Abstracts
This paper presents some new estimates for the relationship between inflation and unemployment in Brazil based on a new Keynesian hypothesis about the behavior of the economy. Four main hypotheses are tested and sustained throughout the study: i) agents do not have perfect rationality; ii) the imperfection in the agents expectations generating process may be an important factor in explaining the high persistence (inertia) of Brazilian inflation; iii) inflation does have an autonomous inertial component, without linkage to shocks in individual markets; iv) a non-linear relationship between inflation and unemployment is able to provide better explanations for the inflation-unemployment relationship in the Brazilian economy in the last 12 years. While the first two hypotheses are tested using a Markov Switching based model of regime changes, the remaining two are tested in a context of a convex Phillips Curve estimated using the Kalman filter. Despite the methodological and estimation improvements provided in the paper, the impulse-response functions for the monetary policy presented the same properties shown in the literature that uses Brazilian data.
Phillips curve; expectations; inflation; NAIRU-gap; Markov switching models; Kalman filter; SUR
O artigo estima uma nova relação entre emprego e inflação para o Brasil, tendo como pano de fundo hipóteses novo-keynesianas. Quatro hipóteses são testadas e sustentadas: i) os agentes não possuem racionalidade perfeita; ii) a imperfeição na formação das expectativas pode ser determinante no componente inercial da inflação brasileira; iii) a inflação possui componente inercial autônomo; e, iv) relações não-lineares entre inflação e desemprego fornecem melhores resultados para a economia nos últimos 12 anos. Enquanto as duas primeiras hipóteses são verificadas por meio de modelo com mudanças markovianas, as últimas são testadas por uma Curva de Phillips convexa, estimadas pelo Filtro de Kalman. O uso destas estimativas não prejudica as propriedades tradicionais estimadas de funções de resposta da política monetária para o Brasil.
curva de Phillips; expectativas; inflação; hiato do desemprego; modelos markovianos; filtro de Kalman; SUR
Imperfect rationality and inflationary inertia: a new estimation of the Phillips Curve for Brazil
Angelo Marsiglia FasoloI; Marcelo Savino PortugalII
IResearch Department (DEPEP), Banco Central do Brasil
IIProfessor of Economics at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and associate researcher of CNPq
ABSTRACT
This paper presents some new estimates for the relationship between inflation and unemployment in Brazil based on a new Keynesian hypothesis about the behavior of the economy. Four main hypotheses are tested and sustained throughout the study: i) agents do not have perfect rationality; ii) the imperfection in the agents expectations generating process may be an important factor in explaining the high persistence (inertia) of Brazilian inflation; iii) inflation does have an autonomous inertial component, without linkage to shocks in individual markets; iv) a non-linear relationship between inflation and unemployment is able to provide better explanations for the inflation-unemployment relationship in the Brazilian economy in the last 12 years. While the first two hypotheses are tested using a Markov Switching based model of regime changes, the remaining two are tested in a context of a convex Phillips Curve estimated using the Kalman filter. Despite the methodological and estimation improvements provided in the paper, the impulse-response functions for the monetary policy presented the same properties shown in the literature that uses Brazilian data.
Keywords: Phillips curve, expectations, inflation, NAIRU-gap, Markov switching models, Kalman filter, SUR.
JEL Classification
E310
RESUMO
O artigo estima uma nova relação entre emprego e inflação para o Brasil, tendo como pano de fundo hipóteses novo-keynesianas. Quatro hipóteses são testadas e sustentadas: i) os agentes não possuem racionalidade perfeita; ii) a imperfeição na formação das expectativas pode ser determinante no componente inercial da inflação brasileira; iii) a inflação possui componente inercial autônomo; e, iv) relações não-lineares entre inflação e desemprego fornecem melhores resultados para a economia nos últimos 12 anos. Enquanto as duas primeiras hipóteses são verificadas por meio de modelo com mudanças markovianas, as últimas são testadas por uma Curva de Phillips convexa, estimadas pelo Filtro de Kalman. O uso destas estimativas não prejudica as propriedades tradicionais estimadas de funções de resposta da política monetária para o Brasil.
Palavras-chave: curva de Phillips, expectativas, inflação, hiato do desemprego, modelos markovianos, filtro de Kalman, SUR.
Full text available only in PDF format.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
(Recebido em junho de 2003. Aceito para publicação em março de 2004).
The views expressed here are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect those of the Central Bank of Brazil or its members.
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Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
28 Sept 2009 -
Date of issue
Dec 2004
History
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Accepted
Mar 2004 -
Received
June 2003