Enhanced degradation of metalaxyl in Gley Humic and Dark Red Latosol

Papini, S.; Andréa, M. M.

doi:10.1590/S0100-06832000000200023

Abstracts

Enhanced degradation of the fungicide metalaxyl was investigated in two soils: a gley humic (GH) and a Dark Red Latosol (LE), collected at sites never exposed to the fungicide. The soil samples were treated with successive applications of metalaxyl as a commercial formulation and 14C-metalaxyl in laboratory. Metalaxyl biodegradation was analyzed during 63 days by means of radiometric techniques to verify biomineralization and degradation product formation from the applied 14C-metalaxyl. Although biomineralization (maximum of 14 and 8% in the GH and LE soils, respectively), and partial degradation (about 32 and 48%, respectively) were detected in both soils, enhanced degradation was verified only in the GH soil. Results proved that metalaxyl behaves differently in soils.

degradation; fungicide; biomineralization

A degradação acelerada do fungicida metalaxil foi pesquisada em dois tipos de solos: Glei Húmico (GH) e Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), coletados em regiões nunca antes expostas a este produto. As amostras dos solos foram tratadas em laboratório com aplicações sucessivas de metalaxil em formulação comercial e 14C-metalaxil. A biodegradação do metalaxil foi analisada durante 63 dias, utilizando-se técnicas radiométricas de verificação de biomineralização e produtos de degradação provenientes do 14C-metalaxil aplicado. Embora a biomineralização (máximo de 14 e 8% nos solos GH e LE, respectivamente) e a degradação parcial (aproximadamente 32 e 48%, respectivamente) tenham sido detectadas em ambos os solos, o fenômeno de degradação acelerada ocorreu apenas no solo GH. Os resultados provaram que o comportamento do metalaxil mostrou-se diferente conforme o tipo de solo.

degradação; fungicida; biomineralização

NOTA

Enhanced degradation of metalaxyl in Gley Humic and Dark Red Latosol(¹ (1 ) Parte da Tese de Mestrado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, da Universidade de São Paulo. )

Degradação acelerada do metalaxil em solos Glei Húmico e Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro

S. Papini^I; M. M. Andréa^II

^IBióloga do Centro de Proteção Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecologia de Agroquímicos, Caixa Postal 12.898, CEP 04010-970 São Paulo (SP). E-mail: solart@u-netsys.com.br

^IIBióloga do Instituto Biológico, Centro de Proteção Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecologia de Agroquímicos. E-mail: andrea@biologico.br

SUMMARY

Enhanced degradation of the fungicide metalaxyl was investigated in two soils: a gley humic (GH) and a Dark Red Latosol (LE), collected at sites never exposed to the fungicide. The soil samples were treated with successive applications of metalaxyl as a commercial formulation and ¹⁴C-metalaxyl in laboratory. Metalaxyl biodegradation was analyzed during 63 days by means of radiometric techniques to verify biomineralization and degradation product formation from the applied ¹⁴C-metalaxyl. Although biomineralization (maximum of 14 and 8% in the GH and LE soils, respectively), and partial degradation (about 32 and 48%, respectively) were detected in both soils, enhanced degradation was verified only in the GH soil. Results proved that metalaxyl behaves differently in soils.

Index terms: degradation, fungicide, biomineralization.

RESUMO

A degradação acelerada do fungicida metalaxil foi pesquisada em dois tipos de solos: Glei Húmico (GH) e Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), coletados em regiões nunca antes expostas a este produto. As amostras dos solos foram tratadas em laboratório com aplicações sucessivas de metalaxil em formulação comercial e ¹⁴C-metalaxil. A biodegradação do metalaxil foi analisada durante 63 dias, utilizando-se técnicas radiométricas de verificação de biomineralização e produtos de degradação provenientes do ¹⁴C-metalaxil aplicado. Embora a biomineralização (máximo de 14 e 8% nos solos GH e LE, respectivamente) e a degradação parcial (aproximadamente 32 e 48%, respectivamente) tenham sido detectadas em ambos os solos, o fenômeno de degradação acelerada ocorreu apenas no solo GH. Os resultados provaram que o comportamento do metalaxil mostrou-se diferente conforme o tipo de solo.

Termos de indexação: degradação, fungicida, biomineralização.

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LITERATURE CITED

Recebido para publicação em abril de 1999

Aprovado em fevereiro de 2000

ANDRÉA, M.M.; LORD, K.A.; BROMILOW, R.H. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradation of parathion by soil kept moist with and without repeated application. Environ. Pollut., 27:167-177, 1982.
ANDRÉA, M.M.; LUCHINI, L.C.; MELLO, M.H.S.H.; TOMITA, R.Y.; MESQUITA, T.B. & MUSUMECI, M.R. Dissipation and degradation of DDT, DDE and parathion in Brazilian soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health, B29:121-132,1994.
BAILEY, A.M. & COFFEY, M.D. Biodegradation of metalaxyl in avocado soils. Phytopathology, 75:135-137, 1985.
BAILEY, A.M. & COFFEY, M.D. Characterization of microorganisms involved in accelerated biodegradation of metalaxyl and metalachlor in soils. Can. J. Microbiol., 32:562-569, 1986.
BARTHA, R. & PRAMER, D. Features of a flask and method for measuring the persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soil. Soil Sci., 100:68-70, 1965.
COHEN, Y.; REVEUNI, M. & EYAL, H. The systemic antifungal activity of ridomil against Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants. Dis. Control Pest. Manag., 69:645-649, 1979.
DAVIDSE, L.C. Mechanism of action of metalaxyl in Phytophthora megaspermaf sp. medicaginis . Neth. J. Plant Pathol., 87:21-25, 1981
DAVIDSE, L.C.; GERRITSMA, O.C.M. & HOFMAN, A.E. Mode d'action du metalaxyl. Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie, 30:235-244, 1981.
DROBY, S. & COFFEY, M.D. Biodegradation process and the nature of metabolism of metalaxyl in soil. Ann. Appl. Biol., 118:543-553, 1991.
FELSOT, A.S. Enhanced biodegradation of insecticides in soils. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 34:453-476, 1989.
GRAHAM-BRYCE, I.G. The behaviour of pesticides in soil. In: GREENLAND, D.J. & HAYES, M.H.B., eds. The chemistry of soil processes. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1981. p.621-670.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION- ISO (Geneva, Switzerland). ISO/DIS-11274. Geneva, 1992. 30p.
KAUFMAN, D.D. Degradation of pesticides by soil microorganisms. In: GUENZI, W.D., ed. Pesticides in soil and water. Madison, Soil Science Society of America, 1974, p.133-135.
KERKENAAR, A. & SYPESTEIJN, A.K. Antifungal activity of metalaxyl and furalaxyl. Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 15:71-78, 1981.
MESQUITA, T.B. & RUEGG, E.F. Influência de agentes tensoativos na detecção da radiação beta. Ci. Cul., 36:446-450, 1984.
MUSUMECI, M.R.; RUEGG, E.F. & CAMPACCI, C.A. Behaviour of ¹⁴C-metalaxyl in Brazilian soils. Turrialba, 32:496-499, 1981.
MUSUMECI, M.R. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradação microbiana do fungicide metalaxil no solo. Fitopatol. Bras., 9:583-591, 1984.
MUSUMECI, M.R. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradação e resíduos de trifluralin e metalaxil em solos tratados com ¹⁴C-trifluralin e ¹⁴C-metalaxil em laboratório. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 21:1023-1029, 1986.
NICHOLLS, P.H. Factors influencing entry of pesticides into soil water. Pestc. Sci., 22:123-137, 1988.
PRAMER, D. & BARTHA, R. Preparation and processing of soil samples for biodegradation studies. Environ. Letters, 2:212-224, 1972.
RACKE, K.D. Pesticides in the soil microbioal ecosystem. In: RACKE, K.D. & COATS, J.R., eds. Enhanced biodegradation of pesticides in the environment. Washington, American Chemical Society, 1990. p.1-12. (ACS Symposium Series, 426)
SHARON, M.S. & EDGINGTON, L.V. Mobility and dissipation of metalaxyl in tobacco soils. Can. J. Plant Sci., 66:761-771, 1986.
SINGH, U.S. & TREPATHI, R.K. Estimation of the systemic fungicide Ridomil by thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatog., 200:317-323, 1980.
WALKER, A.; MOON, Y.H. & WELCH, S.J. Influence of temperature, soil moisture and soil characteristics on the persistence of alachlor. Pest. Sci., 35:109-116, 1992.
ZAKI, A.I.; ZENTMYER, G.A. & LE BARON, H.M. Systemic translocation of ¹⁴C labeled metalaxyl in tomato, avocado and Persea indica Phytopathology, 71:509-514, 1981.

(1

) Parte da Tese de Mestrado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, da Universidade de São Paulo.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
06 Oct 2014
Date of issue
June 2000

History

Received
Apr 1999
Accepted
Feb 2000

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDRÉA, M.M.; LORD, K.A.; BROMILOW, R.H. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradation of parathion by soil kept moist with and without repeated application. Environ. Pollut., 27:167-177, 1982.

[2] ANDRÉA, M.M.; LUCHINI, L.C.; MELLO, M.H.S.H.; TOMITA, R.Y.; MESQUITA, T.B. & MUSUMECI, M.R. Dissipation and degradation of DDT, DDE and parathion in Brazilian soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health, B29:121-132,1994.

[3] BAILEY, A.M. & COFFEY, M.D. Biodegradation of metalaxyl in avocado soils. Phytopathology, 75:135-137, 1985.

[4] BAILEY, A.M. & COFFEY, M.D. Characterization of microorganisms involved in accelerated biodegradation of metalaxyl and metalachlor in soils. Can. J. Microbiol., 32:562-569, 1986.

[5] BARTHA, R. & PRAMER, D. Features of a flask and method for measuring the persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soil. Soil Sci., 100:68-70, 1965.

[6] COHEN, Y.; REVEUNI, M. & EYAL, H. The systemic antifungal activity of ridomil against Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants. Dis. Control Pest. Manag., 69:645-649, 1979.

[7] DAVIDSE, L.C. Mechanism of action of metalaxyl in Phytophthora megaspermaf sp. medicaginis . Neth. J. Plant Pathol., 87:21-25, 1981

[8] DAVIDSE, L.C.; GERRITSMA, O.C.M. & HOFMAN, A.E. Mode d'action du metalaxyl. Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie, 30:235-244, 1981.

[9] DROBY, S. & COFFEY, M.D. Biodegradation process and the nature of metabolism of metalaxyl in soil. Ann. Appl. Biol., 118:543-553, 1991.

[10] FELSOT, A.S. Enhanced biodegradation of insecticides in soils. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 34:453-476, 1989.

[11] GRAHAM-BRYCE, I.G. The behaviour of pesticides in soil. In: GREENLAND, D.J. & HAYES, M.H.B., eds. The chemistry of soil processes. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1981. p.621-670.

[12] INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION- ISO (Geneva, Switzerland). ISO/DIS-11274. Geneva, 1992. 30p.

[13] KAUFMAN, D.D. Degradation of pesticides by soil microorganisms. In: GUENZI, W.D., ed. Pesticides in soil and water. Madison, Soil Science Society of America, 1974, p.133-135.

[14] KERKENAAR, A. & SYPESTEIJN, A.K. Antifungal activity of metalaxyl and furalaxyl. Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 15:71-78, 1981.

[15] MESQUITA, T.B. & RUEGG, E.F. Influência de agentes tensoativos na detecção da radiação beta. Ci. Cul., 36:446-450, 1984.

[16] MUSUMECI, M.R.; RUEGG, E.F. & CAMPACCI, C.A. Behaviour of ¹⁴C-metalaxyl in Brazilian soils. Turrialba, 32:496-499, 1981.

[17] MUSUMECI, M.R. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradação microbiana do fungicide metalaxil no solo. Fitopatol. Bras., 9:583-591, 1984.

[18] MUSUMECI, M.R. & RUEGG, E.F. Degradação e resíduos de trifluralin e metalaxil em solos tratados com ¹⁴C-trifluralin e ¹⁴C-metalaxil em laboratório. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 21:1023-1029, 1986.

[19] NICHOLLS, P.H. Factors influencing entry of pesticides into soil water. Pestc. Sci., 22:123-137, 1988.

[20] PRAMER, D. & BARTHA, R. Preparation and processing of soil samples for biodegradation studies. Environ. Letters, 2:212-224, 1972.

[21] RACKE, K.D. Pesticides in the soil microbioal ecosystem. In: RACKE, K.D. & COATS, J.R., eds. Enhanced biodegradation of pesticides in the environment. Washington, American Chemical Society, 1990. p.1-12. (ACS Symposium Series, 426)

[22] SHARON, M.S. & EDGINGTON, L.V. Mobility and dissipation of metalaxyl in tobacco soils. Can. J. Plant Sci., 66:761-771, 1986.

[23] SINGH, U.S. & TREPATHI, R.K. Estimation of the systemic fungicide Ridomil by thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatog., 200:317-323, 1980.

[24] WALKER, A.; MOON, Y.H. & WELCH, S.J. Influence of temperature, soil moisture and soil characteristics on the persistence of alachlor. Pest. Sci., 35:109-116, 1992.

[25] ZAKI, A.I.; ZENTMYER, G.A. & LE BARON, H.M. Systemic translocation of ¹⁴C labeled metalaxyl in tomato, avocado and Persea indica Phytopathology, 71:509-514, 1981.

Brasil

Brasil

Enhanced degradation of metalaxyl in Gley Humic and Dark Red Latosol

Degradação acelerada do metalaxil em solos Glei Húmico e Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History