Total serum IgE and parasite: specific IgG and IgA antibodies in human strongyloidiasis

Rossi, Cláudio L.; Takahashi, Emilia E. H.; Partel, Cláudia D.; Teodoro, Lívia G.V.L.; Silva, Luiz J. da

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651993000400010

Abstracts

Total serum IgE, and Strongyloides - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were studied in 27 patients with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis. Clinical manifestations in this case series were investigated by a restrospective study of the patient's records. Total serum IgE levels were elevated (greater than 250 IU/ml) in 59% of the patients (mean concentration = 1364 IU/ml). Parasite - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in the serum of 23 (85.2%) and 21 (77.8%) patients, respectively. Elevated serum IgE and clinical manifestations were not useful indexes of the presence of strongyloidiasis. On the other hand, our results support the view that serologic tests, particularly ELISA for detecting Strongyloides - specific IgG antibodies, can be usefully exploited for diagnostic purposes in strongyloidiasis.

Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Immunodiagnosis

Níveis de IgE sérica total e anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA anti - Strongyloides stercoralis foram pesquisados, através de técnicas imunoenzimáticas, em 27 pacientes com estrongiloidíase comprovada por métodos parasitológicos. Manifestações clínicas nesta série de casos foram investigadas pelo estudo retrospectivo dos prontuarios dos pacientes. Os níveis de IgE sérica foram elevados (maior do que 250 UI/ml) em 59% dos pacientes (concentração média = 1364 UI/ml). Anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA anti - S. stercoralis foram detectados, respectivamente, em 23 (85.2%) e 21 (77.8%) pacientes. No presente estudo, níveis elevados de IgE sérica e manifestações clínicas apresentadas pelos pacientes não contribuíram significativamente para o diagnóstico de estrongiloidíase. Por outro lado, os resultados deste trabalho corroboram o ponto de vista que as técnicas sorológicas para a detecção de anticorpos específicos anti-S. stercoralis, particularmente as técnicas imunoenzimáticas para a detecção de anticorpos específicos da classe IgG, podem ser de grande utilidade para o diagnóstico da estrongiloidíase.

SEROLOGY

Total serum IgE and parasite - specific IgG and IgA antibodies in human strongyloidiasis

IgE sérica total e anticorpos IgG e IgA anti - S. stercoralis na estrongiloidíase humana

Cláudio L. Rossi^I; Emilia E. H. Takahashi^I; Cláudia D. Partel^I; Lívia G.V.L. Teodoro^I; Luiz J. da Silva^II

^IDepartamento de Patologia Clínica da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estatual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

^IIDepartamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

^{Address for correspondence} Address for correspondence: Dr. Cláudio L. Rossi Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas UNICAMP Caixa Postal 6111 13081 - 970 Campinas, SP, Brazil

SUMMARY

Total serum IgE, and Strongyloides - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were studied in 27 patients with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis. Clinical manifestations in this case series were investigated by a restrospective study of the patient's records. Total serum IgE levels were elevated (greater than 250 IU/ml) in 59% of the patients (mean concentration = 1364 IU/ml). Parasite - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in the serum of 23 (85.2%) and 21 (77.8%) patients, respectively.

Elevated serum IgE and clinical manifestations were not useful indexes of the presence of strongyloidiasis. On the other hand, our results support the view that serologic tests, particularly ELISA for detecting Strongyloides specific IgG antibodies, can be usefully exploited for diagnostic purposes in strongyloidiasis.

Key words: Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Immunodiagnosis.

RESUMO

Níveis de IgE sérica total e anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA anti - Strongyloides stercoralis foram pesquisados, através de técnicas imunoenzimáticas, em 27 pacientes com estrongiloidíase comprovada por métodos parasitológicos. Manifestações clínicas nesta série de casos foram investigadas pelo estudo retrospectivo dos prontuarios dos pacientes. Os níveis de IgE sérica foram elevados (maior do que 250 UI/ml) em 59% dos pacientes (concentração média = 1364 UI/ml). Anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA anti - S. stercoralis foram detectados, respectivamente, em 23 (85.2%) e 21 (77.8%) pacientes.

No presente estudo, níveis elevados de IgE sérica e manifestações clínicas apresentadas pelos pacientes não contribuíram significativamente para o diagnóstico de estrongiloidíase. Por outro lado, os resultados deste trabalho corroboram o ponto de vista que as técnicas sorológicas para a detecção de anticorpos específicos anti-S. stercoralis, particularmente as técnicas imunoenzimáticas para a detecção de anticorpos específicos da classe IgG, podem ser de grande utilidade para o diagnóstico da estrongiloidíase.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study was supported in part by a grant from Fundo de Apôio ao Ensino e a Pesquisa (FAEP)/UNICAMP.

Recebido para publicação em 07/12/1992

Aceito para publicação em 15/03/1993

1. ARMIGNACCO, O.; CAPECCHI, A. & DE MORI, P. - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Amer. J. Med., 86: 258, 1989.
2. BEZJAK, B. - Immunoglobulin studies in strongyloidiasis with special reference to raised serum IgE levels. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 24: 945 - 948, 1975.
3. CARROLL, S.M.; KARTHIGASU, K. T. & GROVE, D.I. - Serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 75: 706-709, 1981.
4. CARVALHO-FILHO, E. - Strongyloidiasis. Clin. Gastroent., 7: 179-200, 1978.
5. DE MESSIAS, I.T.; TELLES, F.Q.; BOARETTI, A.C.; SLIVA, S.; GUIMARRES, L.M. & GENTA, R.M. - Clinical, immunological and epidemiological aspects of strongyloidiasis in an endemic area of Brazil. Allergol. Immunopath., 15: 37-41, 1987.
6. FARIA, J.A.S. - Prevalęncia de Strongyloides stercoralis em escolares de 7 - 14 anos na cidade do Salvador. Gaz. méd. Bahia, 72: 59-63, 1972.
7. GAM, A.A.; NEVA, F.A. & KROTOSKI, W.A. - Comparative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and IHA for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis with larval antigens. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 37: 157-161, 1987.
8. GENTA, R.M. Predictive value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Amer. J. clin. Path., 89: 391-394, 1988.
9. GENTA, R.M. - Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis: critical review with epidemiologic insights into the prevention of disseminated disease. Rev. infect. Dis., 11: 755-767, 1989.
10. GENTA, R.M.; DOUCE, R.W. & WALZER, P.D. - Diagnostic implications of parasite - specific immune responses in immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis. J. clin. Microbiol., 23: 1099-1103, 1986.
11. GENTA, R.M.; FREI, D.F. & LINKE, M.J. - Demonstration and partial characterization of parasite - specific immunoglobulin A responses in human strongyloidiasis. J. clin. Microbiol., 25: 1505-1510, 1987.
12. GENTA, R.M.; GATTI, S.; LINKE, M.J.; CEVINI, C. & SCAGLIA, M. - Endemic strongyloidiasis in Northern Italy: clinical and immunological aspects. Quart. J. Med., 258: 679-690, 1988.
13. GILL, G.V. & BAILEY, J.W. - Eosinophilia as a marker for chronic strongyloidiasis - use of a serum ELISA test to detect asymptomatic cases. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 83: 249-252, 1989.
14. GROVE, D.I. - Strongyloidiasis in Allied ex-prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. Brit. med. J., 280: 598-601, 1980.
15. HOFFMAN, W.A.; PONS, J.A. & JANER, J.L. - The sedimentation-concentration method in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Puerto Rico J. publ. Hlth., 9: 281-298, 1934.
16. IGRA-SIEGMAN, Y.; KAPILA, R.; SEN, P.; KAMINSKI, Z.C. & LOURIA, D.B. - Syndrome of hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis. Rev. infect. Dis., 3: 397-407, 1981.
17. MAC RURY, J.; DE MESSIAS, I.T.; WALZER, P.D.; HUITGER, T. & GENTA, R.M. - Specific IgE responses in human strongyloidiasis. Clin. exp. Immunol., 65: 631-638, 1986.
18. MILDER, J.E.; WALZER, P.D.; KILGORE, G.; RUTHERFORD, I. & KLEIN, M. - Clinical features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Gastroenterology, 80: 1481-1488, 1981.
19. NEVA, F.A. - Biology and immunology of human strongyloidiasis. J. infect. Dis., 153: 397-407, 1986.
20. NEVA, F.A.; GAM, A.A. & BURKE, J. - Comparison of larval antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for strongyloidiasis in humans. J. infect. Dis., 144: 427-432, 1981.
21. PELLETIER, L.L. - Chronic strongyloidiasis in World War II far east ex-prisoners of war. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 33: 55-61, 1984.
22. RUGAI, E.; MATTOS, T. & BRISOLA, A.P. - Nova técnica para isolar larvas de nematóides de fezes; modificaçăo do método de Baermann. Rev. Inst. A. Lutz (S.Paulo), 14: 5-8, 1954.
23. SATO, Y.; INOUE, F.; MATSUYAMA, R. & SHIROMA, Y. - Immunoblot analysis of antibodies in human strongyloidiasis. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84: 403-406, 1990.
24. SATO, Y.; TAKARA, M. & OTSURU, M. - Detection of antibodies in strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 79: 51-55, 1985.
25. WALZER, P.D.; MILDER, J.E.; BANWELL, J.G.; KILGORE, G.; KLEIN, M. & PARKER, R. - Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 313-319, 1982.

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Cláudio L. Rossi

Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas UNICAMP

Caixa Postal 6111

13081 - 970 Campinas, SP, Brazil

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
21 July 2006
Date of issue
Aug 1993

History

Received
07 Dec 1992
Accepted
15 Mar 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ARMIGNACCO, O.; CAPECCHI, A. & DE MORI, P. - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Amer. J. Med., 86: 258, 1989.

[2] 2. BEZJAK, B. - Immunoglobulin studies in strongyloidiasis with special reference to raised serum IgE levels. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 24: 945 - 948, 1975.

[3] 3. CARROLL, S.M.; KARTHIGASU, K. T. & GROVE, D.I. - Serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 75: 706-709, 1981.

[4] 4. CARVALHO-FILHO, E. - Strongyloidiasis. Clin. Gastroent., 7: 179-200, 1978.

[5] 5. DE MESSIAS, I.T.; TELLES, F.Q.; BOARETTI, A.C.; SLIVA, S.; GUIMARRES, L.M. & GENTA, R.M. - Clinical, immunological and epidemiological aspects of strongyloidiasis in an endemic area of Brazil. Allergol. Immunopath., 15: 37-41, 1987.

[6] 6. FARIA, J.A.S. - Prevalęncia de Strongyloides stercoralis em escolares de 7 - 14 anos na cidade do Salvador. Gaz. méd. Bahia, 72: 59-63, 1972.

[7] 7. GAM, A.A.; NEVA, F.A. & KROTOSKI, W.A. - Comparative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and IHA for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis with larval antigens. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 37: 157-161, 1987.

[8] 8. GENTA, R.M. Predictive value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Amer. J. clin. Path., 89: 391-394, 1988.

[9] 9. GENTA, R.M. - Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis: critical review with epidemiologic insights into the prevention of disseminated disease. Rev. infect. Dis., 11: 755-767, 1989.

[10] 10. GENTA, R.M.; DOUCE, R.W. & WALZER, P.D. - Diagnostic implications of parasite - specific immune responses in immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis. J. clin. Microbiol., 23: 1099-1103, 1986.

[11] 11. GENTA, R.M.; FREI, D.F. & LINKE, M.J. - Demonstration and partial characterization of parasite - specific immunoglobulin A responses in human strongyloidiasis. J. clin. Microbiol., 25: 1505-1510, 1987.

[12] 12. GENTA, R.M.; GATTI, S.; LINKE, M.J.; CEVINI, C. & SCAGLIA, M. - Endemic strongyloidiasis in Northern Italy: clinical and immunological aspects. Quart. J. Med., 258: 679-690, 1988.

[13] 13. GILL, G.V. & BAILEY, J.W. - Eosinophilia as a marker for chronic strongyloidiasis - use of a serum ELISA test to detect asymptomatic cases. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 83: 249-252, 1989.

[14] 14. GROVE, D.I. - Strongyloidiasis in Allied ex-prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. Brit. med. J., 280: 598-601, 1980.

[15] 15. HOFFMAN, W.A.; PONS, J.A. & JANER, J.L. - The sedimentation-concentration method in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Puerto Rico J. publ. Hlth., 9: 281-298, 1934.

[16] 16. IGRA-SIEGMAN, Y.; KAPILA, R.; SEN, P.; KAMINSKI, Z.C. & LOURIA, D.B. - Syndrome of hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis. Rev. infect. Dis., 3: 397-407, 1981.

[17] 17. MAC RURY, J.; DE MESSIAS, I.T.; WALZER, P.D.; HUITGER, T. & GENTA, R.M. - Specific IgE responses in human strongyloidiasis. Clin. exp. Immunol., 65: 631-638, 1986.

[18] 18. MILDER, J.E.; WALZER, P.D.; KILGORE, G.; RUTHERFORD, I. & KLEIN, M. - Clinical features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Gastroenterology, 80: 1481-1488, 1981.

[19] 19. NEVA, F.A. - Biology and immunology of human strongyloidiasis. J. infect. Dis., 153: 397-407, 1986.

[20] 20. NEVA, F.A.; GAM, A.A. & BURKE, J. - Comparison of larval antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for strongyloidiasis in humans. J. infect. Dis., 144: 427-432, 1981.

[21] 21. PELLETIER, L.L. - Chronic strongyloidiasis in World War II far east ex-prisoners of war. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 33: 55-61, 1984.

[22] 22. RUGAI, E.; MATTOS, T. & BRISOLA, A.P. - Nova técnica para isolar larvas de nematóides de fezes; modificaçăo do método de Baermann. Rev. Inst. A. Lutz (S.Paulo), 14: 5-8, 1954.

[23] 23. SATO, Y.; INOUE, F.; MATSUYAMA, R. & SHIROMA, Y. - Immunoblot analysis of antibodies in human strongyloidiasis. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84: 403-406, 1990.

[24] 24. SATO, Y.; TAKARA, M. & OTSURU, M. - Detection of antibodies in strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 79: 51-55, 1985.

[25] 25. WALZER, P.D.; MILDER, J.E.; BANWELL, J.G.; KILGORE, G.; KLEIN, M. & PARKER, R. - Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 313-319, 1982.

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