Potencial atrator de tubarões costeiros em recife artificial no litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Faria, Vicente Vieira; Novelli, Ronaldo; Gomes, Marcelo Paes; Zalmon, Ilana Rosental

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000300017

Resumo

Artificial reefs have been used in many countries to increase coastal fishery productivity. In order to increase fish attraction to the Northern Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, it was installed an artificial reef (1,500 m²) 5 nautical miles off Manguinhos's Bay (São Francisco de ltabapoana, Rio de Janeiro). The artificial structures were made of tires, concrete and cement blocks. A gill net of 125 x 3 m was monthly used in the artificial reef (AR) and in a control area (CA) to determine the effect of the experimental structures on the stock and diversity of coastal sharks. Considering the complexity of a sustainable elasmobranch exploitation, sharks were focused in this study. During 24 months of investigation (April/96 to March/98), a total of 325 individuais distributed in four shark species were captured in the two areas (AR and CA): Mustelus higmani (Springer & Lowe, 1963) (AR = 70; CA = 82 individuals), Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) (AR = 86; CA = 56 individuals), R. porosus (Poey, 1861) (AR = 16; CA = 14 individuals) and Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) (AR = 1 individual). The attractive potential of the artificial reef is suggested by the predominance of the shark R. lalandii in the reef complex after the first year of monitoring, with the increase of the structures.

Artificial reefs; coastal sharks; Rio de Janeiro State Northern Coast

Potencial atrator de tubarões costeiros em recife artificial no litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Attractive potential of coastal sharks in artificial reef on the Northern Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Vicente Vieira Faria^I,II; Ronaldo Novelli^I; Marcelo Paes Gomes^I; Ilana Rosental Zalmon^I,III

^ILaboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

^IIE-mail: vicentefaria@bol.com.br

^IIIE-mail: ilana@uenf.br

ABSTRACT

Artificial reefs have been used in many countries to increase coastal fishery productivity. In order to increase fish attraction to the Northern Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, it was installed an artificial reef (1,500 m²) 5 nautical miles off Manguinhos's Bay (São Francisco de ltabapoana, Rio de Janeiro). The artificial structures were made of tires, concrete and cement blocks. A gill net of 125 x 3 m was monthly used in the artificial reef (AR) and in a control area (CA) to determine the effect of the experimental structures on the stock and diversity of coastal sharks. Considering the complexity of a sustainable elasmobranch exploitation, sharks were focused in this study. During 24 months of investigation (April/96 to March/98), a total of 325 individuais distributed in four shark species were captured in the two areas (AR and CA): Mustelus higmani (Springer & Lowe, 1963) (AR = 70; CA = 82 individuals), Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) (AR = 86; CA = 56 individuals), R. porosus (Poey, 1861) (AR = 16; CA = 14 individuals) and Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) (AR = 1 individual). The attractive potential of the artificial reef is suggested by the predominance of the shark R. lalandii in the reef complex after the first year of monitoring, with the increase of the structures.

Key words: Artificial reefs, coastal sharks, Rio de Janeiro State Northern Coast

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Os autores agradecem a Flavio A. Gomes, Eduardo G. Souza, Antônio C. Pessanha, pescadores Eraldo e Jorge pelo apoio durante as amostragens. Agradecemos também as revisões críticas do manuscrito, realizadas por Carlos R. Ruiz-Miranda, Leandro R. Monteiro, Ana Paula Di Beneditto, Sérgio R. Floeter e dois revisores anônimos. Este estudo teve suporte financeiro do CNPq, FAPERJ e FENORTE.

Recebido em 30.III.2001; aceito em 30.VII.2001.

AMBROSE, R.F. & S.L. SWARBRICK. 1989. Comparison of fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs off the coast of Southern California. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44:718-733.
BAQUEIRO-CARDENAS, E.; J. HERNÁNDEZ & J. ALDANA. 1999. Oil activity and artificial reefs programs in Campeche, Mexico. Proc. Seventh Internat. Conf. Artificial Reefs, Sanremo, p. 396-406.
BOMBACE, G.; G. FABI; L. FIORENTINI & R. SPERANZA. 1994. Analyses f the efficacy of artificial reefs located in five different areas of the Adriatic Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):559-580.
BONFIL, R. 1994. Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fish. Techn. Paper(341):1-119.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1984. FAO species catalogue vol 4. sharks of the world. an annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part 2. FAO Fish. Synop. 4(125):251-655.
DI BENEDITTO, A.P.M.; R.M.A. RAMOS & N.R.W. LIMA. 1998. Fishing ativity in Northern Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) and its relation with small cetaceans. Brazil. Arch. Biol. Technol., Curitiba, 41(3):296-302.
D'ITRI, F.M. 1986. Artificial reefs - marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. lnc., 589p.
EKAU, W. & B. KNOOPERS. 1999. An introduction to the pelagic system of the North-East and East Brazilian shelf. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 47(2/3):113-132.
FLOETER, S.R. & A. SOARES-GOMES. 1999. Biogeographic and species richness patterns of Gastropoda on the Southwestern Atlantic. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 59(4):567-575.
HAROUN, R.J.; M. GÓMEZ; J.J. HERNÁNDEZ; R. HERRERA; D. MONTERO; T. MORENO; A. PORTILLO; M.E. TORRES & E. SOLER. 1994. Environmental description of an artiticial reef site in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) prior to reef placement. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):932-938.
HEEMSTRA, P.C. 1997. A review of the smooth-hound sharks (genus Mustelus, family Triakidae) of the Western Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and a new subspecies. Bull. Mar. Sci. 60(3):894-928.
HOLDEN, M.J. 1974. Problems in the rational exploitation of elasmobranch populations and some suggested solutions, p. 117-137. In: F.R. HARDEN-JONES (Ed.). Sea fisheries research. London, Elek Science, 510p.
LESSA, R.P. 1988. Premières observations sur la biologie reproductive de Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pisces, Carcharhinidae) de la Côte Nord du Brésil-Maranhão. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 48(4):721-730.
MCGLENNON, D. & K. L. BRANDEN. 1994. Comparison of catch and recreational anglers fishing on artificial reefs and natural seabed in Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):510-523.
MICHAEL, S.W. 1993. Reef sharks and rays of the world: a guide to their identification, ecology, and behaviour. Monterey, Sea Challengers, VI+107p.
MORRISEY, J.F. & S.H. GRUBER. 1993. Habitat selection by juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:311-319.
PALACIO, F.J. 1982. Revisión zoogeogratica marina del Sur del Brasil. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. São Paulo 31(1):69-92.
SANTOS, M.N. & C.C. MONTEIRO. 1997. The Olhão artificial reef system (south Portugal): fish assemblages and fishing yield. Fish. Res. 30:31-41.
______. 1998. Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve, South Portugal): fish assemblages and fishing yield. Fish. Res. 39:55-65.
STEVENS, J.D.; R. BONFIL; N.K. DULVY & P. WALKER. 2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES Jour. Mar. Sci. 57:476-494.
VALENTIN, J. L. & W. M. MONTEIRO-RIBAS. 1993. Zooplankton community structure on the East-Southeast Brazilian continental shelf (18-23º S latitude). Continent. Shelf Res. 13(4):407-424.
ZALMON, I.R.; R. NOVELLI; M.P. GOMES & V.V. FARIA. 1999. An artificial reef program on the Northern Coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proc. Seventh Internat. Conf. Artificial Reefs, Sanremo, p. 105-112.
ZAR, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 4^th ed., 663p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
08 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Set 2001

Histórico

Aceito
30 Jul 2001
Recebido
30 Mar 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AMBROSE, R.F. & S.L. SWARBRICK. 1989. Comparison of fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs off the coast of Southern California. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44:718-733.

[2] BAQUEIRO-CARDENAS, E.; J. HERNÁNDEZ & J. ALDANA. 1999. Oil activity and artificial reefs programs in Campeche, Mexico. Proc. Seventh Internat. Conf. Artificial Reefs, Sanremo, p. 396-406.

[3] BOMBACE, G.; G. FABI; L. FIORENTINI & R. SPERANZA. 1994. Analyses f the efficacy of artificial reefs located in five different areas of the Adriatic Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):559-580.

[4] BONFIL, R. 1994. Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fish. Techn. Paper(341):1-119.

[5] COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1984. FAO species catalogue vol 4. sharks of the world. an annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part 2. FAO Fish. Synop. 4(125):251-655.

[6] DI BENEDITTO, A.P.M.; R.M.A. RAMOS & N.R.W. LIMA. 1998. Fishing ativity in Northern Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) and its relation with small cetaceans. Brazil. Arch. Biol. Technol., Curitiba, 41(3):296-302.

[7] D'ITRI, F.M. 1986. Artificial reefs - marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. lnc., 589p.

[8] EKAU, W. & B. KNOOPERS. 1999. An introduction to the pelagic system of the North-East and East Brazilian shelf. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 47(2/3):113-132.

[9] FLOETER, S.R. & A. SOARES-GOMES. 1999. Biogeographic and species richness patterns of Gastropoda on the Southwestern Atlantic. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 59(4):567-575.

[10] HAROUN, R.J.; M. GÓMEZ; J.J. HERNÁNDEZ; R. HERRERA; D. MONTERO; T. MORENO; A. PORTILLO; M.E. TORRES & E. SOLER. 1994. Environmental description of an artiticial reef site in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) prior to reef placement. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):932-938.

[11] HEEMSTRA, P.C. 1997. A review of the smooth-hound sharks (genus Mustelus, family Triakidae) of the Western Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and a new subspecies. Bull. Mar. Sci. 60(3):894-928.

[12] HOLDEN, M.J. 1974. Problems in the rational exploitation of elasmobranch populations and some suggested solutions, p. 117-137. In: F.R. HARDEN-JONES (Ed.). Sea fisheries research. London, Elek Science, 510p.

[13] LESSA, R.P. 1988. Premières observations sur la biologie reproductive de Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pisces, Carcharhinidae) de la Côte Nord du Brésil-Maranhão. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 48(4):721-730.

[14] MCGLENNON, D. & K. L. BRANDEN. 1994. Comparison of catch and recreational anglers fishing on artificial reefs and natural seabed in Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):510-523.

[15] MICHAEL, S.W. 1993. Reef sharks and rays of the world: a guide to their identification, ecology, and behaviour. Monterey, Sea Challengers, VI+107p.

[16] MORRISEY, J.F. & S.H. GRUBER. 1993. Habitat selection by juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:311-319.

[17] PALACIO, F.J. 1982. Revisión zoogeogratica marina del Sur del Brasil. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. São Paulo 31(1):69-92.

[18] SANTOS, M.N. & C.C. MONTEIRO. 1997. The Olhão artificial reef system (south Portugal): fish assemblages and fishing yield. Fish. Res. 30:31-41.

[19] ______. 1998. Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve, South Portugal): fish assemblages and fishing yield. Fish. Res. 39:55-65.

[20] STEVENS, J.D.; R. BONFIL; N.K. DULVY & P. WALKER. 2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES Jour. Mar. Sci. 57:476-494.

[21] VALENTIN, J. L. & W. M. MONTEIRO-RIBAS. 1993. Zooplankton community structure on the East-Southeast Brazilian continental shelf (18-23º S latitude). Continent. Shelf Res. 13(4):407-424.

[22] ZALMON, I.R.; R. NOVELLI; M.P. GOMES & V.V. FARIA. 1999. An artificial reef program on the Northern Coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proc. Seventh Internat. Conf. Artificial Reefs, Sanremo, p. 105-112.

[23] ZAR, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 4^th ed., 663p.