Basidiomycosis: a review of the literature

Lacaz, Carlos da Silva; Heins-Vaccari, Elisabeth Maria; Melo, Natalina Takashi de; Hernandez-Arriagada, Giovanna Letícia

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651996000500011

Abstracts

The basidiomycosis, fungal infections provoked by basidiomycetes or agaric fungi have been recorded at growing frequencies in the medical literature, especially after the advent of AIDS in 1991. The basidiospores of these fungi, scattered in the atmosphere and transported by winds or air currents, reach the maxillary sinuses through the nasal route, most of the times causing signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Basidiomycetes have also been isolated from sputum, especially Schizophyllum commune. Lesions of the buccal mucosa, brain abscesses, onychomycosis and endocarditis have been described, with a growing interest in this type of deep mycosis on the part of mycologists and infectologists. The present paper reports descriptions of mycetism as well as infectious processes caused by basidiomycetes, such as Schizophyllum commune, Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae) and Coprinus cinereus

Basidiomycosis

As basidiomicoses, infecções fúngicas provocadas por basidiomicetos ou agáricos vêm sendo registradas cada vez com maior frequência na literatura médica, principalmente após o advento da AIDS/SIDA, em 1981. Os basidiosporos desses fungos, espalhados na atmosfera e veiculados através do vento ou de correntes aéreas, atingem por via nasal os seios maxilares, provocando quadros de sinusite crônica, na maioria das vezes. Do escarro também têm sido isolados basidiomicetos, principalmente o Schizophyllum commune. Lesões da mucosa da boca, abscessos cerebrais, onicomicoses e endocardites já foram descritas, aumentando o interesse dos micologistas e infectologistas para este tipo de micose profunda. O presente trabalho assinala, ao lado dos quadros dc micetismo, processos infecciosos provocados por basidiomicetos, a exemplo do Schizophyllum commune, Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae) e Coprinus cinereus.

INVITED REVIEW

Basidiomycosis: a review of the literature

Basidiomicoses: revisão da literatura

Carlos da Silva Lacaz; Elisabeth Maria Heins-Vaccari; Natalina Takashi de Melo; Giovanna Letícia Hernandez-Arriagada

Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Prof. Carlos da Silva Lacaz Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500 - térreo CEP 05403-000 - São Paulo, Brazil Fax: 55-11-852-3622 E-mail: vaiacaz@spider.usp.br

SUMMARY

The basidiomycosis, fungal infections provoked by basidiomycetes or agaric fungi have been recorded at growing frequencies in the medical literature, especially after the advent of AIDS in 1991. The basidiospores of these fungi, scattered in the atmosphere and transported by winds or air currents, reach the maxillary sinuses through the nasal route, most of the times causing signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Basidiomycetes have also been isolated from sputum, especially Schizophyllum commune. Lesions of the buccal mucosa, brain abscesses, onychomycosis and endocarditis have been described, with a growing interest in this type of deep mycosis on the part of mycologists and infectologists. The present paper reports descriptions of mycetism as well as infectious processes caused by basidiomycetes, such as Schizophyllum commune, Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae) and Coprinus cinereus.

Keywords: Basidiomycosis - Review

RESUMO

As basidiomicoses, infecções fúngicas provocadas por basidiomicetos ou agáricos vêm sendo registradas cada vez com maior frequência na literatura médica, principalmente após o advento da AIDS/SIDA, em 1981. Os basidiosporos desses fungos, espalhados na atmosfera e veiculados através do vento ou de correntes aéreas, atingem por via nasal os seios maxilares, provocando quadros de sinusite crônica, na maioria das vezes. Do escarro também têm sido isolados basidiomicetos, principalmente o Schizophyllum commune. Lesões da mucosa da boca, abscessos cerebrais, onicomicoses e endocardites já foram descritas, aumentando o interesse dos micologistas e infectologistas para este tipo de micose profunda. O presente trabalho assinala, ao lado dos quadros dc micetismo, processos infecciosos provocados por basidiomicetos, a exemplo do Schizophyllum commune, Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae) e Coprinus cinereus.

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1. CHAVES BATISTA, A.; MAIA, J.A. & SINGER, R. - Basidioneuromycosis on man. An. Soc. Biol. Pernambuco, 13: 52-60, 1955.
2. CIFERRI, R.; BATISTA, A.C. & CAMPOS, S. - Isolation of Schizophyllum commune from a sputum. Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittogam. Univ. Pavia, 14: 118-120, 1956.
3. COONEY, D.G. & EMERSON, R. - Thermophilic fungi. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman, 1964.
4. de HOOG, G.S. & GUARRO, J. ed. - Atlas of clinical fungi. Baar, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1995.
5. de VRIES, G.A.; KEMP, R.F.O. & SPELLER, D.C.E. - Endocarditis caused by Coprinus delicatulus. In: C.R. DE COMUNICATIONS V CONGRČS DE LA SOCIETÉ INTERNATIONALE DE MYCOLOGIE HUMAINE ET ANIMALE. Paris, 5-11 Juillet, 1971. p. 185-186.
6. EMMONS, C.W. - Isolation of Mycotrichum and Gymnoascus from the lungs of animals. Mycologia, 46: 334-338, 1954.
7. FIDALGO, O. & FIDALGO, M.E.P.K. - Dicionário micológico. Rickia (supl.2), 1967.
8. GREER, D.L. - Basidiomycetes as agents of human infections: a review. Mycopathologia (Den Haag), 65: 133-139, 1978.
9. GREER, D.L. & BOLANOS, B. - Pathogenic potential of Schizophyllum commune isolated from a human case. Sabouraudia, 12: 233-244, 1971.
10. GUZMÁN, G. - Identificación de los hongos comestibles, venenosos, alucinantes y destructores de la madera. México. Editorial Limusa, 1979.
11. HAWKSWORTH, D.L.; KIRK, P.M.; SUTTON, B.C. & PEGLER, D.N. - Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi. 8. ed. Bakeham Lane, Surrey, International Mycological Institute, 1995.
12. HERRERA, T. & ULLOA, M. - El reino de los hongos. Micologia básica y aplicada. México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1990.
13. JOLY, A.B. - Botânica. Introduçăo ŕ taxonomia vegetal. 2. ed. Săo Paulo. Companhia Editora Nacional; Editora da Universidade de Săo Paulo, 1975.
14. KAMEI, K.; UNNO, H.; NAGAO, K. el al. - Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Clin infect. Dis., 18: 305-308, 1994.
15. KERN, M.E. & UECKER, F.A. - Maxillary sinus infection caused by the homobasidiomycetous fungus. Schizophyllum commune. J. clin. Microbiol., 23: 1001-1005, 1986.
16. KLIGMAN, A.M. - A basidiomycete probably causing onycomycosis. J. invest. Derm., 14: 67-70, 1950.
17. MARLIER, S.; JAUREGUIBERRY, J.P. De; AGUILLON, P. et al. - Sinusite chronique due a Schizophyllum commune au cours du SIDA. Presse méd., 22: 1107, 1993.
18. MOORE, M.; RUSSEL, W.O. & SACHS, E. - Chronic leptomeningitis and ependymitis caused by Ustilago, probable Ustilago zeae (corn smut). Ustilagomycosis, the second reported instance of human infection. Amer. J. Path., 22: 761-777, 1946.
19. OLIVEIRA LIMA, A. - Rinite perene e asma brônquica por sensibilizaçăo aos esporos de Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rost. Hospital (Rio de J.), 41: 719-725, 1952.
20. PREININGER, T. - Durch maisbrand (Ustilago maydis) bedingte dermatomykose. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Berl.), 176: 109-113, 1937-1938.
21. RESTREPO, A.; GREER, D.L.; ROBLEDO, M.; OSORIO, O. & MONDRAGÓN, H. - Ulceration of the palate caused by a basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Sabouraudia, 9: 201-204, 1971.
22. RIHS, J.D.; PADHYE, A.A. & GOOD, C.B. - Brain abscess caused by Schyzophyllum commune: an emerging basidiomycete pathogen. J. clin. Microbiol., 34: 1328-1632, 1996.
23. ROSENTHAL, J.; KATZ, R.; DUBOIS, D.B.; MORRISSEY, A. & MACHICAO, A. - Chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with the mushroom Schyzophyllum commune in a patient with AIDS. Clin. infect. Dis., 14: 46-48, 1992.
24. RUMACK, B.H. & SALZMAN, E. - Mushroom poisoning. Diagnosis and treatment. West Beach, CRC Press, 1978.
25. SCHVARTSMAN, S. - Plantas venenosas e animais peçonhentos. 2. ed. Săo Paulo, Sarvier, 1992.
26. SIGLER, L.; MAZA, L.M.; TAN, G.; EGGER, K.N. & SHERBURNE, R.K. - Diagnostic difficulties caused by nonclamped Schizophyllum commune isolate in a case of fungus ball of the lung. J. clin. Microbiol., 33: 1979-1983, 1995.
27. SPELLER, D.C.E. & MacIVER, A.G. - Endocarditis caused by a Coprinus species a fungus of the toadstool group. J. med. Microbiol., 4: 370-374, 1971.
28. SUMMERBELL, R.C. - The Benomyl test as a fundamental diagnostic method for medical mycology. J. clin. Microbiol., 31: 572-577, 1993.
29. WATLING, R. & SWEENEY, J. - Observations on Schizophyllum commune Fries. Sabouraudia, 12: 214-226, 1974.

Correspondence to:

Prof. Carlos da Silva Lacaz

Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500 - térreo

CEP 05403-000 - São Paulo, Brazil

Fax: 55-11-852-3622

E-mail:

vaiacaz@spider.usp.br

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
22 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Oct 1996

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. CHAVES BATISTA, A.; MAIA, J.A. & SINGER, R. - Basidioneuromycosis on man. An. Soc. Biol. Pernambuco, 13: 52-60, 1955.

[2] 2. CIFERRI, R.; BATISTA, A.C. & CAMPOS, S. - Isolation of Schizophyllum commune from a sputum. Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittogam. Univ. Pavia, 14: 118-120, 1956.

[3] 3. COONEY, D.G. & EMERSON, R. - Thermophilic fungi. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman, 1964.

[4] 4. de HOOG, G.S. & GUARRO, J. ed. - Atlas of clinical fungi. Baar, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1995.

[5] 5. de VRIES, G.A.; KEMP, R.F.O. & SPELLER, D.C.E. - Endocarditis caused by Coprinus delicatulus. In: C.R. DE COMUNICATIONS V CONGRČS DE LA SOCIETÉ INTERNATIONALE DE MYCOLOGIE HUMAINE ET ANIMALE. Paris, 5-11 Juillet, 1971. p. 185-186.

[6] 6. EMMONS, C.W. - Isolation of Mycotrichum and Gymnoascus from the lungs of animals. Mycologia, 46: 334-338, 1954.

[7] 7. FIDALGO, O. & FIDALGO, M.E.P.K. - Dicionário micológico. Rickia (supl.2), 1967.

[8] 8. GREER, D.L. - Basidiomycetes as agents of human infections: a review. Mycopathologia (Den Haag), 65: 133-139, 1978.

[9] 9. GREER, D.L. & BOLANOS, B. - Pathogenic potential of Schizophyllum commune isolated from a human case. Sabouraudia, 12: 233-244, 1971.

[10] 10. GUZMÁN, G. - Identificación de los hongos comestibles, venenosos, alucinantes y destructores de la madera. México. Editorial Limusa, 1979.

[11] 11. HAWKSWORTH, D.L.; KIRK, P.M.; SUTTON, B.C. & PEGLER, D.N. - Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi. 8. ed. Bakeham Lane, Surrey, International Mycological Institute, 1995.

[12] 12. HERRERA, T. & ULLOA, M. - El reino de los hongos. Micologia básica y aplicada. México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1990.

[13] 13. JOLY, A.B. - Botânica. Introduçăo ŕ taxonomia vegetal. 2. ed. Săo Paulo. Companhia Editora Nacional; Editora da Universidade de Săo Paulo, 1975.

[14] 14. KAMEI, K.; UNNO, H.; NAGAO, K. el al. - Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Clin infect. Dis., 18: 305-308, 1994.

[15] 15. KERN, M.E. & UECKER, F.A. - Maxillary sinus infection caused by the homobasidiomycetous fungus. Schizophyllum commune. J. clin. Microbiol., 23: 1001-1005, 1986.

[16] 16. KLIGMAN, A.M. - A basidiomycete probably causing onycomycosis. J. invest. Derm., 14: 67-70, 1950.

[17] 17. MARLIER, S.; JAUREGUIBERRY, J.P. De; AGUILLON, P. et al. - Sinusite chronique due a Schizophyllum commune au cours du SIDA. Presse méd., 22: 1107, 1993.

[18] 18. MOORE, M.; RUSSEL, W.O. & SACHS, E. - Chronic leptomeningitis and ependymitis caused by Ustilago, probable Ustilago zeae (corn smut). Ustilagomycosis, the second reported instance of human infection. Amer. J. Path., 22: 761-777, 1946.

[19] 19. OLIVEIRA LIMA, A. - Rinite perene e asma brônquica por sensibilizaçăo aos esporos de Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rost. Hospital (Rio de J.), 41: 719-725, 1952.

[20] 20. PREININGER, T. - Durch maisbrand (Ustilago maydis) bedingte dermatomykose. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Berl.), 176: 109-113, 1937-1938.

[21] 21. RESTREPO, A.; GREER, D.L.; ROBLEDO, M.; OSORIO, O. & MONDRAGÓN, H. - Ulceration of the palate caused by a basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Sabouraudia, 9: 201-204, 1971.

[22] 22. RIHS, J.D.; PADHYE, A.A. & GOOD, C.B. - Brain abscess caused by Schyzophyllum commune: an emerging basidiomycete pathogen. J. clin. Microbiol., 34: 1328-1632, 1996.

[23] 23. ROSENTHAL, J.; KATZ, R.; DUBOIS, D.B.; MORRISSEY, A. & MACHICAO, A. - Chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with the mushroom Schyzophyllum commune in a patient with AIDS. Clin. infect. Dis., 14: 46-48, 1992.

[24] 24. RUMACK, B.H. & SALZMAN, E. - Mushroom poisoning. Diagnosis and treatment. West Beach, CRC Press, 1978.

[25] 25. SCHVARTSMAN, S. - Plantas venenosas e animais peçonhentos. 2. ed. Săo Paulo, Sarvier, 1992.

[26] 26. SIGLER, L.; MAZA, L.M.; TAN, G.; EGGER, K.N. & SHERBURNE, R.K. - Diagnostic difficulties caused by nonclamped Schizophyllum commune isolate in a case of fungus ball of the lung. J. clin. Microbiol., 33: 1979-1983, 1995.

[27] 27. SPELLER, D.C.E. & MacIVER, A.G. - Endocarditis caused by a Coprinus species a fungus of the toadstool group. J. med. Microbiol., 4: 370-374, 1971.

[28] 28. SUMMERBELL, R.C. - The Benomyl test as a fundamental diagnostic method for medical mycology. J. clin. Microbiol., 31: 572-577, 1993.

[29] 29. WATLING, R. & SWEENEY, J. - Observations on Schizophyllum commune Fries. Sabouraudia, 12: 214-226, 1974.

Brasil

Brasil

Basidiomycosis: a review of the literature

Basidiomicoses: revisão da literatura

Abstracts

Correspondence to:

Publication Dates