SCIENTIFIC PHYSICAL CORE STRENGTH TRAINING OF ADOLESCENT GROUP

TREINO CIENTÍFICO DE FORÇA DO CORE DE UM GRUPO DE ADOLESCENTES

ENTRENAMIENTO CIENTÍFICO DE FUERZA DEL CORE DE UN GRUPO DE ADOLESCENTES

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A strong core can be more stable and improve the body posture of adolescents. This enables the organic integration and development of all parts of the body, as well as the coordination of the upper and lower limbs. Core strength training is conducive to improving its physical strength in the youth group.

Objective:

To study the influence of core strength on adolescents’ motor skills and physical literacy.

Methods:

40 teenagers were selected for group training. The experimental group performed core strength training, while the control group used traditional strength training. After the training period, the improvement of the physical fitness and motor skills of the two groups of volunteers was analyzed.

Results:

There were statistical differences between the two groups of young athletes in various technical and physical fitness indicators.

Conclusion:

Core strength training can improve the basic skills of young athletes, such as fast running, jumping and so on, but the effect of improving high physical fitness is not obvious. The experiment shows that a certain period of core strength training can improve their physical and motor skills. In future training for youth, core strength training should be advocated. Level of evidence II; Evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials.

Keywords:
Adolescent; Athletes; Physical Fitness Test; Strength Training

RESUMO

Introdução:

Um core mais forte pode ser mais estável e melhorar a postura corporal de adolescentes. Isso permite que haja uma integração orgânica e um desenvolvimento de todas as partes do corpo, assim como a coordenação dos membros superiores e inferiores. O treino da força do core leva à melhoria de sua força física no grupo de jovens.

Objetivo:

Estudar a influência da força do core nas habilidades motoras e na literacia física.

Métodos:

40 adolescentes foram selecionados para treinamento em grupo. O grupo experimental passou por um treino da força do core, enquanto o grupo controle passou por treinos de força padrão. Depois do período de treino, a melhoria na aptidão física e nas habilidades motoras de ambos os grupos foi analisada.

Resultados:

Houve diferenças estatísticas entre os dois grupos de jovens atletas em diversos indicadores técnicos e de aptidão física.

Conclusão:

A força do core pode trazer melhorias às habilidades básicas de jovens atletas, tais como corrida em velocidade, saltos, e outras, mas seu efeito na melhoria da aptidão física de alto nível não é óbvio. O experimento mostrou que um certo período de treino de força do core pode aprimorar habilidades motoras e físicas. Recomenda-se a indicação do treino de força do core em treinamentos futuros para jovens. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

Descritores:
Adolescente; Atletas; Teste de Esforço; Treinamento de Força

RESUMEN

Introducción:

Un core más fuerte puede ser más estable y auxiliar en la mejoría de la postura corporal de adolescentes. Esto permite que haya una integración orgánica y un desarrollo de todas las partes del cuerpo, así como la coordinación de los miembros superiores e inferiores. El entrenamiento de la fuerza del core proporciona la mejoría de su fuerza física en el grupo de jóvenes.

Objetivo:

Estudiar la influencia de la fuerza del core en las habilidades motoras y en la alfabetización física.

Métodos:

Fueron seleccionados 40 adolescentes para entrenamiento en grupo. El grupo experimental pasó por un entrenamiento de la fuerza del core, mientras que el grupo control pasó por entrenamientos de fuerza estándar. Después del periodo de entrenamiento, fue analizada la mejoría en la aptitud física y en las habilidades motoras de ambos grupos.

Resultados:

Hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los dos grupos de jóvenes atletas en diversos indicadores técnicos y de aptitud física.

Conclusión:

La fuerza del core puede proporcionar mejorías en las habilidades básicas de jóvenes atletas, tales como corrida en velocidad, saltos y otras, sin embargo, su efecto en el perfeccionamiento de la aptitud física de alto nivel no es obvio. El experimento mostró que un cierto periodo de entrenamiento de fuerza del core puede mejorar habilidades motoras y físicas. Se recomienda la indicación de entrenamiento de fuerza del core en preparaciones futuras para jóvenes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Descriptores:
Adolescente; Atletas; Prueba de esfuerzo; Entrenamiento de fuerza

INTRODUCTION

Core strength training improves the coordination and flexibility of athletes by mobilizing coordinated movements of the whole body. In the process of core strength training, it can improve the speed, coordination and other sports literacy abilities. This ensures that the core muscles of young athletes remain stable and show higher stability during exercise.¹ At present, the teaching theories, methods and methods adopted by most young athletes in the process of sports training are relatively traditional. Poor physical fitness and inadequate basic skills of young athletes have become the main factors affecting the effect of their physical exercises. This article uses core strength training theory to compare the effects of traditional strength training and core strength training on the physical fitness and basic skills of young athletes. In this way, we can explore the training model of the core strength of the youth group's physical strength and improve the corresponding training system process.

METHOD

Research object

We selected 40 young athletes and randomly grouped them. There are 20 people in the control group and 20 people in the experimental group.² All athletes and their guardians have fully informed consent to the procedure and purpose of this experiment.

Research methods

In this study, the young athletes in the experimental group received core strength training, and the young athletes in the control group received traditional strength training.³ The adolescents in the experimental group and the control group had 12 weeks of strength training. Finally, compare the physical fitness and basic technical indicators of the experimental group and the control group before and after the experiment.

Core strength training mainly includes freehand training and equipment training. (1) Free-hand training: knee flexion cross, side arm flexion hip flexion knee flexion, double-end supine, side bend supine, prone two-point support, side-lying leg bending, etc. (2) Equipment training: lying on both ends of the ball, side-lying elbow support, holding dumbbells, flat lifting, arm support, bending leg to catch the Swiss ball, etc. The training is from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, and is carried out in groups. The athletes receive 12 weeks of training.

The content of traditional strength training mainly includes (1) push-ups, push-ups, leg lifts, and push-ups at both ends. (2) Sit-ups, prone and leg lift, supine at both ends. (3) Barbell bench press, barbell deadlift, front neck lift, back neck lift, barbell squat, barbell squat. (4) Pull-ups and so on. Work in groups and train reasonably. The athletes receive 12 weeks of training.

Modeling the Coordination Ability of Young Athletes’ Upper and Lower Limbs

This paper proposes a core force dynamics analysis model based on the Lagrangian dynamics model.⁴ The article uses the inverse kinematics analysis model to decompose the force of the whole joint structure of the core force action.

The Lagrangian dynamic model based on grid decomposition uses the redundancy of the athlete's right arm core strength to perform continuous mechanical decomposition actions.⁵

(1) $$\boxed{C_{ijkl}=2\frac{1}{4V}\frac{\left(W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{ij}{\epsilon }_{kl}}\right)-W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{ij}}-W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{kl}}}{{\epsilon }_{ij}{\epsilon }_{kl}}}$$

(2) $$\boxed{C_{ijkl}=2\frac{1}{2V}\frac{\left(W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{ij}}\overline{{\epsilon }_{kl}}\right)-W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{ij}}-W^{*}\overline{{\epsilon }_{kl}}}{{\epsilon }_{ij}{\epsilon }_{kl}}}$$

The Jacobian matrix of core strength training for young athletes is $J(\theta )\in R^{6\times 10}$. We get the energy equivalent relationship of the movement burst as

(3) $$\boxed{\theta =J^{*}{P}_e+\left(I-J^{+}J\right)\xi }$$

Statistical methods

The article uses SPSS 20.0 software for statistical analysis. Quantitative data is expressed in form $\overline{x}\pm s$. Paired t-test was used to compare the means of paired design data.⁶ Two independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of independent sample data. Data that does not meet the t-test conditions are compared using the rank-sum test. P<0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant.

RESULTS

Comparison of the basic data of the two groups of young athletes before the experiment

Before the experiment, the basic data of the experimental group and the control group young athletes were collected and sorted out. This provides a basis for future analysis of experimental results.⁷ The results in Table 1 showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of age, height, weight, approach height, and core strength training (P>0.05). This shows that there is no statistical difference between the basic data of the experimental group and the control group before starting the experiment.

Table 1
Comparison of the basic data of the two groups of young athletes before the experiment.

	Experimental group	Control group	t	P
Age	19.6±1.37	19.1±1.04	1.3	0.201
Height (cm)	176.8±2.68	177.6±2.56	0.965	0.34
Weight (kg)	71.3±3.66	71.8±3.23	0.458	0.65
Approach height (m)	2.82±1.32	2.84±1.88	0.039	0.969
Fast running across the court	36.8±1.14	37.2±1.81	0.836	0.408
Exercise frequency (times/minute)	6.7±1.33	7.2±1.34	1.184	0.244

This article studies the influence of core strength on adolescents’ motor skills and physical literacy

Comparison of the physical stamina and basic skills of the two groups of young athletes before and after the experiment

By comparing the indicators of the two groups of young athletes before and after the experiment, the following results are obtained. Except for approach and exercise intensity, the differences in physical fitness of the young athletes in the experimental group before and after the experiment were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the experiment, the rapid growth of core strength of young athletes was higher than before.⁸ There was no difference in various indexes of young athletes before and after the experiment. (Table 2) This shows that core strength training can improve the basic physical fitness of young people, such as fast running, jumping, etc., but the effect of technical training is not obvious.

Table 2
Comparison of physical stamina and basic skills of the two groups of young athletes before and after the experiment.

	Before the experiment	After the experiment	Difference	t	P
test group
Approach height (m)	2.88 ± 1.32	2.95 ± 1.21	0.08 ± 1.27	0.282	0.781
Rapid movement of the whole field (s)	36.8 ± 1.14	35.4 ± 1.57	1.44 ± 1.33	2.764	0.012
Number of beats (times/min)	6.7 ± 1.33	8.9 ± 1.08	2.23 ± 1.16	8.597	<0.001
Comparison group
Jump height (m)	2.84 ± 1.88	2.90 ± 1.75	0.05 ± 1.77	0.126	0.901
The number of fast dribbling runs (s)	37.2 ± 1.81	36.6 ± 1.64	0.63 ± 1.67	1.055	0.305
Exercise frequency (times/min)	7.2 ± 1.34	7.5 ± 1.03	0.34 ± 1.31	1.161	0.26

Comparison of the physical stamina and basic skills of the two groups of young athletes after the experiment

There was a statistically significant difference in core strength development between the experimental group of young athletes and the control group of young athletes in the process of fast exercise (P<0.05). The jumping height and distance of adolescent athletes in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group.⁹ This shows that core strength training can improve the basic skills of young athletes, such as fast running, jumping, etc., but the effect of improving high physical fitness is not obvious. (Table 3)

Table 3
Comparison of physical stamina and basic skills of the two groups of young athletes after the experiment.

	Experimental group	Control group	t	P
Approach height (m)	2.95±1.21	2.90±1.75	0.105	0.917
Rapid movement of the whole court(s)	35.4±1.57	36.6±1.64	2.364	0.023
Bounce frequency (times/min)	8.9±1.08	7.5±1.03	4.195	<0.001

DISCUSSION

Improving the core strength of young people is a comprehensive sport. This sport has many requirements for physical fitness. The content includes body flexibility, flexibility and explosive power. Traditional sports training has been difficult to meet the new requirements of the development of modern science and technology on the physical fitness and basic athletic ability of college students, especially basic physical training.¹⁰ Core strength training is more scientific, diverse and innovative than traditional training methods.

Relevant studies have shown that core strength training can improve the coordination, balance, flexibility and other physical qualities of young athletes, and improve the technical level and physical fitness of athletes. However, the traditional training method has a wide range of training and is not sufficient for physical training.¹¹ It is impossible to conduct targeted training on the physical fitness and basic skills of young athletes, and the improvement effect is slow. This study confirmed that core strength training is a supplement to the physical and basic skills training of young athletes. This method can make up for the single training effect of traditional training methods and improve the overall quality of athletes’ physical coordination and flexibility. Foreign scholars engaged in related research pointed out that core strength training has a limited effect on the improvement of certain physical fitness of young athletes in the short term. Only after a certain training time can the physical fitness index be improved, and the longer the training time, the more obvious the training effect.¹² This study shows that core strength training failed to increase the height of entry of young athletes. This shows that it is difficult for core strength to improve physical fitness in a short period of time.

This study also has certain shortcomings. First of all, the main reason why we choose forty teenage athletes as the research objects is for the convenience of the study.¹³ However, due to individual differences in athletes, regional differences and other reasons, this study may have selection bias. Secondly, although this study carried out strict quality control on training methods and time, there are still many uncertain factors. For example, the lifestyle and physical condition of the athletes on the day of the test may cause errors in the test results and actual conditions.

CONCLUSION

Core strength training can improve the basic skills of young athletes, such as fast running, jumping and so on, but the effect of improving high physical fitness is not obvious. It can be seen that the introduction of core strength training into the daily strength training of young athletes can help improve the effects of long-distance running and jumping training for young athletes. Core sports can improve the physical quality and basic motor skills of young athletes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Research Project of Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Planning: Research on the Design and Practice of Functional Fitness Training for Guangxi Adolescents (Approval number: 20FTY013)

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  28 Feb 2022
• Date of issue
  May-Jun 2022

History

• Received
  03 Nov 2021
• Accepted
  23 Nov 2021