Abordagens epistemológicas à ciência da informação: fenomenologia e Hermenêutica

Marciano, João Luiz Pereira

Resumos

Em sua patente interdisciplinaridade, a Ciência da Informação tangencia diversos domínios do conhecimento, quer estejam eles relacionados aos conteúdos de interesse, quer se relacionem às formas empregadas para representar tais conteúdos. Tal representação, por sua vez, é caracterizada não somente pelos símbolos e pelo vocabulário utilizados, mas principalmente pelo contexto intelectivo presente em sua elaboração e que acompanha todas as demais etapas do ciclo de vida da informação associada. Desse modo, a compreensão da mensagem (informação transmitida) e o conhecimento gerado a partir dela são dependentes tanto do aparato cognitivo do emissor quanto do receptor. O estudo desse processo requer um modelo capaz de analisar o conhecimento a partir de uma ótica isenta, independente do observador e do objeto de sua observação. A Fenomenologia propõe-se a realizar esse estudo do conhecimento do ponto de vista filosófico, interagindo, nesse processo, com as ciências cognitivas, as quais analisam os processos intelectivos envolvidos, e com a Ciência da Informação, a qual analisa a informação registrada.

Ciência da Informação; conhecimento; fenomenologia; ciências cognitivas

In its clear interdisciplinarity, the Information Science touches various knowledge domains, which are either related to its contents of interest, or related to the forms chosen to represent such contents. This representation, in turn, is characterized not only by its symbols and vocabulary, but mainly by the intelectual context available in its elaboration and which follows all the stages of the associated information life cicle. Therefore, the message (transmitted information) comprehension and the knowledge thus generated are dependent of both, the sender's and the receiver's cognitive apparatus. The study of this process requires a model capable of analyzing the knowledge from a neutral point of view, independent from both the observer and the object of its observation. The Phenomenology proposes to study knowledge from the philosophical point of view, interacting, in this process, with the cognitive sciences, which analyze the involved intelective processes, and with Information Science, which analyzes the registered information.

Information Science; knowledge; phenomenology; cognitive sciences

ADAMS, F. The informational turn in philosophy. Minds and Machines, v.13, n.4, p.471-501, 2003.
BRUZINA, R. Phenomenology and cognitive science: moving beyond the paradigms. Husserl Studies, v.20, n.1, p.43-88, 2004.
BURKITT, I. Psychology in the field of being: Merleau-Ponty, ontology and social constructionism. Theory & Psychology, v.13, n.3, p.319-338, 2003.
CAPURRO, R. Heidegger y la experiencia del lenguaje 1982. Disponible en: <http://www.capurro.de/boss.htm>. Acceso en: 24 May 2005.
CAPURRO, R. Hermeneutics and the phenomenon of information 2000. Available from: <http://www.capurro.de/ny86.htm>. Acess: 24 May 2005.
CORNELIUS, I. Information and its philosophy. Library Trends, v.52, n.3, p.377-386, 2004.
DEETZ, S. An understanding of science and a hermeneutic science of understanding. The Journal of Communication, v.23, n.2, p.139-159, 1973.
DRAUCKER, C.B. The critique of heideggerian hermeneutical nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, v.30, n.2, p.360-373, 1999.
DREYFUS, H.L. The current relevance of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of embodiment. Electronic Journal of Analytic Philosophy, v. 4, 1996. Available from: <http://www.focusing. org/apm_papers/dreyfus2.html>. Acess: 19 Apr. 2004.
DREYFUS, H.L. Why we do not have to worry about speaking the language of the computer. Information Technology & People, v.11, n.4, p.281-289, 1998.
FLORIDI, L. On defining library and information science as applied philosophy of information. Social Epistemology, v.16, n.1, p.37-49, 2002.
FLORIDI, L. What is the philosophy of information Metaphilosophy, v.33, n.1-2, p.123-145, 2002.
FLORIDI, L. Two approaches to the philosophy of information. Minds and Machines, v.13, n.4, p.459-469, 2003.
FLORIDI, L. LIS as applied philosophy of information: a reappraisal. Library Trends, v.52, n.3, p.658-665, 2004.
FLORIDI, L. Open problems on the philosophy of information. Metaphilosophy, v.35, n.4, p.554-582, 2004.
FRAGATA, J. A fenomenologia de Husserl como fundamento da filosofia Braga: Cruz-Braga, 1959.
GADAMER, H.-G. The hermeneutic circle: the elevation of the historicity of understanding to the status of a hermeneutic principle. In: ALCOFF, L.M. (Ed.). Epistemology: the big questions. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1998. p.232-247.
GALLAGHER, S.; VARELA, F. Redrawing the map and resetting the time: Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. In: CROWELL, S.; EMBREE, L.; JULIAN, S. J. (Ed.). The reach of reflection Delray Beach, Florida: Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, 2001.
GEANELLOS, R. Exploring Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory of interpretation as a method of analysing research texts. Nursing Inquiry, v.7, n.2, p.112-119, 2000.
GEORGE, V. The experience of being as goal of human existence: the Heideggerian approach. Washington: The Council for research in Values and Philosophy, 2000. (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. IIIB, South Asia, v. 2).
HEIDEGGER, M. On the essence of truth 1943. Available from: <http://foucault.info/links/related-heidegger/heidegger. essenceOfTruth.eng.html>. Acess: 26 May 2005.
HEIDEGGER, M. Being and Time Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985.
HEIDEGGER, M. The basic problems of the phenomenology Bloomington: Indiana University, 1998.
HEIDEGGER, M. Ser e Tempo 12.ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002. v.1.
HUSSERL, E. The crisis of european sciences and transcendental phenomenology: an introduction to phenomenological philosophy. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1970.
HUSSERL, E. Investigações lógicas: sexta investigação: elementos de uma elucidação fenomenológica do conheci-mento. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1996.
KARLSSON, I.; CHRISTIANSON, S.A. The phenomenology of traumatic experiences in police work. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, v.26, n.3, p.419-438, 2003.
MARCOULATOS, I. Merleau-Ponty and Bourdieu on Embodied Significance. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, v.31, n.1, p.1-27, 2001.
MARCOULATOS, I. John Searle and Pierre Bourdieu: Divergent perspectives on intentionality and social ontology. Human Studies, v.26, n.1, p.67-96, 2003.
MERLEAU-PONTY, M. Fenomenologia da percepção Rio de Janeiro: Freitas Bastos, 1971.
MINGERS, J. Embodying informations systems: the contribution of phenomenology. Information and organization, v.11, n.2, p.103-128, 2001.
MINGERS, J. Critical realism and information systems: brief responses to Monod and Klein. Information and organization, v.14, n.2, p.145-153, 2004.
MYLES, J.F. From doxa to experience: issues in Bourdieu's adoption of husserlian phenomenology. Theory, Culture & Society, v.21, n.2, p.99-107, 2004.
NG, K.B. Toward a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between situated action and planned action models of behavior in information retrieval contexts: contributions from phenomenology. Information Processing and Management, v.38, n.5, p.613-626, 2002.
PIERCEY, R. Ricoeur's account of tradition and the Gadamer-Habermas debate. Human Studies, v.27, n.3, p.259-280, 2004.
RICOEUR, P. Phenomenology and hermeneutics. Noûs, v.9, n.1, p.85-102, 1975.
RICOEUR, P. Hermeneutics and the human sciences Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
RICOEUR, P. Interpretação e ideologias 4.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1990.
RICOEUR, P. O si-mesmo como um outro São Paulo: Papirus, 1991.
SANDERS, P. Phenomenology: a new way of viewing organizational research. The Academy of Management Review, v.7, n.3, p.353-360, 1982.
STEGMÜLLER, W. A filosofia contemporânea: introdução crítica. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1977.
VARELA, F.J.; THOMPSON, E.; ROSCH, E. The embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993.
VILLELA-PETIT, M. Narrative identity and ipseity by Paul Ricoeur: from Ricoeur's'Time and Narrative' to'Oneself as an Other'. Online originals, 2003. Available from: <http://www. onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp? itemID=286>. Acess: 4 May 2005.
WERSIG, G. Information science: the study of postmodern knowledge usage. Information Processing & Management, v.29, n.2, p.229-239, 1993.
WHITE, J.D. Phenomenology and organization development. Public Administration Quarterly, v.14, n.1, p.76-85, 1990.
WILSON, T. Exploring models of information behaviour: the'uncertainty' project. Information Processing and Management, v.35, n.6, p.839-849, 1999.
WILSON, T.D. Alfred Schutz, phenomenology and research methodology for information behaviour research. 2002. Available from: <http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/schutz02.html>. Acess: 24 May 2005.
WILSON, T.D. Philosophical foundations and research relevance: issues for information research. Journal of Information Science, v.29, n.6, p.445-452, 2003.
WILSON, T.P. Conceptions of interaction and forms of sociological explanation. American Sociological Review, v.35, n.4, p.697-710, 1970.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
12 Set 2014
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2006

Histórico

Aceito
19 Set 2006
Recebido
12 Jun 2006

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, F. The informational turn in philosophy. Minds and Machines, v.13, n.4, p.471-501, 2003.

[2] BRUZINA, R. Phenomenology and cognitive science: moving beyond the paradigms. Husserl Studies, v.20, n.1, p.43-88, 2004.

[3] BURKITT, I. Psychology in the field of being: Merleau-Ponty, ontology and social constructionism. Theory & Psychology, v.13, n.3, p.319-338, 2003.

[4] CAPURRO, R. Heidegger y la experiencia del lenguaje 1982. Disponible en: <http://www.capurro.de/boss.htm>. Acceso en: 24 May 2005.

[5] CAPURRO, R. Hermeneutics and the phenomenon of information 2000. Available from: <http://www.capurro.de/ny86.htm>. Acess: 24 May 2005.

[6] CORNELIUS, I. Information and its philosophy. Library Trends, v.52, n.3, p.377-386, 2004.

[7] DEETZ, S. An understanding of science and a hermeneutic science of understanding. The Journal of Communication, v.23, n.2, p.139-159, 1973.

[8] DRAUCKER, C.B. The critique of heideggerian hermeneutical nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, v.30, n.2, p.360-373, 1999.

[9] DREYFUS, H.L. The current relevance of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of embodiment. Electronic Journal of Analytic Philosophy, v. 4, 1996. Available from: <http://www.focusing. org/apm_papers/dreyfus2.html>. Acess: 19 Apr. 2004.

[10] DREYFUS, H.L. Why we do not have to worry about speaking the language of the computer. Information Technology & People, v.11, n.4, p.281-289, 1998.

[11] FLORIDI, L. On defining library and information science as applied philosophy of information. Social Epistemology, v.16, n.1, p.37-49, 2002.

[12] FLORIDI, L. What is the philosophy of information Metaphilosophy, v.33, n.1-2, p.123-145, 2002.

[13] FLORIDI, L. Two approaches to the philosophy of information. Minds and Machines, v.13, n.4, p.459-469, 2003.

[14] FLORIDI, L. LIS as applied philosophy of information: a reappraisal. Library Trends, v.52, n.3, p.658-665, 2004.

[15] FLORIDI, L. Open problems on the philosophy of information. Metaphilosophy, v.35, n.4, p.554-582, 2004.

[16] FRAGATA, J. A fenomenologia de Husserl como fundamento da filosofia Braga: Cruz-Braga, 1959.

[17] GADAMER, H.-G. The hermeneutic circle: the elevation of the historicity of understanding to the status of a hermeneutic principle. In: ALCOFF, L.M. (Ed.). Epistemology: the big questions. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1998. p.232-247.

[18] GALLAGHER, S.; VARELA, F. Redrawing the map and resetting the time: Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. In: CROWELL, S.; EMBREE, L.; JULIAN, S. J. (Ed.). The reach of reflection Delray Beach, Florida: Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, 2001.

[19] GEANELLOS, R. Exploring Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory of interpretation as a method of analysing research texts. Nursing Inquiry, v.7, n.2, p.112-119, 2000.

[20] GEORGE, V. The experience of being as goal of human existence: the Heideggerian approach. Washington: The Council for research in Values and Philosophy, 2000. (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. IIIB, South Asia, v. 2).

[21] HEIDEGGER, M. On the essence of truth 1943. Available from: <http://foucault.info/links/related-heidegger/heidegger. essenceOfTruth.eng.html>. Acess: 26 May 2005.

[22] HEIDEGGER, M. Being and Time Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985.

[23] HEIDEGGER, M. The basic problems of the phenomenology Bloomington: Indiana University, 1998.

[24] HEIDEGGER, M. Ser e Tempo 12.ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002. v.1.

[25] HUSSERL, E. The crisis of european sciences and transcendental phenomenology: an introduction to phenomenological philosophy. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1970.

[26] HUSSERL, E. Investigações lógicas: sexta investigação: elementos de uma elucidação fenomenológica do conheci-mento. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1996.

[27] KARLSSON, I.; CHRISTIANSON, S.A. The phenomenology of traumatic experiences in police work. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, v.26, n.3, p.419-438, 2003.

[28] MARCOULATOS, I. Merleau-Ponty and Bourdieu on Embodied Significance. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, v.31, n.1, p.1-27, 2001.

[29] MARCOULATOS, I. John Searle and Pierre Bourdieu: Divergent perspectives on intentionality and social ontology. Human Studies, v.26, n.1, p.67-96, 2003.

[30] MERLEAU-PONTY, M. Fenomenologia da percepção Rio de Janeiro: Freitas Bastos, 1971.

[31] MINGERS, J. Embodying informations systems: the contribution of phenomenology. Information and organization, v.11, n.2, p.103-128, 2001.

[32] MINGERS, J. Critical realism and information systems: brief responses to Monod and Klein. Information and organization, v.14, n.2, p.145-153, 2004.

[33] MYLES, J.F. From doxa to experience: issues in Bourdieu's adoption of husserlian phenomenology. Theory, Culture & Society, v.21, n.2, p.99-107, 2004.

[34] NG, K.B. Toward a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between situated action and planned action models of behavior in information retrieval contexts: contributions from phenomenology. Information Processing and Management, v.38, n.5, p.613-626, 2002.

[35] PIERCEY, R. Ricoeur's account of tradition and the Gadamer-Habermas debate. Human Studies, v.27, n.3, p.259-280, 2004.

[36] RICOEUR, P. Phenomenology and hermeneutics. Noûs, v.9, n.1, p.85-102, 1975.

[37] RICOEUR, P. Hermeneutics and the human sciences Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

[38] RICOEUR, P. Interpretação e ideologias 4.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1990.

[39] RICOEUR, P. O si-mesmo como um outro São Paulo: Papirus, 1991.

[40] SANDERS, P. Phenomenology: a new way of viewing organizational research. The Academy of Management Review, v.7, n.3, p.353-360, 1982.

[41] STEGMÜLLER, W. A filosofia contemporânea: introdução crítica. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1977.

[42] VARELA, F.J.; THOMPSON, E.; ROSCH, E. The embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993.

[43] VILLELA-PETIT, M. Narrative identity and ipseity by Paul Ricoeur: from Ricoeur's'Time and Narrative' to'Oneself as an Other'. Online originals, 2003. Available from: <http://www. onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp? itemID=286>. Acess: 4 May 2005.

[44] WERSIG, G. Information science: the study of postmodern knowledge usage. Information Processing & Management, v.29, n.2, p.229-239, 1993.

[45] WHITE, J.D. Phenomenology and organization development. Public Administration Quarterly, v.14, n.1, p.76-85, 1990.

[46] WILSON, T. Exploring models of information behaviour: the'uncertainty' project. Information Processing and Management, v.35, n.6, p.839-849, 1999.

[47] WILSON, T.D. Alfred Schutz, phenomenology and research methodology for information behaviour research. 2002. Available from: <http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/schutz02.html>. Acess: 24 May 2005.

[48] WILSON, T.D. Philosophical foundations and research relevance: issues for information research. Journal of Information Science, v.29, n.6, p.445-452, 2003.

[49] WILSON, T.P. Conceptions of interaction and forms of sociological explanation. American Sociological Review, v.35, n.4, p.697-710, 1970.

Brasil

Brasil

Abordagens epistemológicas à ciência da informação: fenomenologia e Hermenêutica

Epistemological approachs to the information science: phenomenology and hermeneutics

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico