Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho: II - deficiências de macronutrientes na variedade Piranão

Studies on the mineral nutrition of corn: II. deficiencies of macronutrients in the variety Piranão

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho. II - deficiências de macronutrientes na variedade Piranão^*

Studies on the mineral nutrition of corn. II. deficiencies of macronutrients in the variety Piranão

E. Malavolta^I; V.M. Rapchan^I; A.M.G. de Castro^II; A.P. Souza^II; E.S.Lopes^II; L.F. Sobral^II; L.A. Lovato^II; M.Menezes^II; O.Tisselli Fº^II; G.D. Oliveira^I

^IDepartamento de Química e CENA, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba

^IIEstudantes Pós-graduados de Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba

RESUMO

Foram induzidos sintomas de carência de macronutrientes no milho, var. Piranão, exceto no caso do enxofre.

Os níveis foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S foram determinados nas plantas sujeitos à nutrição completa e às deficiências de macronutrientes.

SUMMARY

Corn plants, Piranão variety, were grown in nutrient solution, complete and with omission of one macronutrient each time, in order to gain information on the effects of treatments on growth, symptoms of deficiency, and mineral composition of the leaves.

The following symptoms of deficiency were obtained:

Nitrogen -- plants underdeveloped; "V" shaped chlorosis beginning in the older leaves followed by drying and necrosis;

Phosphorus - older leaves dark green with a purple hve;

Potassium - plants underdeveloped; marginal chlorisis and necrosis in the older leaves; iron induced chlorosis in the younger leaves;

Calcium - plants very underdeveloped due to death of apical merystem; younger leaves showing tip and marginal chlorosis and afterwards necrosis and break down of the tissue; wide whitish areas in the younger leaves;

Magnesium - plants very underdeveloped; internerval chlorosis in older leaves first, proceeding to the young ones;

Sulfur - absence of marked symptoms, except for a slight chlorosis in the younger leaves.

Dry matter production obeyed the following decreasing order: Complete, minus S, minus P, minus K, minus Mg, minus N and minus Ca.

Ears were obtained only in treatments complete and minus S.

Top/root ratio decreased according to this order:

minus S, complete, minus K, minus Mg, minus N, minus P and minus Ca.

The macronutrient content for the treatment complete was the following respectively for lower and upper, leaves: N - 2.76 and 2.52%; P - 0.59 and 0.53%; K - 2.25 and 2.26%;Ca - 2.17 and 1.85;Mg - 0.82 and0.66;S - 0.38 and 0.32. The values of the element corresponding to each treatment were: N - 1.84 and 1.22 (that is: lower leaves in the minus N plants had 1 84% N, whereas the upper leaves in same treatment had 1.22% N; P - 0.14 and 0.17%; K - 0.29 and 0.78%; Ca - 0.29 and 0.05; Mg -0.09 and 0.05%; S- 0.31 and 0.26%.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 16/12/1975.

• AGBIM, N.N., 1968. Effect of Phosphorus and Magnesium on zin Nutrition of Corn. Thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 81 p.
• AGBOOLA, A., 1967. The influence of Fertilizer Placement on the Yield of Maize. Nigeriam Agr. J., 4(1):32-34.
• ANDERSON, G.D., 1970. Fertility Studies on a Sandy Loam in Semiarid Tanzania. I. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fetilizers on Yields of Maize and Soil Nutrient Status. Exp. Agr., 6(1):1-12.
• ANDRADE, A.G., 1975. Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.). Diss. de Mestrado, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba.
• ARRUDA, H.V., 1968. Adubação mineral do milho nas terras roxas do município de Ribeirão Preto. O Biológico, 34(5):99-100.
• BECKENBACH, J.R., ROBINS, W.R. & SHIVE, J.W., 1938. Nutrition Studies with corn. ii. A Statistical Interpretation of the relation Between the ionic concentration of the culture solutions and the element content of the Tissues. Soil Sci., 45:403-426.
• BRAGA, J.M., 1968. Avaliação da fertilidade de solos de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Uso de Microparcelas. Rev. Ceres, 15(86):219-243.
• BREWER, A.K. & BRAMLEY, A., 1940. A radioactive isotope study of the absorption of phosphorus and sodium by corn seedlings. Science, 91:-269-270.
• GALLO, J.R. & HIROCE, R., 1968. A análise foliar na nutrição do milho. I. Correlação entre análises de folhas e produção. Bragantia, 27(15) :177-186.
• GALVÃO, J.D., BRANDÃO, S.A. & GOMES, F.R., 1969. Efeito da população de plantas e níveis de nitrogênio sobre a produção de grãos e sobre o peso médio das espigas. Experientiae, 9(2): 39-82.
• HOAGLAND, D.R. & ARNON, D.I., 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 347.
• LAIRS, R.J. & RODRIGUEZ, G.J.H., 1965. Application of Fertilizers to wet-Season Maize in Areas of Guanajato. Michoacan and Jalisco States. Foll. Teen. Inst. Nac. Invext. Agrícolas, México, 50:1-71.
• MALAVOLTA, E., 1970. Nutrição mineral de Plantas. ESALQ, Piracicaba, mim. 218 p.
• MALIK, M.Y. & SHAH, W.H., 1968. Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on the Nutrient Contents and Yield of Maize. Park. J. Sci., 20(4):178-181.
• MIRANDA, L.E.C. de & MIRANDA, L.T., 1971. Adubação do milho. IV Estudo Econômico de Adubação do milho no Estado de São Paulo. Projeto BNDE/ANDA/CIA. Boletim nş 14.
• NAKANO, H. & KUSHIBIKI, H., 1967. Studies on Magnesium Deficiency Symptom in Corn Crop. 1. Varietal Difference of Magnesium Deficiency Symptom and Effects of Magnesium Fertilizer on Growth and Yield in Corn. Bull. Hokkaido Prefect. Agr. Exp. Sta., 15:15-21.
• NELSON, B.L., 1956. The mineral nutrition of corn as related to its growth and culture. Advances in Agronomy, 8321-375.
• NOVAIS, R.F., BRAGA, J.M., GALVÃO, D.J. & GOMES, F.R., 1971. Efeito de nitrogênio em populações de plantas e híbridos sobre a produção de grãos e sobre algumas características agronômicas da cultura do milho., Experientiae, 12(10):341-381.
• PUNTAMKER, S.S., MEHTA, K.M. & SHARMA, V.C., 1965. Uptake of N, P and K by Maize in Relation to Levels of Nitrogen. Indian J. Agron., 10:244-252.
• RATHORE, S.S. & SINGH, H.G., 1967. Response of Maize to Increasing Levels of N and P at Varying Plant Densities. Univers, Udaipur res. Stud., 3:29-33.
• REHM, G.W. & CALDWELL, A.C., 1970. Effect of the Separation of Nitrogen and sulfur Sources on Sulfur Uptake by Corn. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., 34(5):769-772.
• SAXENA, M.C. & GAUTAM, O.P., 1971. Response of Hybrid Maize to Levels of Nitrogenous and Phosphatic Fertilization. Nutrition of Maize. Bull. Y-26. Tenn. Valley Anthority.
• SHAG, V.H., 1969. Fertilizer Needs of Maize. Indian Farming, 18(12):41-45.
• SOBRAL, L.F., 1972. Efeito de doses crescentes de fósforo na produção do milho. IPEAL. Aracaju (não publicado).
• THOMAS, W., & MACK, W.B., 1939. The foliar diagnosis of Zea mays L., subjectid to differential fertilizer treatment. J. Agr. Research., 58:477-491.
• UDOVENKO, G.V. & BEZLYUDNYI, N.N., 1971. Effect of Nitrogen nutrition on growth and protein metabolism of plants. Em: Nutrition of Maize. Bull. Y-26, Tenn. Valley Anthority.
• WALLACE, A. & DEUTSCH, A., 1968. Phosphorus Deficiency Decreases Stomatal Activity and Water Use of Plants. Calif. Agr., 22(8):15.
• T.V.A., 1971. Nutrition of Maize. Muscle Shoals.

*

Com ajuda da EMBRAPA, CNEN, CNPq, FAPESP e BNDE.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  30 Maio 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  1975