DEVELOPMENT OF ABDOMINAL CENTER STRENGTH IN AEROBIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETES

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORÇA DO CENTRO ABDOMINAL NOS ATLETAS DE GINÁSTICA AERÓBICA

DESARROLLO DE LA FUERZA DEL NÚCLEO ABDOMINAL EN ATLETAS DE GIMNASIA AERÓBICA

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Aerobic gymnastics is a young and popular sports event among contemporary Chinese people. Its technical level is rapidly developed when practiced frequently.

Objective:

Study the development of muscular strength in the abdominal core of professional aerobics athletes.

Methods:

Common problems and deficiencies in training were analyzed through systematic reading, questionnaires, mathematical statistics, and other research methods. The experiment was conducted with 40 young aerobic gymnastic athletes randomly divided into the experimental and control group. Fitness, abdominal core strength, and movement execution were tested before and after the intervention, which lasted 12 weeks. The data were statistically processed for analysis and discussion.

Results:

According to the independent sample-t-tests on the data, the t-values of the three test groups represented 2.675, 2.971, and 2.804, respectively; the t-value was judged under a 95% confidence interval, where P<0. 05 was obtained, confirming a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The mean difference can be considered as the result of abdominal core strength training and traditional training; the mean improvement rate of the control group was only 26.24% over the improvement rate of the experimental group.

Conclusion:

The mean EMG value was higher in the experimental group, directly relating to a gain in joint stability, especially ankle joint stability, which is required by the specific aerobic techniques. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Gymnastics; Resistance Training; Abdominal Core

RESUMO

Introdução:

A ginástica aeróbica é um evento esportivo jovem e muito popular entre os chineses contemporâneos. O seu nível técnico é rapidamente desenvolvido quando praticada frequentemente.

Objetivo:

Estudar o desenvolvimento da força muscular no centro abdominal dos atletas profissionais de aeróbica.

Métodos:

Foram analisados os problemas e deficiências comuns no treinamento através de leitura sistemática, questionários, estatísticas matemáticas e outros métodos de pesquisa. O experimento foi realizado com 40 jovens atletas de ginástica aeróbica divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle. O condicionamento físico, força do centro abdominal e execução de movimentos foram testados antes e após a intervenção que durou 12 semanas. Os dados foram processados estatisticamente para análise e discussão.

Resultados:

Segundo os testes independentes de amostra-t nos dados, os valores-t dos três grupos de testes representaram 2.675, 2.971 e 2.804, respectivamente, o valor-t foi julgado sob intervalo de confiança de 95%, onde P<0. 05 foi obtido, confirmando uma diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle. A diferença média pode ser considerada como o resultado do treinamento de força do centro abdominal e do treinamento tradicional, a taxa média de melhoria do grupo controle foi de apenas 26,24% sobre a taxa de melhoria do grupo experimental.

Conclusão:

O valor médio do EMG mostrou-se superior no grupo experimental, relacionando diretamente um ganho na estabilidade das articulações, especialmente a estabilidade da articulação do tornozelo, que é exigida pelas técnicas específicas da aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Descritores:
Ginástica; Treinamento de Força; Centro Abdominal

RESUMEN

Introducción:

La gimnasia aeróbica es un evento deportivo joven y muy popular entre los chinos contemporáneos. Su nivel técnico se desarrolla rápidamente cuando se practica con frecuencia.

Objetivo:

Estudiar el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en el núcleo abdominal de atletas profesionales de aeróbica.

Métodos:

Se analizaron los problemas y las deficiencias comunes en la formación mediante la lectura sistemática, los cuestionarios, la estadística matemática y otros métodos de investigación. El experimento se realizó con 40 jóvenes atletas de gimnasia aeróbica divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El acondicionamiento físico, la fuerza del núcleo abdominal y la ejecución de los movimientos se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención, que duró 12 semanas. Los datos se procesaron estadísticamente para su análisis y discusión.

Resultados:

De acuerdo con las pruebas-t de muestras independientes sobre los datos, los valores-t de los tres grupos de prueba representaron 2,675, 2,971 y 2,804, respectivamente, el valor-t se juzgó bajo un intervalo de confianza del 95%, donde se obtuvo P<0. 05, confirmando una diferencia significativa entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control. La diferencia media puede considerarse como el resultado del entrenamiento de fuerza del núcleo abdominal y el entrenamiento tradicional, la tasa de mejora media del grupo de control fue sólo del 26,24% sobre la tasa de mejora del grupo experimental.

Conclusión:

El valor medio de la EMG resultó ser mayor en el grupo experimental, lo que relaciona directamente una ganancia de estabilidad articular, especialmente la estabilidad de la articulación del tobillo, requerida por las técnicas específicas del aeróbic. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Descriptores:
Gimnasia; Entrenamiento de Fuerza; Núcleo Abdominal

INTRODUCTION

Aerobics is a young sports event, today, aerobics is very popular among young people in our country, aerobics is widely carried out, and its technical movement level develops very fast. In just 20 years, China has cultivated a large number of high-level competitive athletes, and its overall competitive strength has reached the ranks of world powers. However, basic strength training is the premise and guarantee for maintaining athlete's high-level competitive ability.¹ Core strength training is the main content of basic strength training. In competitive aerobics, most of the power comes from the strength of the core area, and the strength of the limbs comes from the divergence and transmission of the strength of the core area, if the strength of the core area is weak, the power transmission will be interrupted, and the serving effect will be affected. At present, the research on core strength training in competitive aerobics projects mainly focuses on the impact of core strength training on the physical quality of athletes, while the specific impact of core strength training on the difficulty of competitive aerobics is less.²,³

METHOD

Research object

Research object: Experiment on the effect of core strength training on the difficulty of competitive aerobics group B.

Subjects: The author took 40 young athletes of competitive aerobics training in a competitive aerobics training base as the experimental subjects.

Research methods

1. Documentation

After determining the research direction, the author conducted extensive searches on databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data Resource System, and Internet resources, at the same time, he consulted the relevant collections in the library of Shandong Normal University, and collected and sorted out the relevant papers, papers and articles related to the author's research. monographs, books, etc.

2. Experimental research method

This experimental method adopts pre-test and post-test experiments, and randomly selects 40 young athletes of competitive aerobics from the Yuanyi competitive aerobics training base as the experimental objects, and randomly according to the standard of gender ratio of 1:1, the 40 people were divided into experimental group and control group, in order to ensure the effect of the experiment, the basic physical condition, core strength and the completion of the difficult movements of group B were pre-tested before the experiment.² After the 12-week training period, post-experimental tests were conducted on the test athletes, all test scores of the two groups of young athletes, an expert group composed of three aerobics coaches from the training base was assessed according to unified rules, and all the test data were statistically analyzed to draw a final conclusion and put forward personal opinions.⁴,⁵

4. Mathematical Statistics

For the relevant data obtained from the survey and test before and after the experiment, first, enter the Excel table for statistics, and use SPSS21.0 software to process the data.

Ethical Compliance

Research experiments conducted in this article with animals or humans were approved by the Ethical Committee and responsible authorities of Communication University of Zhejiang following all guidelines, regulations, legal, and ethical standards as required for humans or animals.

RESULTS

Physical condition test data analysis

In order to ensure the scientificity of the experimental design and the universality of the experimental results, a physical condition test was conducted on 40 randomly selected and grouped young athletes, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
The analysis data of the physical condition of the two groups of young athletes.

As can be seen from Figure 1 above, the 40 young athletes are all 16-18 years old, the average heights of the experimental group and the control group are 168.6cm and 169.67cm, and the average weights are 58.7kg and 57.60kg, respectively, the normal range of the National Student Physical Health Standard is basically the same.⁶

Core strength quality test

Following the three core strength quality index testing methods designed in the previous chapter, 40 young athletes were tested after core strength training, the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Test scores of young athletes.

test group				control group
Numbering	Level 5 side bridge	Sixth grade up bridge	Eight-level abdominal bridge	Numbering	Level 5 side bridge	Sixth grade up bridge	Eight-level abdominal bridge
A01	25	40	100	B01	15	9	25
A02	15	25	100	B02	15	25	65
A03	25	40	65	B03	9	25	40
A04	9	25	40	B04	15	15	65
A05	25	40	100	B05	15	15	40
A06	25	40	100	B06	25	25	65
A07	25	15	65	B07	25	40	100
A08	25	25	65	B08	25	15	65
A09	25	40	100	B09	15	15	40
A10	25	15	40	B10	25	40	65

The core strength quality test scores of young athletes in Table 1, imported SPSS21.0 software for independent sample T-test mathematical analysis, and obtained the test analysis table of core strength quality of young athletes in Table 2.

Table 2
Analysis of core strength quality test of young athletes.

Test items	Statistical data	Test group	Control group	Data analysis
Level 5 side bridge	Number of samples	20	20	t=2.68
	mean	21.2	16.6	df=38
	standard deviation	5.46	5.41	sig=0.40
	standard error of the mean	1.22	1.21	sig (bilateral)=0.011
Sixth grade up bridge	Number of samples	20	20	t=2.97
	mean	30.2	21.2	df=38
	standard deviation	9.66	9.71	sig=0.57
	standard error of the mean	2.16	2.17	sig (bilateral)=0.005
Eight-level abdominal bridge	Number of samples	20	20	t=2.80
	mean	73.5	54.5	df=38
	standard deviation	21.77	21.08	sig=0.76
	standard error of the mean	4.87	4.71	sig (bilateral)=0.008

As can be seen from Table 2, in the post-test of the experiment, there are significant differences in the mean and standard error of the test group and the control group in the test of the fifth-grade side bridge, the sixth-grade supine bridge and the eighth-grade abdominal bridge. When the software performs the Levene test of the variance equation on the two groups of data tested in the three groups, the test values sig of the fifth-level side bridge, the sixth-level vertical bridge and the eighth-level abdominal bridge are 0.397, 0.569 and 0.760, which are much larger than 0.05, it shows that the overall variance of the two independent samples from the experimental group and the control group in the comparison data center of the three groups of tests is homogenous. The software conducts independent sample t-test on the data, the t-values of the three groups of tests are 2.675, 2.971, and 2.804, respectively, for judge the t-value, t>t0.025 (38), the confidence interval is selected as 95%, and P<0.05 is obtained, it shows that there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group at the 95% level, and the mean difference can be regarded as the result of core strength training and traditional training.⁷

As can be seen from Table 3, after 40 young athletes trained for a period of 12 weeks, compared with before the experiment, the test scores of the fifth-level side bridge, the sixth-level vertical bridge and the eighth-level abdominal bridge showed an upward trend, it shows that both training methods can enhance the core muscle group of young athletes. However, the improvement rates of the three groups in the experimental group were 41.33%, 69.94%, and 58.06%, respectively, and the corresponding improvement rates in the control group were 7.10%, 19.49%, and 17.84%, respectively, the average improvement rate of the control group was only 26.24% of the improvement rate of the experimental group, which is enough to prove that core strength training is more effective than traditional waist and abdominal training in improving the endurance and control of the front and side muscles of the core area, especially the eight In the abdominal bridge test, the difference in improvement points reached 18.75 points.

Table 3
Comparison of data before and after the experiment.

Test content	Test group			Control group			Raise the difference
	Front side of experiment	Back of the experiment	Lift rate	Front side of experiment	Back of the experiment	Lift rate
level 5 side bridge	15.0	21.2	41.3%	15.5	16.6	7.1%	5.1
Sixth grade up bridge	17.8	30.3	69.9%	17.7	21.2	19.5%	9.0
Eight-level abdominal bridge	46.5	73.5	58.1%	46.3	54.5	17.8%	18.8

DISCUSSION

The main reason for the difference is that in the training program of core strength, there are scientific aspects such as training method, exercise direction and exercise load.⁸ Comparing the movement directions, the core strength training design fully considers multi-dimensional movements such as oblique, lateral flexion, flexion and extension, and rotation, in contrast, traditional waist and abdomen training is mainly one-dimensional movement. Compared with exercise load, the core strength training load is lighter than the traditional waist and abdomen training, the Swiss ball, suspension belt and other training equipment are used to create unstable training interface conditions, emphasizing the transition between stability and instability, and cultivate the stability of young athletes, the ability to control, especially the large and small muscle groups around various joints, is more beneficial, so it can improve the performance of the core strength quality test.⁹

CONCLUSION

Through the above experimental post-test and pre- and post-test comparative analysis, it can be concluded that the test results of the two groups of young athletes in the fifth-level side bridge, sixth-level vertical bridge and eighth-level abdominal bridge were tested by independent samples T-test, and the test scores of the three groups were 95%, there are significant differences in levels, and the mean difference can be seen as a result of core strength training and traditional training. Both training methods achieved the effect of enhancing the core muscle group of young athletes, and the improvement rates of the three groups in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. Before the core strength training, the overall core strength of the young athletes was weak, and the scores of the split-leg support rotation and right-angle support rotation were low when they completed the difficult movements of Group B, and they mostly stopped at 360 degrees of rotation, the number of people who completed the acute angle support and the horizontal support is very small, indicating that the core strength is insufficient and needs to be strengthened urgently. Both core strength training and traditional waist and abdominal training can enhance the core muscle group, but core strength training can more effectively improve the strength of the core area and prevent sports injuries.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1. Education Planning project of Zhejiang Province in 2022, Project No. is 2022SCG248, the title of project is “Research on the Relationship between College Student's Sports Aesthetic Tendency and Physical Exercise Behavior under the Ideological and Political Education Backgroud”.

2. 2019 Senior Visiting Scholar program of Zhejiang Province, Project No. is FX2019032, the title of program is “The Relationship between Sports Aesthetic Tendency and Sports Exercise Behavior: a Chain Mediation Model of Sports Value Judgment and Internal Motivation of Sports Participation”.

3. 2021 Scientific Research Promotion project of Communication University of Zhejiang For Young Teachers, Project No. is ZC21XJ027, the title of project is “The Development and Optimization Paths of Aesthetic Sports in University”.

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  20 Jan 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  01 Nov 2022
• Accepted
  25 Nov 2022