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First occurrence of Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834) from low-orders streams in a protected area at Cerrado-Amazon boundary, central Brazil

Headwaters originated in boundary areas naturally flow towards the basins, most of the time forming ecological corridors for many aquatic species. Based on the potential of the surveying the fauna in these connection areas to become an important strategy to reduce gaps related to geographical distribution of aquatic species, this study was developed in streams of a protected area in Cerrado-Amazon boundary.

This study was developed in the Parque Estadual da Serra de Ricardo Franco, Mato Grosso state, central Brazil (between parallels 14°50’17.02” and 14°55’34.00” S; between meridians 60°1’9.98” and 60°11’35.02” W), on March 2014, in headwater streams of a protected area in Cerrado-Amazon boundary. The state Park, with an area of 158,620 ha, is located on the Brazilian Shield in a transition zone between the Amazonian rain forest and the dry forest and Cerrado savannas. In the uplands of the park the streams flow into the upper course of the Guaporé river, from Madeira river basin, Amazon. The cliffs of the serra de Ricardo Franco rise up 200 m tall and many locations have waterfalls. This study presents the first record of rotiferan Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834).

Identification was based on Koste (1978)KOSTE, W., 1978. Rotatoria Die Rodertiere Mitteleuropas begründet von Max Voigt - Mongononta. Stuttgart: Borntraeger, 2 vol., 238 p. and Koste and Robertson (1983)KOSTE, W. and ROBERTSON, B., 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzea lake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil). Amazoniana, vol. 8, pp. 225-254.. Nomenclature and taxonomy were based by Segers (2007)SEGERS, H., 2007. Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution. Zootaxa, vol. 1564, no. 1, pp. 1-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564.1.1.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564....
. Rotiferans were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 25x magnification. Filinia longiseta specimens were measured at the longest part of the animal’s body and two spines – the lateral and also the caudal seta were measured separately. Specimens were deposited in the Laboratory of Limnology at the University of Brasília (UnB-DF), Federal District, Brazil (sample CZ 0114).

Specimens dimensions: Body length: 177±3 µm; Lateral setae length: 520±15 µm; caudal setae length: 300±8 µm. Type of habitat: low-order streams.

Filinia longiseta has a broad distribution, including Paleartic and Neartic, Afrotropical and Neotropical, Oriental and Australian regions (Segers, 2007SEGERS, H., 2007. Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution. Zootaxa, vol. 1564, no. 1, pp. 1-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564.1.1.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564....
). Despite countless records by Filinia longiseta in Brazilian inland waters (Garraffoni and Lourenço, 2012GARRAFFONI, A.R.S. and LOURENÇO, A.P., 2012. Synthesis of Brazilian Rotifera: an updated list of species. Check List, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 375-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375...
), there are few registers of this species in Mato Grosso state, local where this study was done. Four studies were conducted in the region, and from these, only Turner and Silva (1992)TURNER, P.N. and SILVA, C., 1992. Littoral rotifers from the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 227-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650529209360881.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650529209360...
and Neves et al. (2003)NEVES, I.F., ROCHA, O., ROCHE, K.F. and PINTO, A.A., 2003. Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the River Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera diversity. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000200018. PMid:14509855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003...
reported Filinia longiseta.

Filinia longiseta has been registered in many types of Brazilian water bodies. In Amazon region, this species may be founded in varzea lakes (Koste and Robertson, 1983KOSTE, W. and ROBERTSON, B., 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzea lake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil). Amazoniana, vol. 8, pp. 225-254.), in rivers (Koste and Hardy, 1984KOSTE, W. and HARDY, E.R., 1984. Taxonomic studies and new distribution records of Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from Rio Jatapú and Uatumã, Amazonas, Brazil. Amazoniana, vol. 9, pp. 17-29.), in flooded lakes-river (Bozelli, 1992BOZELLI, R.L., 1992. Composition of the zooplankton community of Batata and Mussurá Lakes and of the Trombetas River, State of Pará, Brazil. Amazoniana, vol. 12, pp. 239-261.), natural and meander lakes (Keppeler, 2003KEPPELER, E.C., 2003. Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of two lacustrine ecosystems in Southwestern Amazonia. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, vol. 25, pp. 467-477.; Keppeler and Hardy, 2004KEPPELER, E.C. and HARDY, E.R., 2004. Abundance and composition of Rotifera in an abandoned meander lake (Lago Amapá) in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 233-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000200011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004...
), as also in artificial reservoir (Espíndola et al., 2000ESPÍNDOLA, E.L.G., MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T., RIETZLER, A.C. and TUNDISI, J.G., 2000. Spatial heterogeneity of the Tucuruí Reservoir (State of Pará, Amazonia, Brazil) and the distribution of zooplanktonic species. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 179-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000200001. PMid:10959101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000...
).

Its widespread distribution has been also reported for other areas in Brazil: northeastern small lakes (Reid and Turner, 1988REID, J.W. and TURNER, P.N., 1988. Planktonic Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera from lagos Açú and Viana, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 48, pp. 485-495.), marginal lakes of a river in the central region (Neves et al., 2003NEVES, I.F., ROCHA, O., ROCHE, K.F. and PINTO, A.A., 2003. Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the River Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera diversity. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000200018. PMid:14509855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003...
), southeastern coastal lagoons (Branco et al., 2002BRANCO, C.W.C., ROCHA, M.I.A., PINTO, G.F.S., GÔMARA, G.A. and FILLIPPO, R., 2002. Limnological features of Funil Reservoir (RJ, Brazil) and indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans of the zooplankton community. Lakes and Reservoirs, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00177.x.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.20...
), streams, reservoirs and fish ponds from southeastern region (Sampaio et al., 2002SAMPAIO, E.V., ROCHA, O., MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T. and TUNDISI, J.G., 2002. Composition and abundance of zooplankton in the limnetic zone of seven reservoirs of the Paranapanema River. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 525-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000300018. PMid:12530191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002...
; Lucinda et al., 2004LUCINDA, I., MORENO, I.H., MELÃO, M.G.G. and MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T., 2004. Rotifers in freshwater habitats in the upper Tietê river basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, vol. 16, pp. 203-224.; Sipaúba-Tavares et al., 2017SIPAÚBA-TAVARES, L.H., DURIGAN, P.A., BERCHIELLI-MORAIS, F.A. and MILLAN, R.N., 2017. Influence of inlet water on the biotic and abiotic variables in a fish pond. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 277-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.12315. PMid:27533726.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.1231...
), south lagoons of the river floodplain (Rossa and Bonecker, 2003ROSSA, D.C. and BONECKER, C.C., 2003. Abundance of planktonic and non-planktonic rotifers in lagoons of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Amazoniana, vol. 17, pp. 567-581.), and riverine rotifers (Serafim-Júnior et al., 2016SERAFIM-JÚNIOR, M., LANSAC-TÔHA, F.A., LOPES, R.M. and PERBICHE-NEVES, G., 2016. Continuity effects on rotifers and microcrustaceans caused by the construction of a downstream reservoir in a cascade series (Iguaçu River, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 279-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00314. PMid:26983084.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.0031...
). For more details on the distribution of Filinia longiseta in Brazil, see Garraffoni and Lourenço (2012)GARRAFFONI, A.R.S. and LOURENÇO, A.P., 2012. Synthesis of Brazilian Rotifera: an updated list of species. Check List, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 375-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375...
.

This interface may represent endemic nucleus for aquatic species and priority areas for aquatic conservation in Brazil (Brasil, 2007BRASIL. Ministério do Meio Ambiente – MMA, 2007. Priority actions for the conservation of biodiversity in the Cerrado and Pantanal - Brazil. Brasília: Brazilian Program of Biological Diversity, 540 p.). Headwaters originated in this transition naturally flow towards the basins, most of the time forming ecological corridors for many aquatic species. These features may enable harbour a higher and endemic biodiversity (Leibowitz, 2003LEIBOWITZ, S.G., 2003. Isolated wetlands and their functions: an ecological perspective. Wetlands, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 517-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0517:IWATFA]2.0.CO;2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003...
), especially in protected areas with a pristine condition.

The new record of rotiferan Filinia longiseta reinforce the importance to do surveying in headwaters of low-order streams located in the Cerrado drainage systems. Especially if these small watercourses are originally protected by a dense riparian vegetation. According to review done by Padovesi-Fonseca et al. (2015)PADOVESI-FONSECA, C., MARTINS-SILVA, M.J. and PUPPIN-GONÇALVES, C.T., 2015. Cerrado’s areas as a reference analysis for aquatic conservation in Brazil. Biodiversity Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 805-816., under natural conditions, their waters are poor in nutrients, slightly acid and have low electric conductivity (up to 10µS/cm); and the water temperature remains between 17 and 20 °C. Effects of environmental quality in headwaters of Cerrado domain have been evaluated and alterations derived by antropic impacts can influence on aquatic assemblages, as view by Machado et al. (2011)MACHADO, N.G., VENTICINQUE, E.M. and PENHA, J., 2011. Effect of environmental quality and mesohabitat structure on a Biotic Integrity Index based on fish assemblages of cerrado streams from Rio Cuiabá basin, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 577-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842011000400002. PMid:21881781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842011...
.

The fisrt occurrence of Filinia longiseta presented by this study enhanced its geographic distribution in a transition area between the two major Brazilian biomes: Amazon and Cerrado. In this context, headwaters of the Amazon basin are situated in Cerrado, forming ecotone areas between the two biomes. The new record of rotiferan Filinia longiseta reinforce the importance to do surveying in headwaters of low-order streams located in the Cerrado drainage systems. The knowledge on habitat and ecological aspects of aquatic species may be enlarged due to new records of their geographic distribution in these areas of Brazil.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the CNPQ (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) under grant (Research Network of Cerrado’s Biota, RBPCerrado3. I am grateful to Mickael Pontes for technical assistance during field work.

References

  • BOZELLI, R.L., 1992. Composition of the zooplankton community of Batata and Mussurá Lakes and of the Trombetas River, State of Pará, Brazil. Amazoniana, vol. 12, pp. 239-261.
  • BRANCO, C.W.C., ROCHA, M.I.A., PINTO, G.F.S., GÔMARA, G.A. and FILLIPPO, R., 2002. Limnological features of Funil Reservoir (RJ, Brazil) and indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans of the zooplankton community. Lakes and Reservoirs, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00177.x
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00177.x
  • BRASIL. Ministério do Meio Ambiente – MMA, 2007. Priority actions for the conservation of biodiversity in the Cerrado and Pantanal - Brazil Brasília: Brazilian Program of Biological Diversity, 540 p.
  • ESPÍNDOLA, E.L.G., MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T., RIETZLER, A.C. and TUNDISI, J.G., 2000. Spatial heterogeneity of the Tucuruí Reservoir (State of Pará, Amazonia, Brazil) and the distribution of zooplanktonic species. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 179-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000200001 PMid:10959101.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000200001
  • GARRAFFONI, A.R.S. and LOURENÇO, A.P., 2012. Synthesis of Brazilian Rotifera: an updated list of species. Check List, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 375-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.375
  • KEPPELER, E.C. and HARDY, E.R., 2004. Abundance and composition of Rotifera in an abandoned meander lake (Lago Amapá) in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 233-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000200011
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000200011
  • KEPPELER, E.C., 2003. Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of two lacustrine ecosystems in Southwestern Amazonia. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, vol. 25, pp. 467-477.
  • KOSTE, W., 1978. Rotatoria Die Rodertiere Mitteleuropas begründet von Max Voigt - Mongononta Stuttgart: Borntraeger, 2 vol., 238 p.
  • KOSTE, W. and HARDY, E.R., 1984. Taxonomic studies and new distribution records of Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from Rio Jatapú and Uatumã, Amazonas, Brazil. Amazoniana, vol. 9, pp. 17-29.
  • KOSTE, W. and ROBERTSON, B., 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzea lake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil). Amazoniana, vol. 8, pp. 225-254.
  • LEIBOWITZ, S.G., 2003. Isolated wetlands and their functions: an ecological perspective. Wetlands, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 517-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0517:IWATFA]2.0.CO;2
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0517:IWATFA]2.0.CO;2
  • LUCINDA, I., MORENO, I.H., MELÃO, M.G.G. and MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T., 2004. Rotifers in freshwater habitats in the upper Tietê river basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, vol. 16, pp. 203-224.
  • MACHADO, N.G., VENTICINQUE, E.M. and PENHA, J., 2011. Effect of environmental quality and mesohabitat structure on a Biotic Integrity Index based on fish assemblages of cerrado streams from Rio Cuiabá basin, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 577-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842011000400002 PMid:21881781.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842011000400002
  • NEVES, I.F., ROCHA, O., ROCHE, K.F. and PINTO, A.A., 2003. Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the River Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera diversity. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000200018 PMid:14509855.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000200018
  • PADOVESI-FONSECA, C., MARTINS-SILVA, M.J. and PUPPIN-GONÇALVES, C.T., 2015. Cerrado’s areas as a reference analysis for aquatic conservation in Brazil. Biodiversity Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 805-816.
  • REID, J.W. and TURNER, P.N., 1988. Planktonic Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera from lagos Açú and Viana, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 48, pp. 485-495.
  • ROSSA, D.C. and BONECKER, C.C., 2003. Abundance of planktonic and non-planktonic rotifers in lagoons of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Amazoniana, vol. 17, pp. 567-581.
  • SAMPAIO, E.V., ROCHA, O., MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T. and TUNDISI, J.G., 2002. Composition and abundance of zooplankton in the limnetic zone of seven reservoirs of the Paranapanema River. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 525-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000300018 PMid:12530191.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000300018
  • SEGERS, H., 2007. Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution. Zootaxa, vol. 1564, no. 1, pp. 1-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564.1.1
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1564.1.1
  • SERAFIM-JÚNIOR, M., LANSAC-TÔHA, F.A., LOPES, R.M. and PERBICHE-NEVES, G., 2016. Continuity effects on rotifers and microcrustaceans caused by the construction of a downstream reservoir in a cascade series (Iguaçu River, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 279-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00314 PMid:26983084.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00314
  • SIPAÚBA-TAVARES, L.H., DURIGAN, P.A., BERCHIELLI-MORAIS, F.A. and MILLAN, R.N., 2017. Influence of inlet water on the biotic and abiotic variables in a fish pond. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 277-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.12315 PMid:27533726.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.12315
  • TURNER, P.N. and SILVA, C., 1992. Littoral rotifers from the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 227-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650529209360881
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650529209360881

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    23 Oct 2020
  • Date of issue
    Oct-Dec 2021

History

  • Received
    30 Sept 2019
  • Accepted
    08 May 2020
  • Published
    30 Nov 2021
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