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Original articles • Rev. bras. farmacogn. 24 (5) • Sep-Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.10.006 copy

Rupture of glandular trichomes in Ocimum gratissimum leaves influences the content of essential oil during the drying method

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Medicinal and aromatic plants are commonly sold dried; however, it is necessary to understand the effects different drying methods have on these materials, to ensure their efficiency and quality. Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae, is an aromatic plant whose essential oil is stored in glandular trichomes. This study aimed to confirm the effects of different drying temperatures and methods of O. gratissimum leaves on trichome integrity and essential oil content. Leaves dried in a forced ventilation oven at 60ºC display damaged trichomes and a reduction in the essential oil content. The different drying methods (oven, dehumidification and air drying) were not identified to elicit changes in the essential oil content or damage to trichomes. All of the drying methods showed a reduction in fungal contamination in a logarithmic cycle.

Basilicum; Eugenol; Lamiaceae; Micromorphological analysis

Compounds	RI	Temperature (ºC)
Compounds	RI	30	40	50	60
	930	0.11 ± 0.00	—	—	—
sabinene	978	0.31 ± 0.19	0.36 ± 0.01	—	—
mircene	991	0.30 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.00
(Z)-β-ocimene	1038	11.88 ± 2.16	12.19 ± 0.23	8.38 ± 2.61	8.14 ± 1.52
(E)-β-ocimene	1048	0.77 ± 0.13	0.68 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.00	0.37 ± 0.06
trans-4-thujanol	1070	0.44 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.08	0.66 ± 0.07	0.68 ± 0.08
terpinen-4-ol	1181	0.44 ± 0.07	0.50 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.00	0.70 ± 0.08
eugenol	1367	81.78 ± 2.52	81.07 ± 0.79	83.45 ± 3.27	82.16 ± 0.78
α-copaene	1382	0.29 ± 0.09	0.38 ± 0.03	0.52 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.07
β-bourbonene	1392	0.43 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.03	0.67 ± 0.03	0.78 ± 0.02
(E)-caryophyllene	1427	0.88 ± 0.06	0.99 ± 0.06	1.57 ± 0.13	1.59 ± 0.25
Germacrene D	1486	2.23 ± 0.17	2.34 ± 0.02	3.27 ± 0.12	3.28 ± 0.47
δ-cadinene	1526	0.24 ± 0.00	—	0.36 ± 0.12	0.35 ± 0.00
caryophyllene oxide	1589	0.21 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.00	0.48 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.11
cedr-8(15)-en-9-α-ol	1659	—	—	0.37 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.11
Total identified (%)		100.31 ± 0.56	100.1 ± 0.04	100.9 ± 0.75	100.1 ± 0.30
Compound class	C.V		Relative percentual
Phenylpropanoids	2.60	81.78^a	81.07^a	83.45^a	82.16^a
Monoterpenes	20.15	13.37^a	13.56^a	9.21^a	8.84^a
Oxygenated monoterpenes	28.65	0.88^a	0.94^a	1.05^a	1.38^a
Sesquiterpenes	14.21	4.07^a	4.21^a	6.39^b	6.63^b
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes	73.37	0.21^a	0.33^b	0.85^b	1.07^c

Compounds	RI		Drying methods
Compounds	RI	Oven at 50ºC	Dehumidifier	Ambient
sabinene	978	0.29 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.07
mircene	991	—	0.06 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.00
(Z)-β-ocimene	1038	7.13 ± 0.52	7.82 ± 0.09	9.32 ± 0.24
(E)-β-ocimene	1048	0.40 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.12
trans-4-thujanol	1070	0.45 ± 0.06	0.35 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.01
terpinen-4-ol	1181	0.44 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.06
eugenol	1367	84.28 ± 0.44	85.14 ± 0.15	84.36 ± 0.26
α-copaene	1382	0.39 ± 0.03	0.26 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.03
β-bourbonene	1392	0.67 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.05
(E)-caryophyllene	1427	1.63 ± 0.01	1.23 ± 0.05	1.39 ± 0.11
germacrene D	1486	3.36 ± 0.49	3.13 ± 0.21	2.65 ± 0.18
δ-cadinene	1526	0.31 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.01
caryophyllene oxide	1589	0.38 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02
cedr-8(15)-en-9-α-ol	1659	0.28 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.00
Total identified (%)		100.01 ± 0.16	100.01 ± 0.08	100.94 ± 0.04
Compounds class	C.V		Relative percentual
Phenylpropanoids	1.80	84.28^a	85.11^a	84.36^a
Monoterpenes	18.36	7.82^a	8.57^a	10.12^b
Oxygenated monoterpenes	6.49	0.99^a	0.63^a	0.84^a
Sesquiterpenes	8.33	6.36^a	5.34^a	5.16^a
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes	21.33	0.66^a	0.33^a	0.46^a

Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, 632 - Jd. Botânico, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Tel/FAX (41) 3360-4062 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbfgnosia.org.br

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