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Passiflora purii (Passifloraceae), a new species in honor of the originating peoples of Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT

During fieldwork in Serra Negra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, a new taxon of Passiflora, subgenus Astrophea, was collected in cloud forest areas. Passiflora purii, the new species, is characterized by the conical trochlea and the totally vinaceous corona, and was named in honor of the Puri ethnic group that inhabited the mountain range where its population was located. Detailed data on the distribution, habitat, reproductive phenology, and conservation status of the new species, as well as a key to closely related taxa of subgenus Astrophea are provided.

Keywords:
Astrophea; Atlantic Forest; cloud forest; Passifloraceae; Serra da Mantiqueira; passionflower; taxonomy

Introduction

Passiflora is the largest and most representative genus of the Passifloraceae family. It contains about 500 species occurring mainly in the Americas (Bernacci et al. 2022Bernacci LC, Nunes TS, Mezzonato AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Imig CD, Cervi AC. 2022. Passifloraceae. Flora e Funga do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/fb182
https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/fb182...
), with only 20 distributed in India, China, southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania islands (Bernacci 2003Bernacci LC. 2003. Passifloraceae. In: Wanderley MGL, Shepherd GJ, Giulietti AM, Melhem TS (eds.). Flora Fanerogâmica do estado de São Paulo. São Paulo, Fapesp/Rima. p. 247-274.). The majority of Passiflora are herbaceous or woody climbers, but there are also shrubs and trees among this genus (Ulmer & McDougal 2004Ulmer T, McDougal JM. 2004. Passiflora: Passionflowers of the world. Cambridge, Timber Press.). In addition to the ornamental potential of its exuberant flowers, the genus stands out for its medicinal and economic importance, with several species presenting phytotherapic properties or producing fruit for consumption in natura (Moraes et al. 2020Moraes AM, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Menini Neto L, Faria APG. 2020. Distribution patterns of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae s.s.) in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 43: 999-1012. ).

Passiflora is recognized by possessing six subgenera, distributed mainly in the Americas (Feuillet & MacDougal 2003Feuillet C, MacDougal JM. 2003. A new infrageneric classification of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae). Passiflora 13: 34-38.; Kronisck et al. 2013Krosnick SE, Porter-Utley KE, MacDougal JM, Jørgensen PM, McDade LA. 2013. New insights into the evolution of Passiflora subgenus Decaloba (Passifloraceae): Phylogenetic relationships and morphological synapomorphies. Systematic Botany 38: 692-713.; Buitrago et al. 2018Buitrago MA, MacDougal J, Coca LF. 2018. Passiflora kumandayi (Passifloraceae), a new species from the Colombian Andes in a new section within subgenus Decaloba. Phytotaxa 344: 13-23.). Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (DC.) Mast. contains about 60 species with a Neotropical distribution. However, recent studies have shown an increase in this group, especially in Brazilian territory (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2020Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonca CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2020. A taxonomic revision of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae sensu stricto) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 473: 1-60.). Most species of the subgenus Astrophea occur in unexplored areas of the Amazonian domain, which makes specimen collection very difficult.

Recent taxonomic studies on the Astrophea subgenus have indicated seven new occurrences in Brazil (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2018Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonca CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2018. Taxonomy, palynology, and distribution notes of seven species of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae s.s.) newly recorded from Brazil. PhytoKeys 95: 1-14.), expanding the distribution of some species, such as P. plumosa Feuillet & Cremers, until then known only by the typus collected in French Guiana. In addition, four new species were described: P. lorenziana Mezzonato & Bernacci (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2016Mezzonato-Pires AC, Gonçalves-Esteves V, Bernacci LC. 2016. A new species of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 288: 77-84.), P. bernaccii Mezzonato (Mezzonato-Pires 2018Mezzonato-Pires AC. 2018. Passiflora bernaccii (Passifloraceae s.s.), a new species from Acre, Brazil. Phytotaxa 372: 229-235.), P. jorgeana Mezzonato (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2021aMezzonato-Pires AC, Calazans LSB, Valadares RT. 2021a. Passiflora jorgeana, a new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Novon 29:1-8.), and P. bacabensis Mezzonato, Silva & Oliveira (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2021bMezzonato-Pires AC, Silva EO, Oliveira EA. 2021b. Passiflora bacabensis (Passifloraceae sensu stricto), a new species from Mato Grosso, central-west region of Brazil. Nordic Journal of Botany. 2021: e03279 ). Among these new species, the first two were described for the Amazonian region and the last two for the cerrado, totaling 33 species for Brazil.

The Atlantic domain comprises only four species from this group: P. elliptica Gardner, P. haematostigma Mart. ex Mast., P. pentagona Mast., and P. rhamnifolia Mast. All of these are characterized by two glands located laterally at the petiole apex, white-greenish flowers, and a beige or yellow-greenish corona with vinaceous spots.

Serra da Mantiqueira (SM) is a Brazilian mountain range that extends through the Atlantic domain between the limits of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states. SM is an area of special biological importance with priority for conservation, and it presents a great species richness of the flora and fauna, many of which are rare, endemic, and threatened (Drummond et al. 2005Drummond GM, Martins CS, Machado ABM, Sebaio FA, Antonini Y. 2005. Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais: um atlas para sua conservação. 2nd. edn. Belo Horizonte, Fundação Biodiversitas.; Furtado & Menini Neto 2018Furtado SG, Menini Neto L. 2018. Diversity high up: A cloud forest of the Serra da Mantiqueira as a vascular epiphyte hotspot. Rodriguésia 69:263-279. ; Gonzaga et al. 2018Gonzaga DR, Peixoto AL, Menini Neto L. 2018. Patterns of richness and distribution of Cactaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil, and implications for its conservation. Acta Botanica Brasilica 33: 97-105.; Santiago et al. 2018Santiago DS, Oliveira-Filho AT, Menini Neto L, Carvalho FA, Salimena FRG. 2018. Floristic composition and phytogeography of an Araucaria Forest in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rodriguésia 69:1909-1925.; Pereira et al. 2020Pereira LC, Chautems A, Menini Neto L. 2020. Biogeography and Conservation of Gesneriaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Region of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 44: 239-248.). According to Moraes et al. (2020Moraes AM, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Menini Neto L, Faria APG. 2020. Distribution patterns of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae s.s.) in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 43: 999-1012. ), recent descriptions of new Passifloraceae taxa for SM reinforce the importance of this area for Passiflora studies.

After a thorough analysis of specimens collected in the Serra Negra region, which is part of the SM complex, we proposed a new species for Passiflora subgenus Astrophea. In this paper, we provide a full description, illustration, and conservation assessment, as well as comments on the etymology and morphological relationship of the new species with similar taxa.

Materials and methods

Study area

The Serra Negra da Mantiqueira region is in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, and it integrates the central portion of the SM (Fig. 1A). The local climate is Cwb (Köppen), characterized by dry and cold winters and wet and mild summers. The annual averages of temperature and precipitation are 20.6ºC and 1376 mm, respectively (Oliveira-Filho et al. 2013Oliveira-Filho AT, Fontes MAL, Viana PL, Valente ASM, Salimena FRG, Ferreira FM. 2013. O mosaico de fitofisionomias do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. In: Forzza RC, Menini Neto L, Salimena FRG, Zappi DC (eds.). Flora do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e seu entorno. Juiz de Fora, Editora UFJF. p. 54-93. ).

Figure 1
Location of the study area. A. Distribution of P. purii in the Serra Negra da Mantiqueira, southeastern Brazil (red dot). B. Location of the P. purii population (red circle). Source of image B: Google Earth. Map data ©2022 Google. Images courtesy of ©2022 CNES Airbus via Google Earth.

The new species was found in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Preto (21º58'456" S, 43º41'424" W) at 1179 m a.s.l. and a few meters from the limits of the newly established Serra Negra da Mantiqueira State Park. This Conservation Unit and its surroundings are inserted into a vegetation mosaic of the Atlantic Forest, where cloud forests, dwarf cloud forests, cloud shrubs, and cloud shrubby savannahs are the predominant phytophysiognomies in most preserved areas (Oliveira-Filho et al. 2013Oliveira-Filho AT, Fontes MAL, Viana PL, Valente ASM, Salimena FRG, Ferreira FM. 2013. O mosaico de fitofisionomias do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. In: Forzza RC, Menini Neto L, Salimena FRG, Zappi DC (eds.). Flora do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e seu entorno. Juiz de Fora, Editora UFJF. p. 54-93. ). In the areas impacted by anthropic actions, grasslands intended to raise dairy cattle are the predominant vegetation.

Taxonomic study

The taxonomic treatment and comparison with other closely related species from Passiflora subgenus Astrophea were based on specimens collected in the field, herbaria collections deposited at CESJ, acronyms following Thiers (2022Thiers B. 2022. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/.
http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/...
, continuously updated), and online databases, such as SpeciesLink (http://splink.cria.org.br/) and JABOT (http://rb.jbrj.gov.br/v2/consulta.ph).

The species description follows the morphological concepts of Mezzonato-Pires et al. (2020Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonca CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2020. A taxonomic revision of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae sensu stricto) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 473: 1-60.) and Radford et al. (1974Radford AE, Dickison WC, Massey JR, Bell CR. 1974. Vascular Plant Systematics. New York, Harper & Row Publishers.). The pollen terminology adopted here follows Presting (1965Presting D. 1965. Zur Morfhologie der pollenkörner der Passifloraceen. Pollen et Spores 7: 193-247.) and Punt et al. (2007Punt W, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Le Thomas A. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 143: 1-81.). For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the anthers were macerated, and the pollen grains (non-acetolyzed) were sprayed on supports covered with carbon tape (Melhem et al. 2003Melhem TS, Cruz-Barros MAV, Corrêa AMS, Makino-Watanabe H, Silvestre-Capelato MSF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2003. Variabilidade polínica em plantas de Campos de Jordão (São Paulo, Brasil). Boletim do Instituto de Botânica 16: 9-104.). The grains were analyzed using a Quanta 250 SEM (FEI, Ltd., Hillsboro, Oregon, USA) in the Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica (UFJF). The distribution map (Fig. 1) was prepared using the geographic information system (GIS) software QGIS 3.8 (QGIS Development Team 2021QGIS Development Team. 2021. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org
http://qgis.osgeo.org...
). The illustrations and photographs were made from materials deposited at the CESJ. The conservation status was informally evaluated based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 15 (IUCN 2022IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2022. Guidelines for using the IUCN redlist categories and criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the standards and petitions sub-committee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistguidelines.pdf.
https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/re...
).

Results and discussion

Taxonomic treatment

Passiflora purii Mezzonato, Lima & A.P.Gelli, sp. nov.

Type: BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: município de Rio Preto, 21º45’13.2” S, 43º21’36.4” W, 25 Jan. 2021, fl, A.P.G. de Faria & L.M.C. Lima 239 (holotype: CESJ!, isotype: RB!). (Figs. 2, 3).

Figure 2
Illustrations of Passiflora purii sp. nov. A. flowering branch. B. leaf adaxial. C. detail glands on petiole. D and E. bracts, showing variation in the shape. F. longitudinal section of flower. G. operculum insertion. H. operculum apex detail.

Figure 3
Passiflora purii. A. habit. B. detail gland (arrow). C.detail bracts (arrows). D. flower. E. detail hypanthium, highlight for the operculum (arrow). F. detail corona. G. longitudinal section of flower. H. fruit. I. pollen grains in polar view. J. pollen grains in equatorial view. K. ornamentation detail of the pollen grains. Scale bars: A, D, G = 3 mm, B, E, F = 2 mm, C= 1 mm, H = 7 mm., I, J= 10 µm, K = 2 µm. Photos from A. C. Mezzonato-Pires (A-G) e L.M.C. Lima (H).

Passiflora purii is characterized by the presence of two laterally glands in the petiole apex, ca. 1.0-2.1 mm from the leaf base; leaf blades elliptic or obovate; corona in 2 series of filaments, filaments of the first series 13-16 mm long, apical portion 3-4.5 mm long, base 0.4-0.6 mm wide, dolabriform, apex verrucose gradually attenuate, totally vinaceous; trochlea conical.

Scandent lianas or subshrubs; tendrils slender to robust, tomentose; spines present. Branches 0.2-0.5 cm in diameter, younger branches greenish brown, older branches brown, cylindrical, striate, slightly velutinous, trichomes yellow. Stipules 0.2-0.5 mm or deciduous. Petiole 1.0-2.5 cm long, slightly velutinous; 2 glands 1.0-2 × 0.5-0.7 mm, laterally of the petiole apex, ca. 1.0-2.1 mm from the leaf base, elliptic, margins and center nigrescent or yellowish. Leaf blades 5.0-8.0 × 1.8-4.5 cm, chartaceous, elliptic or obovate, apex acute or acuminate, base acute or attenuate, adaxial surface slightly velutinous in the midrib, abaxial surface velutinous; margins undulate; marginal glands present, < 0.2 mm; veins 10-13, straight to arched. Inflorescences uniflorous or biflorous; peduncle 5.4-8.8 mm long; bracts 1-1.2 x 0.4-0.6 mm, triangular with lobes at the base or linear; pedicel 6.7-11.3 mm long; flowers 2.6-3 cm long, 4.3-4.6 cm diameter; hypanthium 4.8-7 mm long, green, cylindric-campanulate; sepals 1.6-2.2 × 0.3-0.6 cm, linear-oblong, apex obtuse, adaxial surface glabrous, white, abaxial surface velutinous, green; petals 1.8-1.9 × 0.3-0.5 cm, linear-oblong, apex obtuse, glabrous, white; corona in 2 series of filaments, 5-9 mm from the base of the hypanthium, vinaceous, non-plumose; filaments of the first series 13-16 mm long, apical portion 3-4.5 mm long, widest portion 0.7-2 mm, base 0.4-0.6 mm wide, laterally compressed and inserted, dolabriform, apex verrucose gradually attenuate, totally vinaceous; filaments of the second series 1.5-4.8 × 0.1-0.3 mm, bifid, apex vinaceous, base yellowish; operculum 1.1- 2.2 mm long, apical portion 0.4-0.6 mm long, free, inserted at 2.5-4.5 mm from the base of the hypanthium, erect, apex fimbriate, papillose; androgynophore 0.8-1.7 cm long, trochlea 1.5-2.4 x 2.9-3.2 mm, 7.4-8.7 mm from the base, conical, vinaceous, filaments 3.5-5.4 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4-4.6 × 1.3-1.5 mm; pollen 6-colporate, with 3 pontopercula, exine semitectate, sexine reticulate, homobrochate; ovary 0.2-0.3 × 0.15-0.2 cm, oblong too vate, velutinous; style 3.5-5.5 mm long, 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, bottom half portion velutinous. Fruits 3-3.5 x 2 cm, obovoid, velutinous, seeds 4.4-5.4 x 2.7-3.6 mm, ca. 1.1 mm thick, reticulate.

Habitat and distribution - To the best of our knowledge, P. purii has been registered in only one location in the southern part of the Serra Negra da Mantiqueira, at an elevation of 1179 m a.s.l., in a dwarf cloud forest remnant surrounded by pasture and unprotected by the Conservation Unit (Fig. 1B). The individuals grow in typical soils of the region (sandy quartzite soils), characterized by the exposure of colluvial material resulting from the process of quartzite erosion (Oliveira & Marques 2014Oliveira CS, Marques RM. 2014. Caracterização e interpretação geoecológica da paisagem na Serra Negra e Serra de Três Cruzes/MG. Anais do I Simpósio Mineiro de Geografia: das diversidades à articulação geográfica. Alfenas. Universidade Federal de Alfenas. p. 489-503. ).

Phenology - Passiflora purii can be seen collected with flowers in January and February and observed with fruits in August.

Etymology - The new taxon described here received this specific epithet in honor of the Puri ethnicity, which, before the arrival of the Portuguese, inhabited the regions of SM located in the basins of the Paraíba do Sul River and the upper Rio Doce (Nimuendaju 2002Nimuendaju C. 2002. Mapa etno-histórico de Curt Nimuendaju. Brasília, IBGE/Ministério da Educação.). Contact with the colonizers, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, was catastrophic for the individuals of this ethnic group, who, in addition to being killed, enslaved, and kidnapped (especially women), do not own, to this day, their lands recognized by the National Indian Foundation (Ramos 2017Ramos MF. 2017. Re-existência e ressurgência indígena: diáspora e transformações do povo puri. MSc Thesis. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa.).

The colonization process also severely impacted Brazilian ecosystems and caused large-scale suppression and fragmentation of highly diverse biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest. However, the adaptations to the colonizers’ way of life were not enough to transfigure several characteristics inherited from their ancestors, and the Puri resisted due to the efforts of their descendants, who sought to rescue the history of their people. Likewise, the anthropic impacts observed in the location where P. purii was found were not sufficient to prevent the survival of this species. Precisely where the Puri lived a few centuries ago, they are honored not only with the epithet of a new species but also, indirectly, with the creation of a State Park and other Conservation Units in the Serra Negra da Mantiqueira destined for the preservation of the home of our native peoples, the forest.

IUCN conservation assessment - We estimate that the population of P. purii has less than 50 mature individuals. The individuals inhabit an isolated fragment of a dwarf cloud forest surrounded by pasture (Figs. 1B, 4), established alongside a tenuous watercourse. The place of occurrence of P. purii is private property unprotected by Conservation Units.

Figure 4
Habitat of Passiflora purii. A. General view from the top. B. General view of from under. C. View P. purii climbing. D. Detail of one climbing branch of P. purii.

In recent years, the flora of Serra Negra da Mantiqueira has been intensively studied (Abreu et al. 2011Abreu NL, Menini Neto L, Konno TUP. 2011. Orchidaceae das Serras Negra e do Funil, Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, e similaridade florística entre formações campestres e florestais do Brasil. Rodriguésia 25: 58-70.; Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2013Mezzonato-Pires AC, Salimena FRG, Bernacci LC. 2013. Passifloraceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64: 123-136.; Monteiro 2013Monteiro D. 2013. Piperaceae em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica da Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64: 379-398.; Salimena et al. 2013Salimena FRG, Matozinhos CN, Abreu NL, Ribeiro JHC, Souza FS, Menini Neto L. 2013. Flora fanerogâmica da Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64: 311-320.; Gonzaga et al. 2014Gonzaga DR, Zappi D, Furtado SG, Menini Neto L. 2014. Cactaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 65: 443-453.; Cabral et al. 2016Cabral A, Romão GO, Roman SA, Menini Neto L. 2016. Ericaceae da Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 67: 225-236.; Justino et al. 2016Justino LL, Salimena FRG, Chiavegatto B, Menini Neto L. 2016. O clado Merianthera e as tribos Merianieae e Microliceae (Melastomataceae) na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais. Rodriguésia 67: 823-838.; Miloski et al. 2017Miloski J, Somner GV, Salimena FRG, Menini Neto L. 2017. Sapindaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 68: 671-690.; Mota et al. 2017Mota MCA, Pastore JFB, Neto RM, Harley RM, Salimena FRG. 2017. Lamiaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 68: 143-157.; Cardoso et al. 2018Cardoso PH, Cabral A, Valério VIR, Salimena FRG. 2018. Verbenaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 69: 777-786.). Nevertheless, at present, we are not aware of any other locality in the region where this new species may occur. Even recent studies of Passiflora in other locations of the SM (Moraes et al. 2020Moraes AM, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Menini Neto L, Faria APG. 2020. Distribution patterns of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae s.s.) in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 43: 999-1012. ) and a recent taxonomic review performed in Passiflora subg. Astrophea (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2020Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonca CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2020. A taxonomic revision of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae sensu stricto) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 473: 1-60.) did not record any specimens that could be the new taxon described herein. Therefore, we suggest its inclusion in the Critically Endangered (CR) category of threat under criterion D, which considers very small or restricted populations with less than 50 mature individuals (IUCN 2022IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2022. Guidelines for using the IUCN redlist categories and criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the standards and petitions sub-committee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistguidelines.pdf.
https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/re...
).

Comments - Passiflora purii is described in Passiflora subg. Astrophea sect. Pseudoastrophea (Harms) Killip for presenting a cylindric-campanulate hypanthium smaller than its sepals and non-plumose corona. This species is closely related to P. elliptica, P. haematostigma, P. pentagona, and P. rhamnifolia (Fig. 5), all of which present two petiolate glands, a corona with two series of filaments, and a trochlea. However, P. purii can be distinguished from P. elliptica by the first series of dolabriform filaments (vs. liguliform filaments). The presence of a conical trochlea in P. purii brings it closer to P. rhamnifolia and distances it from P. haematostigma and P. pentagona, which present a fusiform trochlea. However, the presence of an operculum with a fimbriate apex, observed in P. purii, is also present in P. haematostigma and P. pentagona, although the length of the apical portion differs between them (P. purii: 0.4-0.6 mm; P. haematostigma: 1.27-1.7 mm; and P. pentagona: 0.73-1.32 mm). Passiflora purii differs from P. rhamnifolia mainly by the larger corona first series of filaments (13-16 mm vs. 8.94-9.22 mm), totally vinaceous (vs. yellow greenish with vinaceous spots), with the apical portion gradually larger and attenuated (3-4.5 mm vs. 2.66-3.72 mm), wider filaments of the second series (0.1-0.3 mm vs. 0.04-0.12 mm), and a wider conical trochlea (2.9-3.2 mm vs. 0.8-2.9 mm).

Figure 5
Comparison to morphologically similar species. A. Passiflora purii. B. Passiflora haematostigma Mart. ex Mast. C. Passiflora pentagona Mast. D. Passiflora rhamnifolia Mast. Photos from L.M.C. Lima (A), A.C. Mezzonato-Pires (B-D).

According to pollen studies already carried out for P. subg. Astrophea (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2015Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonça CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2015. Pollen morphology and detailed sexine of Passiflora L. subgenus Astrophea (DC.) Masters (Passifloraceae). Plant Systematic and Evolution 301: 2189-2202.; 2017Mezzonato-Pires AC, Mendonca CBF, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2017. The systematic value of pollen morphology of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae). Phytotaxa 298: 1-19.), P. purii is inserted in pollen type IV, characterized by pollen grains with semitectate exine; continuous muri; sexine simplicolumellate; formation of small lumina. The pollen morphology affirms the similarity between the species P. elliptica, P. haematostigma, P. pentagona, and P. rhamnifolia, which were also inserted in the same pollen type (Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2015Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonça CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2015. Pollen morphology and detailed sexine of Passiflora L. subgenus Astrophea (DC.) Masters (Passifloraceae). Plant Systematic and Evolution 301: 2189-2202.; 2017Mezzonato-Pires AC, Mendonca CBF, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2017. The systematic value of pollen morphology of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae). Phytotaxa 298: 1-19.).

With the description of P. purii, Minas Gerais contains 53 species of Passiflora, the largest and most important genus of Passifloraceae. Under Passiflora subg. Astrophea, Minas Gerais is now represented by four species. The three already known species are P. chlorina L.K. Escobar, P. haematostigma, and P. rhamnifolia. Passiflora chlorina is the most different and can be easily distinguished from P. purii by the crypts and puberulous indumentum on the abaxial veins of the leaf blade, dolabriform filaments of the first series with apex attenuate not gradually attenuate, and absent trochlea. Passiflora chlorina is the only species that occurs in the Cerrado, the other species (P. elliptica, P. haematostigma, P. pentagona and P. rhamnifolia) occur in Atlantic Forest.

Additional material examined (paratype). BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Rio Preto, zona rural, 21º45’13.2” S, 043º21’36.4” W, 06 Feb 2022, fl., A.C. Mezzonato, Y. Tavares & L.M.C. Lima 250 (CESJ, R); Rio Preto, zona rural, 21º45’13.2” S, 043º21’36.4” W, 05 Aug 2021, fr., L.M.C. Lima 06 (CESJ).

Key to the species of P. subgenus Astrophea section Pseudoastrophea similar to P. purii (sensu Mezzonato-Pires et al. 2020 Mezzonato-Pires AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Mendonca CBF, Gonçalves-Esteves V. 2020. A taxonomic revision of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae sensu stricto) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 473: 1-60. )

1. Corona filaments of the first series liguliform ......................................................... P. elliptica

1. Corona filaments of the first series dolabriform, long attenuate, gradually attenuate, margins verrucose, undulate or slightly undulate .................................................................................... 2

2. Operculum apex entire or irregularly with short incisions ................................. P. rhamnifolia

2. Operculum apex fimbriate ...................................................................................................... 3

3. Trochlea conical, corona totally vinaceous................................................................... P. purii

3. Trochlea fusiform; corona beige or yellow greenish with vinaceous spots............................ 4

4. Abaxial surface velutinous; bracts linear-setaceous .................................... P. haematostigma

4. Abaxial surface puberulous; bracts deltate to narrowly triangular ....................... P. pentagona

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Fábio Campos Lima, for allowing the field works in your property; the ICMBio by the collection authorization (SISBIO 23503-1); the Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica (UFJF), for providing the equipment and technical support for the pollen grains electron microscopy; the Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas (UFJF), for assistance with the analysis of the floral structures in the stereo microscope. We also thank Dr. Luiz Menini Neto (UFJF), who helped us with the elaboration of the maps.

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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    28 Oct 2022
  • Date of issue
    2022

History

  • Received
    10 May 2022
  • Accepted
    16 Sept 2022
Sociedade Botânica do Brasil SCLN 307 - Bloco B - Sala 218 - Ed. Constrol Center Asa Norte CEP: 70746-520 Brasília/DF. - Alta Floresta - MT - Brazil
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