fage, 1941Fage L 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida I. Dana-Reports, 19: 1‒52.: 15. -Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 25. - Clarke, 1961Clarke WD 1961. A giant specimen of Gnathophausia ingens (Dohrn, 1870) (Mysidace) and remarks on the asymmetry of the paragnaths in the suborder Lophogastrida. Crustaceana, 2(4): 313‒324. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854061X00446
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854061X00446...
: 313, fig. 1. - Birstein and Tchindonova, 1962Birstein JA and Tchindonova JG 1962. Mysidacea collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M/V ‘Ob’. Biological Report of the Soviet Antartic Expedition, 1: 58‒68.: 59. - Pequegnat, 1965Pequegnat LH 1965. The bathypelagic mysid (Crustacea) and its distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 19(4): 399‒421. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984.pdf
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5096984....
: 403, figs. 3, 4. - Kathman et al., 1986Kathman RD; Austin WC; Saltman JC and Fulton JD 1986. Identification manual of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Canadian Special Publications Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, 93: 11-411. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs41-31-93-eng.pdf
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c...
: 160. - Escobar-Briones, 2002Escobar-Briones E 2002. Cap. 13. Lophogastrida y Mysida. III. Grupos de Crustacea. Pp: 291-304 In: Llorente-Bousquets J and Morrone JJ (Eds.), Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: Hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Vol. 3. México, Conabio, Bayer, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM.: 295.
Gnathophausia calcarata G.O. Sars, 1885Sars GO 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873‒1876. Reports of the scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger Zoology, 13(37): 1‒128.: 35, pl. IV. - Ortmann, 1907Ortmann AE 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The families Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31: 23‒54. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1480.23
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.31-1...
: 30, pl. 1, fig. 2a-f.
Neognathophausia ingens - Petryashov, 1992Petryashov VV 1992. Notes on mysid systematics (Crustacea, Mysidacea) of Arctic and the North-Western Pacific. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 71(10): 47‒58. [In Russian].: 47, 48.
Material examined. 1 specimen damaged, station 38 CIMAR 22 (33º00'00''S 73º00'00''W) (Fig. 1).
Previous records from SEP. First record from the Southeast Pacific.
Geographic distribution. Cosmopolitan, between 40°N and 45°S (Mauchline and Murano, 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.).
Depth range. 225-3,914 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
Family Lophogastridae G.O. Sars, 1870Sars GO 1870. Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Pt. 1. 1‒64, 5 pls. (K. Norske Viidenskab. Trondhjem, Christiania)
Genus Ceratolepis G.O. Sars, 1883Sars GO 1883. Preliminary notices on Schizopoda of H.M.S. “Challenger” Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selkabet i Christiana, 7: 1‒43.
Ceratolepis hamata G.O. Sars, 1883Sars GO 1883. Preliminary notices on Schizopoda of H.M.S. “Challenger” Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selkabet i Christiana, 7: 1‒43.
Ceratolepis hamata G.O. Sars, 1883Sars GO 1883. Preliminary notices on Schizopoda of H.M.S. “Challenger” Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selkabet i Christiana, 7: 1‒43.: 4.
Ceratolepis hamata - Fage, 1941Fage L 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida I. Dana-Reports, 19: 1‒52.: 9-14, figs. 11-19. - Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.: 118.
Material examined. 4 females, station e-43 CIMAR-5 (27º00'30''S 109º12'17''W).
Previous records from SEP. In the vicinity of the seamounts “Rock” (25º58'S 100º41'W), “Ichthyologist” (25º07'S 99º35'W) and “Dome” (25º04'S 97º26'W) (Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.).
Geographic distribution. Samoa, Indo-Pacific between 10º and 25ºS, epi- and mesopelagic between 25 and 300 m (Mauchline and Murano, 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.).
Depth range. ?25-4,780 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
Genus Paralophogaster Hansen, 1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.
Paralophogaster glaber Hansen, 1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.
Paralophogaster glaberHansen, 1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.: 16, 17, pl. I, fig. 2a-n. - Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
: 22-24 [distribution, remarks].
Paralophogaster glaber pacificusVereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.: 119-122, fig. 1.
Material examined. 1 female and 2 males, station E-74 CIMAR 5 (26º28'06''S 105º10'45''W). In the vicinity of Salas and Gómez Islands. (Fig. 1).
Previous records from SEP. First record from the Southeast Pacific.
Geographical distribution. West Pacific Atlantic between 40ºN and 35ºS (Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
; Mauchline and Murano, 1977Mauchline J and Murano M 1977. World list of the Mysidacea, Crustacea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 64(1): 39‒88.).
Depth range. Surface to 310 m (Müller, 1993Müller HG 1993. World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Recent Mysidacea. Wissenschaftler Verlag, Tropical Products Trading Center, Wetzlar, Germany, 491 pp. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H. G. Müller, Wetzlar.).
DISCUSSION
Lophogastrids correspond to non-decapod pelagic organisms similar to shrimp, mostly with distributions limited to deep waters. Their records seem to be accidental in plankton samples, for which special sampling equipment for deep waters is required. In Chile they have been reported occasionally (Soto and Retamal, 1991Soto R and Retamal MA 1991. Gnathophausia gracilis Suhm, 1875 en aguas Chilenas (Mysida, Lophogastridae). Boletín de la Sociedad Biológica de Concepción, 62: 187‒188.).
The genus Eucopia contains nine valid species (Mees and Meland, 2012), including one fossil species (Eucopia praecursorSecretan and Riou, 1986Secretan S and Riou B 1986. Les Mysidacés (Crustacea, Peracarida) du Callovien de la Voulte-sur-Rhône. Annales de Paléontologie, 72: 295‒323†). Most species of this genus have a wide distribution and several are cosmopolitan (Kathman et al., 1986Kathman RD; Austin WC; Saltman JC and Fulton JD 1986. Identification manual of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Canadian Special Publications Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, 93: 11-411. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs41-31-93-eng.pdf
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c...
; Burghart et al., 2007Burghart SE; Hopkins TL and Torres JJ 2007. The bathypelagic Decapoda, Lophogastrida, and Mysida of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Biology, 152(2): 315‒327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0691-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0691-...
).
Eucopia australis has been cited for the SEP; however, the group of lophogastrids in the SEP present complexities in the taxonomic status of some of them. Three species of Eucopia have been recorded in the SEP, but the few records available do not allow establishment of distributional patterns in this area of the Pacific. Of these three species, E. grimaldii has been recorded in the vicinity of seamounts by Vereschaka (1990). The differences between the three species are relatively clear. The telson of E. unguiculata has a very truncate apex armed with two long spines, this character is unique to this species. In the case of E. australis and E. grimaldii, they can be differentiated by a series of characters such as the shape of the anterior margin of the carapace; i.e., broad in E. grimaldii and narrow in E. australis, the relationship between the length of the sixth pleonite and the length of the telson, and the shape of the end of the telson and its armature.
Species of Gnathophausidae are quite characteristic for their intense red color and their body ornamented with thorns and keels. The taxonomic status of the species of this family has been reviewed rather extensively and there is clarity in this regard (Meland and Aas, 2013Meland K and Aas PO 2013. A taxonomical review of the Gnathophausia (Crustacea, Lophogastrida), with new records from the northern mid-Atlantic ridge. Zootaxa, 3664(2): 199-225. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3664.2.5
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3664.2....
; Petryashov, 2015Petryashov VV 2015. Taxonomy of Family Gnathophausiidae (Crustacea: Lophogastrida). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 41(4): 238‒243. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074015040112
https://doi.org/10.1134/S106307401504011...
).
The family Lophogastridae is represented in the SEP by three species or subspecies, C. hamata, P. glaber glaber, and P. glaber pacificus. Ceratolepis hamata has been collected in the SEP only on two occasions, both in the vicinity of the seamounts of the Salas and Gómez Mountain ranges (Vereshchaka, 1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.; this study), and this record of C. hamata would be the westernmost limit of this species. Both subspecies of P. glaber are present in the SEP. According to Vereshchaka (1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.), the specimens collected in the vicinity of the seamounts of the Salas and Gómez Mountain range differ from the typical P. glaber, something that had already been noted by Bacescu (1981Bacescu M 1981. Crustacés: Mysidacea. p. 261‒276. In: Forest J, Résultats des Campagnes Musorstom I: Philippines, 18-28 mars 1976. Paris, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Avec le Concours du Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, 91.) in specimens from different locations analyzed in Bacescu (1981Bacescu M 1981. Crustacés: Mysidacea. p. 261‒276. In: Forest J, Résultats des Campagnes Musorstom I: Philippines, 18-28 mars 1976. Paris, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Avec le Concours du Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, 91.). The specimens recorded here match the original description of Hansen (1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.) and differ from that indicated by Vereshchaka (1990Vereshchaka AL 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Naska and Sala-i-Gomes Ridges. p. 118-128. In: Mironov AN and Rudjakov JA (Eds.), Plankton and benthos from the Nazka and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124.). The number of spines on the telson corresponds well with the original description of Hansen and that indicated by other authors (Hansen, 1910Hansen HJ 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition 1899-1900. (Siboga 1) Eq. 37: l‒24.; Tattersall, 1951Tattersall WM 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 201: 1‒292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16843...
; Bacescu, 1981Bacescu M 1981. Crustacés: Mysidacea. p. 261‒276. In: Forest J, Résultats des Campagnes Musorstom I: Philippines, 18-28 mars 1976. Paris, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Avec le Concours du Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, 91.).
In the Northeast Pacific, eight species of the order Lophogastrida have been cited (Ibarra and Hendrickx, 2008Ibarra-Rivera JS and Hendrickx ME 2008. Los géneros Gnathophausia y Neognathophausia (Malacostraca: Lophogastrida) en el Pacífico mexicano. In: Hendrickx ME (Ed.), Contribution to the study of East Pacific Crustacean 5(1). [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 5(1)]. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. 98p.; Hendrickx, 2019Hendrickx M.E. and López, J. 2019. The deep-water lophogastrid Gnathophausia scapularis Ortmann, 1906 (Crustacea, Lophogastrida) in central America. Geomare Zoologica, 1(3): 143‒145. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-1
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
; Hernández-Payán and Hendrickx, 2020Hernández-Payán JC and Hendrickx M.E. 2020. Revaluación de la fauna de Lophogastrida y Mysida (Crustacea: Peracarida) del Pacífico mexicano. Geomare Zoologica, 2(3): 49‒59. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-2
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
) of which four are present in the SEP: E. unguiculata, F. gracilis, G. zoea, and N. ingens.
Hernández-Payán and Hendrickx (2020Hernández-Payán JC and Hendrickx M.E. 2020. Revaluación de la fauna de Lophogastrida y Mysida (Crustacea: Peracarida) del Pacífico mexicano. Geomare Zoologica, 2(3): 49‒59. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-2
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
), taking into account the information reported by Austin (1985Austin WC 1985. Mysidacea. p. 559-563. In: An Annotated checklist of marine invertebrates in the cold températe northeast Pacific, Vol. 3. Vorino, Canada, Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. ), Brusca and Hendrickx (2005Brusca RC and Hendrickx ME 2005. Cap. 12. Crustacea 4. Lophogastrida, Mysida, Amphipoda Tanaideacea & Cumacea. p. 139‒154. In: Hendrickx ME, Brusca RC and Findley LT (Eds.), A Distributional Checklist of the Macrofauna of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Part I. Invertebrates. [Listado y Distribución de la Macrofauna del Golfo de California, México, Parte I. Invertebrados]. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 429p.), Ibarra and Hendrickx (2008Ibarra-Rivera JS and Hendrickx ME 2008. Los géneros Gnathophausia y Neognathophausia (Malacostraca: Lophogastrida) en el Pacífico mexicano. In: Hendrickx ME (Ed.), Contribution to the study of East Pacific Crustacean 5(1). [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 5(1)]. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. 98p.), Mees and Meland (2012Mees J and Meland K (Eds.) (2012 onwards). World List of Lophogastrida, Stygiomysida and Mysida. Birsteiniamysis Tchindonova, 1981. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. php?p=taxdetails&id=422824. Accessed on (January through June 2020).
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. php?...
), San Vicente (2016San Vicente C 2016. An annotated check-list of lophogastrids (Crustacea: Lophogastrida) from the seas of the Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa, 4178(4): 481‒502. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.2
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178....
), Hendrickx (2019Hendrickx M.E. and López, J. 2019. The deep-water lophogastrid Gnathophausia scapularis Ortmann, 1906 (Crustacea, Lophogastrida) in central America. Geomare Zoologica, 1(3): 143‒145. https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geomare/volumen-1
https://geomarerevista.wixsite.com/geoma...
), and Hernández-Payán (2020Hernández-Payán JC 2020. Biodiversidad y distribución de misidáceos pelágicos (Crustacea: Peracarida: Mysida) en aguas nerítico-oceánicas del Pacífico mexicano. Tesis de maestría, Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología , UNAM, Mazatlán, Sinaloa. 198p.), revaluated the fauna of Lophogastrida for the eastern Pacific (from Alaska to Chile) and concluded that there are 13 species of Lophogastrida known from this region. Based on this study, two species are added to this list (E. unguiculata, Eucopia sculpticaudaFaxon, 1893Faxon W 1893. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of México, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” during 1891. VI. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Crustacea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 24(7): 149‒220. https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page.html
https://decapoda.nhm.org/references/page...
) thus reaching a total of 15 species currently know from the eastern Pacific (Tab. 1).
Updated list of Lophogastrida species recorded in eastern Pacific waters (Alaska to Chile). Species reported in the Chilean Pacific in bold. FR = first record in Chilean waters.
Recent studies of deepwater have increased the number of species of the order Lophogastrida in Chilean waters (Fig. 1). However, a greater number of samples are required in the area as well as the use of specialized equipment to obtain stratified samples to determine the vertical distribution of the different species. It is also recommended to obtain new material not preserved in formaldehyde for genetic analysis to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks go to the CIMAR Ocean Islands Program of CONA, and to Dr. Rubén Escribano of the Millennium Institute of Oceanography. Dr. V. A. Gallardo is thanked for providing material from the ONR Expedition in front of Concepción and to the Vice-Rectory of Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies of the Arturo Prat University for the financing of the VRIIP0093-17 Project.
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Author Contributions
Conceptualization and Design: JCH-P. Performed research: JCH-P, GG, NOC. Acquisition of data: JCH-P, GG, NOC. Analysis and intepretation of data: JCH-P, GG, NOC. Writing - original draft: JCH-P, GG, NOC. Writing - critical review & editing: JCH-P, GG, NOC. -
Consent for publication
All the authors give their consent, approve, and give the go-ahead for the publication of this manuscript in their journal. -
Competing interests
There is no conflict of interest between the authors of this manuscript. -
Data availability
There is no problem for the availability of the data, the material used for this manuscript is deposited in museum collections. -
Funding and grant disclosures
The material reported in this study was obtained thanks to the financing of several projects, one of them was from the United Nations development project (FAO-UNDP CHI/87/007), another material was collected by the CIMAR programs from the Committee's expeditions. Oceanografico Nacional de las Islas Oceanicas de Chile (CIMAR 5, CIMAR 6, CIMAR 21, CIMAR 22) in addition to the Chilean fjords (CIMAR 14, CIMAR 25), also the material collected was obtained from the financing of the project VRIIP0093-17 by the Vice-Rector for Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies at the Arturo Prat University. -
Study Association
This study was carried out in association with different institutions and with the financing of different projects. -
Study permits
All necessary testing permits will be provided for the collection of material used in this research work. -
Zoobank:
Edited by
Associate Editor:
Data availability
There is no problem for the availability of the data, the material used for this manuscript is deposited in museum collections.
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
10 Nov 2023 -
Date of issue
2023
History
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Received
14 Nov 2022 -
Accepted
27 Apr 2023