Studies using wind tunnel to simulate the Atmospheric Boundary Layer at the Alcântara Space Center

Marinho, Luciana P. Bassi; Avelar, Ana Cristina; Fisch, Gilberto; Roballo, Suelen T.; Souza, Leandro Franco; Gielow, Ralf; Girardi, Roberto da Mota

doi:10.5028/jatm.2009.01019198

Abstract:

The Alcântara Space Center (ASC) region has a peculiar topography due to the existence of a Coastal cliff, which modifies the atmospheric boundary layer characteristic in a way that can affect rocket launching operations. Wind tunnel measurements can be an important tool for the understanding of turbulence and wind flow pattern characteristics in the ASC neighborhood, along with computational fluid dynamics and observational data. The purpose of this paper is to describe wind tunnel experiments that have been carried out by researchers from the Brazilian Institutions IAE, ITA and INPE. The technologies of Hot-Wire Anemometer and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) have been used in these measurements, in order to obtain information about wind flow patterns as velocity fields and vorticity. The wind tunnel measurements are described and the results obtained arepresented.

Key words:
Alcântara Space Center (ASC); Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Windflow; Wind tunnel

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REFERENCES

Baker, D., 1986, "Why Challenger Failed", New Scientist, pp. 52-5, 11 sep.
Batchvarova, E., Gryning, S. E., 1998, "Wind Climatology, Atmospheric Turbulence and Internal Boundary-Layer Development in Athens During the Medcaphot-Trace Experiment", Atmospheric Environment, Vol.32, No. 12, pp. 2055-2069.
Cao, S., Tamura, T., 2006, "Experimental Study on Roughness Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Over a Two-dimensional Steep Hill", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. No. l, Vol. 94, pp. 1-19.
Elliott, W. P., 1958, "The Growth of the Atmospheric Internal Boundary Layer", Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol.39, No. 6, pp. 1048-1054.
Fisch, G., 1999, "Características do Perfil Vertical do Vento no Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes de Alcântara (CLA)", Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 11-21.
Góis, E. R. C., 2007, "Simulação Numérica do Escoamento em Tomo de Um Cilindro Utilizando o Método das Froenteiras Imersas", Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Computação e Matemática Computacional) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos.
Hara, T., Ohya, Y., Uchida, T., Ohba R., 2009, "Wind-Tunnel and Numerical Simulations of the Coastal Thermal Internal Boundary Layer", Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.l30, pp. 365-381.
Jegede, O. O., Foken, T., 1998, " A Study of the Internal Boundary Layer Due to a Roughness Change in Neutral Conditions Observed During the LINEX Field Campaigns", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 62, pp. 31-41.
Källstrand, B., Smedman, A. S., 1997, "A Case Study of the Near-neutral Coastal Internal Boundary-layer Growth: Aircraft Measurements Compared with Different Model Estimates", Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 85, pp. 1-33
Kingwell, J., Shimizu, J., Narita, K., Kawabata, H., Shimizu, I., 1991, "Weather Factors Affecting Rocket Operations: A Review and Case History", Bulletin American Meteorological Society, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 778-793.
Kwon, K. J., Lee J. Y., Sung, B., 2003, "PIV Measurements on the Boundary Layer Flow Around Naro Space Center", In: 5th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Busan, Korea. PIV'03 Paper 3121, Busan, Korea.
Liu, H.; Chan, J. C. L., Cheng, A. Y. S., 2000, "Internal Boundary Layer Structure Under Sea-breeze Conditions in Hong Kong", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 35, pp. 683-692.
Marques, R. F. C., Fisch, G., 2005, "As Atividades de Meteorologia Aeroespacial no Centro Técnico Aerospacial (CTA)", Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia. A Meteorologia e a Aeronáutica, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 21-25.
Mavroidis, I., Griffiths, D. J. H., 2003, "Field and Wind Tunnel Investigations of Plume Dispersion Around Single Surface Obstacles", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, No. 21, pp. 2903-2918.
Novak, M. D., Warland, J. S., Orchansky, A. L., Ketler, R., Green, S., 2000, "Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements of turbulent flow in forests. Part I: Uniformly Thinned Stands", Boundary Layer Meteorology. Vol.95, No. 3, pp. 457-495.
Pendergrass, W., Arya, S. P., 1984, "Dispersion in Neutral Boundary Layer Over a Step Change in Surface Roughness I. Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure", Atmospheric Enviroment, Vol. 18, pp. 1267-1279.
Pires, L. B. M., 2009, "Estudo da Camada Limite Interna Desenvolvida em Falésias com Aplicação para o Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara", 150f. Tese (Doutorado em Meteorologia) National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos.
Pires, L. B. M., Souza, L. F., Fisch, G. E., Gielow, R., 2009, "Numerical Study of the Atmospheric Flow Over a Coastal Cliff", International Journal Numerical Methods in fluids (submitted in corrections).
Raffel, M., Willert, C., Wereley, S., Kompenhans J., 2007, "Particle Imaging Velocimetry; A Practical Guide", Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Roballo, S. T., 2007, "Estudo do Escoamento Atmosférico no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) Através de Medidas de Torre Anemométrica e em Túnel de Vento", 130f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia) National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos.
Roballo, S. T.;, Fisch, G., 2008, "Escoamento Atmosférico no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA): Parte I -Aspectos Observacionais", Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, Vol. 23.
Santa Catarina, M. F., 1999, "Avaliação do Escoamento no Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes de Alcântara: Estudo em Túnel de Vento", 72f. Relatório Final de Atividades de Iniciação Cientifica, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Savelyev, S. A., Taylor, P. A., 2005, "Internal Boundary Layers: I. Height Formulae for Neutral and Diabatic Flows", Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 115, pp. 1-25.
Sempreviva, A. M., Larsen, S. E., Mortensen, N. G., Troen, I., 1990, "Response of Neutral Boundary Layers to Change of Roughness", Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 50, pp. 205-225.
Stull, R., 1988, "An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology", London: Kluwer.
Sugita, M.; Brutsaert, W., 1990, "Wind Velocity Measurements in the Neutral Boundary Layer above Hilly Prairie", Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. D6, pp. 7617-7624.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Jun 2009

History

Received
13 May 2009
Accepted
12 June 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Baker, D., 1986, "Why Challenger Failed", New Scientist, pp. 52-5, 11 sep.

[2] Batchvarova, E., Gryning, S. E., 1998, "Wind Climatology, Atmospheric Turbulence and Internal Boundary-Layer Development in Athens During the Medcaphot-Trace Experiment", Atmospheric Environment, Vol.32, No. 12, pp. 2055-2069.

[3] Cao, S., Tamura, T., 2006, "Experimental Study on Roughness Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Over a Two-dimensional Steep Hill", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. No. l, Vol. 94, pp. 1-19.

[4] Elliott, W. P., 1958, "The Growth of the Atmospheric Internal Boundary Layer", Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol.39, No. 6, pp. 1048-1054.

[5] Fisch, G., 1999, "Características do Perfil Vertical do Vento no Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes de Alcântara (CLA)", Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 11-21.

[6] Góis, E. R. C., 2007, "Simulação Numérica do Escoamento em Tomo de Um Cilindro Utilizando o Método das Froenteiras Imersas", Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Computação e Matemática Computacional) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos.

[7] Hara, T., Ohya, Y., Uchida, T., Ohba R., 2009, "Wind-Tunnel and Numerical Simulations of the Coastal Thermal Internal Boundary Layer", Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.l30, pp. 365-381.

[8] Jegede, O. O., Foken, T., 1998, " A Study of the Internal Boundary Layer Due to a Roughness Change in Neutral Conditions Observed During the LINEX Field Campaigns", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 62, pp. 31-41.

[9] Källstrand, B., Smedman, A. S., 1997, "A Case Study of the Near-neutral Coastal Internal Boundary-layer Growth: Aircraft Measurements Compared with Different Model Estimates", Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 85, pp. 1-33

[10] Kingwell, J., Shimizu, J., Narita, K., Kawabata, H., Shimizu, I., 1991, "Weather Factors Affecting Rocket Operations: A Review and Case History", Bulletin American Meteorological Society, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 778-793.

[11] Kwon, K. J., Lee J. Y., Sung, B., 2003, "PIV Measurements on the Boundary Layer Flow Around Naro Space Center", In: 5th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Busan, Korea. PIV'03 Paper 3121, Busan, Korea.

[12] Liu, H.; Chan, J. C. L., Cheng, A. Y. S., 2000, "Internal Boundary Layer Structure Under Sea-breeze Conditions in Hong Kong", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 35, pp. 683-692.

[13] Marques, R. F. C., Fisch, G., 2005, "As Atividades de Meteorologia Aeroespacial no Centro Técnico Aerospacial (CTA)", Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia. A Meteorologia e a Aeronáutica, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 21-25.

[14] Mavroidis, I., Griffiths, D. J. H., 2003, "Field and Wind Tunnel Investigations of Plume Dispersion Around Single Surface Obstacles", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, No. 21, pp. 2903-2918.

[15] Novak, M. D., Warland, J. S., Orchansky, A. L., Ketler, R., Green, S., 2000, "Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements of turbulent flow in forests. Part I: Uniformly Thinned Stands", Boundary Layer Meteorology. Vol.95, No. 3, pp. 457-495.

[16] Pendergrass, W., Arya, S. P., 1984, "Dispersion in Neutral Boundary Layer Over a Step Change in Surface Roughness I. Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure", Atmospheric Enviroment, Vol. 18, pp. 1267-1279.

[17] Pires, L. B. M., 2009, "Estudo da Camada Limite Interna Desenvolvida em Falésias com Aplicação para o Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara", 150f. Tese (Doutorado em Meteorologia) National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos.

[18] Pires, L. B. M., Souza, L. F., Fisch, G. E., Gielow, R., 2009, "Numerical Study of the Atmospheric Flow Over a Coastal Cliff", International Journal Numerical Methods in fluids (submitted in corrections).

[19] Raffel, M., Willert, C., Wereley, S., Kompenhans J., 2007, "Particle Imaging Velocimetry; A Practical Guide", Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.

[20] Roballo, S. T., 2007, "Estudo do Escoamento Atmosférico no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) Através de Medidas de Torre Anemométrica e em Túnel de Vento", 130f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia) National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos.

[21] Roballo, S. T.;, Fisch, G., 2008, "Escoamento Atmosférico no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA): Parte I -Aspectos Observacionais", Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, Vol. 23.

[22] Santa Catarina, M. F., 1999, "Avaliação do Escoamento no Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes de Alcântara: Estudo em Túnel de Vento", 72f. Relatório Final de Atividades de Iniciação Cientifica, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, Brazil.

[23] Savelyev, S. A., Taylor, P. A., 2005, "Internal Boundary Layers: I. Height Formulae for Neutral and Diabatic Flows", Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 115, pp. 1-25.

[24] Sempreviva, A. M., Larsen, S. E., Mortensen, N. G., Troen, I., 1990, "Response of Neutral Boundary Layers to Change of Roughness", Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 50, pp. 205-225.

[25] Stull, R., 1988, "An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology", London: Kluwer.

[26] Sugita, M.; Brutsaert, W., 1990, "Wind Velocity Measurements in the Neutral Boundary Layer above Hilly Prairie", Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, No. D6, pp. 7617-7624.

Brasil