Teoria Ator-Rede e análise organizacional: contribuições e possibilidades de pesquisa no Brasil

Alcadipani, Rafael; Tureta, César

doi:10.1590/S1984-92302009000400003

Resumos

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a Teoria AtorRede como uma alternativa epistemológica para a condução de pesquisa organizacional no Brasil. Enquanto uma perspectiva pósestruturalista, essa abordagem teoriza as organizações como o resultado momentâneo de processos e eventos que não obedecem a uma lógica semelhante. O foco está direcionado ao processo organizar ao invés de assumir organizações como entidades portadoras de diferentes subpartes que trabalham para um objetivo comum ou como algo dotado de fronteiras claras e que possuem significativa estabilidade. O artigo apresenta os principais elementos dessa abordagem e destaca suas possibilidades para a compreensão de organizações em nosso país.

Teoria atorrede; Pós-estruturalismo; Estudos organizacionais; Rededeatores; Organizar

This paper aims to discuss Actor Network Theory (ANT) as an epistemological alternative to conduct organizational studies in Brazil. Following a poststructuralist perspective, this approach theorises organization as outcomes of process and events that do not follow a similar or particular logics. Instead of assuming organizations as clear cut entities composed by different subsystems that work towards a common aim, it attempts to addresses how they are the outcome of organizing process, not something that has clearcut boundaries with considerable stability. The paper addresses the main aspects of ANT and attempts to highlight possibilities of its use to understand organizational phenomena in Brazil.

Actornetwork theory; Post-structuralism; Organizations studies; Organizing; Power

ARTIGOS

Teoria Ator-Rede^¹ 1 Embora alguns autores prefiram a designação em inglês (VIEIRA; CALDAS, 2006), optamos pelo uso da expressão em português, pois acreditamos que ela transmite essencialmente a idéia da perspectiva (ver PAIVA, 2004). e análise organizacional: contribuições e possibilidades de pesquisa no Brasil

Actor Network Theory organization analysis: contributions and research possibilities in Brazil

Rafael Alcadipani^I; César Tureta^II

^IPhD em Administração pela Manchester Business School (MBS). Prof. da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo EAESP/FGV. Endereço: Al. Lorena, n. 105/61, Jardins. São Paulo/SP. CEP: 01424000 Email: rafael.alcadipani@fgv.br

^IIDoutorando em Administração pela Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo EAESP/ FGV. Prof. da Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing ESPM/SP e do Centro Universitário FEI/SP. Email: cesartureta@gvmail.br

RESUMO

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a Teoria AtorRede como uma alternativa epistemológica para a condução de pesquisa organizacional no Brasil. Enquanto uma perspectiva pósestruturalista, essa abordagem teoriza as organizações como o resultado momentâneo de processos e eventos que não obedecem a uma lógica semelhante. O foco está direcionado ao processo organizar ao invés de assumir organizações como entidades portadoras de diferentes subpartes que trabalham para um objetivo comum ou como algo dotado de fronteiras claras e que possuem significativa estabilidade. O artigo apresenta os principais elementos dessa abordagem e destaca suas possibilidades para a compreensão de organizações em nosso país.

Palavras-chave: Teoria atorrede. Pós-estruturalismo. Estudos organizacionais. Rededeatores. Organizar

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to discuss Actor Network Theory (ANT) as an epistemological alternative to conduct organizational studies in Brazil. Following a poststructuralist perspective, this approach theorises organization as outcomes of process and events that do not follow a similar or particular logics. Instead of assuming organizations as clear cut entities composed by different subsystems that work towards a common aim, it attempts to addresses how they are the outcome of organizing process, not something that has clearcut boundaries with considerable stability. The paper addresses the main aspects of ANT and attempts to highlight possibilities of its use to understand organizational phenomena in Brazil.

Key words: Actornetwork theory. Post-structuralism. Organizations studies. Organizing. Power

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Artigo recebido em 16/04/2008. Artigo aprovado, na sua versão final, em 13/10/2009.

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ANDRADE, J. A. Redes de atores: uma nova forma de gestão das políticas públicas no Brasil? In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DA ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓSGRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: ANPAD, 2005. 1 CD ROM.
APPADURAI, A (Org.). A vida social das coisas: as mercadorias sob uma perspectiva cultural. Niterói: EdUFF, 2008.
BIJKER, W. E. Of bicycles, bakelites, and bulbs: toward a theory of sociotechnicalchange. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1995.
BLASS, L. M. da S. Desfile na avenida, trabalho na escola de samba: a dupla face do carnaval. São Paulo: Annablume, 2007.
BLOOMFIELD, B. P.; VURDUBAKIS, T. The outer limits: monsters, actor networks and the writing of displacement. Organization, Leicester, UK, v.6, n.4, p.625648, 1999.
BRASS, D. et. al. Relationship and unethical behavior: a social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, Ada,Ohio, v.3, n.1, 1998.
BROWN, S.; CAPDEVILA, R. Perpetuum mobile: substance, force and the sociology of translation. In: LAW, J; HASSARD, J. Actor network theory and after.Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
BUTTON, G. The curious case of the vanishing technology. In: ______ (Ed.). Technology in working order: studies of work, interaction and technology. London: Routledge, 1993.
CALÁS, M.; SMIRCICH, L. Past postmodernism? Reflection and tentative directions. Academy of Management Review, Ada,Ohio, v.24, n.4, p.649671, 1999.
CALDAS, M. P. Santo de casa não faz milagre: condicionantes nacionais e implicações organizacionais da fixação brasileira pela figura do estrangeiro. In: PRESTES MOTTA, F.; CALDAS, M. P. (Org.). Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira. São Paulo: Atlas, 1997, p.7393.
_______; ALCADIPANI, R. Americanização e póscolonialismo: a gênese da referência norteamericana na cultura e gestão no Brasil. In: CHANLAT, J.F; FACHIN, R.; FISCHER. T. (Org.). Análise das organizações: perspectivas latinas. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2006.
CALLON, M. Some elements of a sociology of translation: demystifications of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In: LAW, J. (Ed.) Power, action, and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.
______. Society in the making: the study of technology as a tool for social analysis. In: BIJKER, W.; HUGHES, T.; PINCH, T. The social construction of technological systems: new directions in the sociology and history of technology. London: MIT Press, 1987.
______; LATOUR, B. Unscrewing the big leviathan: how actors macrostructure reality and how sociologists help them do so. In: KNORRCETINA, K.; CICOURCEL, A.V. (Ed.) Toward an integration of micro and macro sociologies. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981.
_______; LAW, J. Agency and the hydrid collectif. The South Atlantic Quarterly, London, v.94, n.2, p 481507, 1995.
CARVALHO, C. A.; GOULART, S.; AMANTINODEANDRADE, J. Internacionalização subordinada. É possível subverter as regras do jogo! In: ENCONTRO NACIONALDA ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓSGRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: ANPAD, 2005. 1 CD ROM.
CASTREE, N. False antitheses? Marxism, nature and actornetworks. Antipode 34,[S.l.], n.1, 2002.
CAVALCANTI, M. L. V. de C. Carnaval carioca: dos bastidores ao desfile. Rio de Janeiro: Editora UFRJ, 2008.
CLEGG, S. Frameworks of power. London: Sage, 1989.
COLLINS, H. M.; YEARLEY, S. Epistemological chicken. In: PICKERING, A. A science as practice and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. p.396389.
COOPER, R.; BURRELL, G. Modernism, postmodernism and organization analysis: an introduction. Organization Studies, [S.l.], v.9, n.1, 1988.
CZARNIAWSKA, B. Narrating the organization: dramas of institutional identity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997.
______. Book review: reassembling the social an introduction to actornetwork theory. Organization Studies, [S.l.], v.27, p.15531557, 2006.
DE LAET; MOL. The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: machines of a fluid technology. SocialStudies of Science, [S.l.], v.30, n.2, p.225263, 1998.
EDGE, D. The social shaping of technology. In: HEAP, E.; THOMAS, R.; EINON, G.; MACKAY, H. Information technology and society. A reader. London: The Open University/Sage, 1994.
FOURNIER, V.; GREY, C. At the critical moment: conditions and prospects for critical management studies. Human Relation, [S.l.], v.53, n.1, p.732, 2000.
GARAVAN, T. et al. Actors in the HRD process. International Studies of Management & Organization, [S.l.], v.28 n.1, 1998.
GOLDWASSER, M. J. O palácio do samba: estudo antropológico da escola de samba Primeira de Mangueira. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1975.
GRINT, K.; WOOLGAR, S. The theories of technology. In: GRINT, K.; WOOLGAR, S. The machines at work. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.
HASSARD, J.; PARKER, M. (Ed.). Postmodernism and organizations. London: Sage, 1993.
IBARRACOLADO, E. Organization studies and epistemic coloniality in LatinAmerica: thinking otherness from the margins. Organization, Leicester, UK, v.13, n.4, 2006.
KOCH, C. Building coalition in an Era of Technological Change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, [S.l.], v.13, n.3, 2000.
LATOUR, B.; WOOLGAR, S. Laboratory life: the social construction of scientificfacts. Beverly Hills. London: Sage, 1979.
______. The powers of association. In: LAW, J. Power, action and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 32, 1986. p.264280.
______. Science in action. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University, 1987.
______. Technology is society made more durable. In: LAW, J. (Ed.). A sociology of monsters: essays on power, technology and domination. London: Routledge, 1991.
______. Where are the missing masses? The sociology of a few mundane artifacts. In: BIJKER, W.; LAW, J. Shaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical Change. London: MIT Press, 1992.
______. Trains of thought Piaget, formalism and the fifth dimension. Common Knowledge, [S.l.], v.6, n.3, p.170191, 1997.
______. On recalling ANT. In: LAW, J.; HASSARD, J. Actor network theory and after.Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999a.
______. Pandora's hope: essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999b.
______. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actornetwork theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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1

Embora alguns autores prefiram a designação em inglês (VIEIRA; CALDAS, 2006), optamos pelo uso da expressão em português, pois acreditamos que ela transmite essencialmente a idéia da perspectiva (ver PAIVA, 2004).

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
05 Set 2014
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2009

Histórico

Recebido
16 Abr 2008
Aceito
13 Out 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ALCADIPANI, R.; TURETA, C. Teoria atorrede e estudos críticos em administração: possibilidades de um diálogo. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, Rio de Janeiro, v.7, n.3, set., 2009.

[2] AMSTERDAMSKA, O. Surely you are joking, Monsieur Latour! Science, Technology, & Human Values, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 4, 1990.

[3] ANDRADE, J. A. Redes de atores: uma nova forma de gestão das políticas públicas no Brasil? In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DA ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓSGRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: ANPAD, 2005. 1 CD ROM.

[4] APPADURAI, A (Org.). A vida social das coisas: as mercadorias sob uma perspectiva cultural. Niterói: EdUFF, 2008.

[5] BIJKER, W. E. Of bicycles, bakelites, and bulbs: toward a theory of sociotechnicalchange. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1995.

[6] BLASS, L. M. da S. Desfile na avenida, trabalho na escola de samba: a dupla face do carnaval. São Paulo: Annablume, 2007.

[7] BLOOMFIELD, B. P.; VURDUBAKIS, T. The outer limits: monsters, actor networks and the writing of displacement. Organization, Leicester, UK, v.6, n.4, p.625648, 1999.

[8] BRASS, D. et. al. Relationship and unethical behavior: a social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, Ada,Ohio, v.3, n.1, 1998.

[9] BROWN, S.; CAPDEVILA, R. Perpetuum mobile: substance, force and the sociology of translation. In: LAW, J; HASSARD, J. Actor network theory and after.Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.

[10] BUTTON, G. The curious case of the vanishing technology. In: ______ (Ed.). Technology in working order: studies of work, interaction and technology. London: Routledge, 1993.

[11] CALÁS, M.; SMIRCICH, L. Past postmodernism? Reflection and tentative directions. Academy of Management Review, Ada,Ohio, v.24, n.4, p.649671, 1999.

[12] CALDAS, M. P. Santo de casa não faz milagre: condicionantes nacionais e implicações organizacionais da fixação brasileira pela figura do estrangeiro. In: PRESTES MOTTA, F.; CALDAS, M. P. (Org.). Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira. São Paulo: Atlas, 1997, p.7393.

[13] _______; ALCADIPANI, R. Americanização e póscolonialismo: a gênese da referência norteamericana na cultura e gestão no Brasil. In: CHANLAT, J.F; FACHIN, R.; FISCHER. T. (Org.). Análise das organizações: perspectivas latinas. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2006.

[14] CALLON, M. Some elements of a sociology of translation: demystifications of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In: LAW, J. (Ed.) Power, action, and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

[15] ______. Society in the making: the study of technology as a tool for social analysis. In: BIJKER, W.; HUGHES, T.; PINCH, T. The social construction of technological systems: new directions in the sociology and history of technology. London: MIT Press, 1987.

[16] ______; LATOUR, B. Unscrewing the big leviathan: how actors macrostructure reality and how sociologists help them do so. In: KNORRCETINA, K.; CICOURCEL, A.V. (Ed.) Toward an integration of micro and macro sociologies. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981.

[17] _______; LAW, J. Agency and the hydrid collectif. The South Atlantic Quarterly, London, v.94, n.2, p 481507, 1995.

[18] CARVALHO, C. A.; GOULART, S.; AMANTINODEANDRADE, J. Internacionalização subordinada. É possível subverter as regras do jogo! In: ENCONTRO NACIONALDA ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓSGRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: ANPAD, 2005. 1 CD ROM.

[19] CASTREE, N. False antitheses? Marxism, nature and actornetworks. Antipode 34,[S.l.], n.1, 2002.

[20] CAVALCANTI, M. L. V. de C. Carnaval carioca: dos bastidores ao desfile. Rio de Janeiro: Editora UFRJ, 2008.

[21] CLEGG, S. Frameworks of power. London: Sage, 1989.

[22] COLLINS, H. M.; YEARLEY, S. Epistemological chicken. In: PICKERING, A. A science as practice and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. p.396389.

[23] COOPER, R.; BURRELL, G. Modernism, postmodernism and organization analysis: an introduction. Organization Studies, [S.l.], v.9, n.1, 1988.

[24] CZARNIAWSKA, B. Narrating the organization: dramas of institutional identity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997.

[25] ______. Book review: reassembling the social an introduction to actornetwork theory. Organization Studies, [S.l.], v.27, p.15531557, 2006.

[26] DE LAET; MOL. The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: machines of a fluid technology. SocialStudies of Science, [S.l.], v.30, n.2, p.225263, 1998.

[27] EDGE, D. The social shaping of technology. In: HEAP, E.; THOMAS, R.; EINON, G.; MACKAY, H. Information technology and society. A reader. London: The Open University/Sage, 1994.

[28] FOURNIER, V.; GREY, C. At the critical moment: conditions and prospects for critical management studies. Human Relation, [S.l.], v.53, n.1, p.732, 2000.

[29] GARAVAN, T. et al. Actors in the HRD process. International Studies of Management & Organization, [S.l.], v.28 n.1, 1998.

[30] GOLDWASSER, M. J. O palácio do samba: estudo antropológico da escola de samba Primeira de Mangueira. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1975.

[31] GRINT, K.; WOOLGAR, S. The theories of technology. In: GRINT, K.; WOOLGAR, S. The machines at work. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.

[32] HASSARD, J.; PARKER, M. (Ed.). Postmodernism and organizations. London: Sage, 1993.

[33] IBARRACOLADO, E. Organization studies and epistemic coloniality in LatinAmerica: thinking otherness from the margins. Organization, Leicester, UK, v.13, n.4, 2006.

[34] KOCH, C. Building coalition in an Era of Technological Change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, [S.l.], v.13, n.3, 2000.

[35] LATOUR, B.; WOOLGAR, S. Laboratory life: the social construction of scientificfacts. Beverly Hills. London: Sage, 1979.

[36] ______. The powers of association. In: LAW, J. Power, action and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 32, 1986. p.264280.

[37] ______. Science in action. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University, 1987.

[38] ______. Technology is society made more durable. In: LAW, J. (Ed.). A sociology of monsters: essays on power, technology and domination. London: Routledge, 1991.

[39] ______. Where are the missing masses? The sociology of a few mundane artifacts. In: BIJKER, W.; LAW, J. Shaping technology/building society: studies in sociotechnical Change. London: MIT Press, 1992.

[40] ______. Trains of thought Piaget, formalism and the fifth dimension. Common Knowledge, [S.l.], v.6, n.3, p.170191, 1997.

[41] ______. On recalling ANT. In: LAW, J.; HASSARD, J. Actor network theory and after.Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999a.

[42] ______. Pandora's hope: essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999b.

[43] ______. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actornetwork theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

[44] LAW, J. On the methods of long distance control: vessels, navigation and the Portuguese rout to India. In: ______. Power action and believe: a new sociology of knowledge? Heley: Routledge, 1986 (Sociological review monograph, 32).

[45] ______. Technology and heterogeneous engineering: the case of the Portuguese expansion. In: BIJKER, W.; HUGHES, T.; PINCH, T. The social construction of technological systems: new directions in the sociology and history of technology. London: MIT Press, 1987.

[46] ______. Introduction: monsters, machines and sociotechnical relations. In: ______. Sociology of monsters: essays on power, technology and domination. London: Routledge, 1991.

[47] ______. Notes on the theory of the actor network: ordering, strategy and heterogeneity. Centre for Science Studies, Lancaster, UK: University Lancaster LA1 4YN, 1992. Disponível em: <http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/ LawNotesonANT.pdf>. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2005.

[48] ______. Organizing modernity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.

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