Fatty acids profile of milk from cows fed different maize silage levels and extruded soybeans

Oliveira, Marcelli Antenor; Reis, Ronaldo Braga; Ladeira, Márcio Machado; Ribeiro, Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro; Lopes, Leandro Sâmia; Franco, Gumercindo Loriano; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes

Abstracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two levels of maize silage and extruded soybeans supplementation on fatty acid profile in milk fat of dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were distributed in a double 4x4 Latin Square design with a factorial arrangement. The treatment groups were: high maize silage and low lipid, high maize silage and high lipid, low maize silage and low lipid and low maize silage and high lipid. The experimental periods lasted 21 days. Milk samples were collected on days 18 and 19 of each experimental period. The increase of lipid contents in high and low maize silage diets decreased short chain fatty acids concentrations (C4:0 - C12:0). The conjugated linoleic acid content (cis-9 trans-11 C18:2) increased from 3.72 to 4.85, and 4.6 to 5.89mg/g, when extruded soybeans was used in high and low level of corn silage, respectively. The increase in dietary lipids content resulted in higher trans-11 C18:1 fatty acid concentration. Fatty acid trans-10 C18:1 tended to increase with the elevation of the lipids content in the diet. There was significant correlation between trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 and milk fat percentage. The extruded soybeans supplementation decreased shortchain fatty acids and palmitic acid in milk. In addition, this oilseed enhanced the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 cis-9 trans-11) and vaccenic acid, which improved the milk quality for the human health.

CLA; concentrate; lipids; rumenic acid; vaccenic acid

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de dois teores de silagem de milho e da suplementação com soja extrusada sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos na gordura do leite. Oito vacas da raça Holandesa foram distribuídas em um quadrado latino duplo 4 x 4, em arranjo fatorial. Os tratamentos foram: alta silagem de milho e baixo lipídio, alta silagem de milho e alto lipídio, baixa silagem de milho e baixo lipídio e baixa silagem de milho e alto lipídio. Os períodos experimentais tiveram duração de 21 dias cada. As amostras de leite foram coletadas nos dias 18 e 19 de cada período experimental. O aumento dos teores de lipídios nos dois níveis de silagem diminuiu as concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (C4:0 - C12:0). O teor de ácido linoleico conjugado (cis-9 trans-11 C18:2) aumentou de 3,72 para 4,85, e de 4,60 para 5,89mg/g, quando a soja extrusada foi utilizada em dietas com alto e baixo nível de silagem de milho, respectivamente. O aumento no teor de lipídios na dieta resultou em maior concentração de trans-11 C18:1. O ácido graxo trans-10 C18:1 tendeu a aumentar com a elevação do teor de lipídios na dieta. Houve correlação significativa entre trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 e percentual de gordura do leite. A suplementação com soja extrusada diminuiu os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e o ácido palmítico no leite. Além disso, esta oleaginosa aumentou a concentração de ácido linoleico conjugado (C18:2 cis-9 trans-11) e vacênico, com o aumento da qualidade do leite para o consumo humano.

ácido rumênico; ácido vaccênico; CLA; concentrado; lipídios

ABUGHAZALEH, A.A.; SCHINGOETHE, D.J.; HIPPEN, A.R.; KALSCHEUR, K.F.; WHITLOCK, L.A. Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk and Rumen Digesta From Cows Fed Fish Oil Extruded Soybeanss or Their Blend. Journal of Dairy Science, v.85, n.2266-2276, 2002.
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis 15.ed. Arlington, Virginia. 1990, 1298p.
BAUMAN, D.E.; GRIINARI, J.M. Nutritional regulation of milk synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition, v.23, p.223-237, 2003.
BAUMAN, D.E.; LOCK, A.L. Conjugated linoleic acid: biosynthesis and nutritional significance. In: FOX, P.F.; MCSWEENEY, P.L.H. (Eds.). Advanced dairy chemistry 3.ed. New York: Springer, 2006. v.2, p.93-136.
BAUMGARD, L.H.; CORL, B.A.; DWYER, D.A.; SAEBO, A.; BAUMAN, D.E. Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis. American Journal of Physiology, v.278, p.179-184, 2000.
BAUMGARD, L.H.; SANGSTER, J.K.; BAUMAN, D.E. Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is progressively reduced by increasing supplemental amounts of Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Journal Nutrition, v.131, p.1764-1769, 2001.
CHILLIARD, Y.; FERLAY, A.; DOREAU, M. Effect of different types of forage, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science, v.70, p.31-48, 2001.
CHILLIARD, Y.; GLASSER, F.; FERLAY, A.; BERNARD, L.; ROUEL, J.; DOREAU, M. Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, v.109, p.828-855, 2007.
CHOUINARD P.Y.; CORNEAU, L.; SAEBO, A., BAUMAN, D E. Milk yield and composition during abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 82, p.2737-2745, 1999.
GRIINARI, J.M.; DWYER, D.A.; MCGUIRE, M.A.; BAUMAN, D.E.; PALMQUIST, D.L.; NURMELA, K.V.V. Trans-octadecadienoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.81, p.1251-1261, 1998.
IP, C.; DONG, Y.; IP, M.M.; BANNI, S.; CARTA, S.; ANGIONI, E.; MURRU, E.; SPADA, S.; MELIS, M.P. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and mammary cancer prevention. Nutritional Cancer, v.43, p.52-58, 2002.
JENKINS, T.C.; WALLACE, R.J.; MOATE, P.J.; MOSLEY, E.E. BoardInvited REVIEW: Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. Journal of Animal Science, v.86, p.397-412. 2008.
KIM, Y.J.; LIU, R.H.; RYCHLIK, J.L.; RUSSELL, J.B. The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v.92, p.976-982, 2002.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle Washington, USA: National Academic Science, 2001, 381p.
PALMQUIST, D.L Great discoveries of milk for a healthy diet and a healthy life. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, p.465-477, 2010. Suppl. especial.
PALMQUIST, D.L.; LOCK, A.L.; SHINGFIELD, K.J.; BAUMAN, D. E. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants and humans. Advances in Food Nutrition Research, v.50, p.179-217, 2005.
PARODI, P.W. Conjugated linoleic acid in food. Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, v.2, p.101-122, 2006.
PETERSON, D.G.; BAUMGARD, L.H.; BAUMAN. D.E. Milk fat response to low doses of trans-10, cis-12conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Journal of Dairy Science, v.85, p.1764-1766, 2002.
PETERSON, D.G.; MATITASHVILI, E.A.; BAUMAN, D.E. Dietinduced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans10, cis12 CLA in milk fat and coordinate suppression of mRNA abundance for mammary enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis. Journal of Nutrition, v.133, p.3098-3102, 2003.
PITCHFORD, W.S.; DELAND, M.P.B.; SIEBERT, B.D.; MALAUADULI, A.E.O.; BOTTEMA, C.D.K. Genetic variation in fatness and fatty acid composition of crossbred cattle. Journal Animal Science, v.80, p.2825-2832, 2002.
SAS INSTITUTE. SAS: user's guide 6.ed. Cary, 1999.
SCHMIDELY, P.; MORANDFEHR, P.; SAUVANT, D. Influence of extruded soybeanss with or without bicarbonate on milk performance and fatty acids composition of goat milk. Journal of Animal Science, v.88, p.757-765, 2005.
SOLOMON, R.; CHASE, L.E.; BEN-GHEDALIA, D. The effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeanss on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.83, n.6, p.1322-1329, 2000.
TURPEINEN, A.M.; MUTANEN, M.; ARO, A.; SALMINEN, I.; BASU, S.; PALMQUIST, D.L.; GRIINARI, J.M. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v.76, p.504-510, 2002.
VAN SOEST, P.J.; ROBERTSON, J.B.; LEWIS, B.A. Methods for dietary fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, v.74, p.3583-3597, 1991.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
29 Sept 2014
Date of issue
Mar 2012

History

Received
25 July 2011
Accepted
06 Mar 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ABUGHAZALEH, A.A.; SCHINGOETHE, D.J.; HIPPEN, A.R.; KALSCHEUR, K.F.; WHITLOCK, L.A. Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk and Rumen Digesta From Cows Fed Fish Oil Extruded Soybeanss or Their Blend. Journal of Dairy Science, v.85, n.2266-2276, 2002.

[2] ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis 15.ed. Arlington, Virginia. 1990, 1298p.

[3] BAUMAN, D.E.; GRIINARI, J.M. Nutritional regulation of milk synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition, v.23, p.223-237, 2003.

[4] BAUMAN, D.E.; LOCK, A.L. Conjugated linoleic acid: biosynthesis and nutritional significance. In: FOX, P.F.; MCSWEENEY, P.L.H. (Eds.). Advanced dairy chemistry 3.ed. New York: Springer, 2006. v.2, p.93-136.

[5] BAUMGARD, L.H.; CORL, B.A.; DWYER, D.A.; SAEBO, A.; BAUMAN, D.E. Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis. American Journal of Physiology, v.278, p.179-184, 2000.

[6] BAUMGARD, L.H.; SANGSTER, J.K.; BAUMAN, D.E. Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is progressively reduced by increasing supplemental amounts of Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Journal Nutrition, v.131, p.1764-1769, 2001.

[7] CHILLIARD, Y.; FERLAY, A.; DOREAU, M. Effect of different types of forage, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science, v.70, p.31-48, 2001.

[8] CHILLIARD, Y.; GLASSER, F.; FERLAY, A.; BERNARD, L.; ROUEL, J.; DOREAU, M. Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, v.109, p.828-855, 2007.

[9] CHOUINARD P.Y.; CORNEAU, L.; SAEBO, A., BAUMAN, D E. Milk yield and composition during abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 82, p.2737-2745, 1999.

[10] GRIINARI, J.M.; DWYER, D.A.; MCGUIRE, M.A.; BAUMAN, D.E.; PALMQUIST, D.L.; NURMELA, K.V.V. Trans-octadecadienoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.81, p.1251-1261, 1998.

[11] IP, C.; DONG, Y.; IP, M.M.; BANNI, S.; CARTA, S.; ANGIONI, E.; MURRU, E.; SPADA, S.; MELIS, M.P. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and mammary cancer prevention. Nutritional Cancer, v.43, p.52-58, 2002.

[12] JENKINS, T.C.; WALLACE, R.J.; MOATE, P.J.; MOSLEY, E.E. BoardInvited REVIEW: Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. Journal of Animal Science, v.86, p.397-412. 2008.

[13] KIM, Y.J.; LIU, R.H.; RYCHLIK, J.L.; RUSSELL, J.B. The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v.92, p.976-982, 2002.

[14] NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle Washington, USA: National Academic Science, 2001, 381p.

[15] PALMQUIST, D.L Great discoveries of milk for a healthy diet and a healthy life. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, p.465-477, 2010. Suppl. especial.

[16] PALMQUIST, D.L.; LOCK, A.L.; SHINGFIELD, K.J.; BAUMAN, D. E. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants and humans. Advances in Food Nutrition Research, v.50, p.179-217, 2005.

[17] PARODI, P.W. Conjugated linoleic acid in food. Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, v.2, p.101-122, 2006.

[18] PETERSON, D.G.; BAUMGARD, L.H.; BAUMAN. D.E. Milk fat response to low doses of trans-10, cis-12conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Journal of Dairy Science, v.85, p.1764-1766, 2002.

[19] PETERSON, D.G.; MATITASHVILI, E.A.; BAUMAN, D.E. Dietinduced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans10, cis12 CLA in milk fat and coordinate suppression of mRNA abundance for mammary enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis. Journal of Nutrition, v.133, p.3098-3102, 2003.

[20] PITCHFORD, W.S.; DELAND, M.P.B.; SIEBERT, B.D.; MALAUADULI, A.E.O.; BOTTEMA, C.D.K. Genetic variation in fatness and fatty acid composition of crossbred cattle. Journal Animal Science, v.80, p.2825-2832, 2002.

[21] SAS INSTITUTE. SAS: user's guide 6.ed. Cary, 1999.

[22] SCHMIDELY, P.; MORANDFEHR, P.; SAUVANT, D. Influence of extruded soybeanss with or without bicarbonate on milk performance and fatty acids composition of goat milk. Journal of Animal Science, v.88, p.757-765, 2005.

[23] SOLOMON, R.; CHASE, L.E.; BEN-GHEDALIA, D. The effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeanss on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.83, n.6, p.1322-1329, 2000.

[24] TURPEINEN, A.M.; MUTANEN, M.; ARO, A.; SALMINEN, I.; BASU, S.; PALMQUIST, D.L.; GRIINARI, J.M. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v.76, p.504-510, 2002.

[25] VAN SOEST, P.J.; ROBERTSON, J.B.; LEWIS, B.A. Methods for dietary fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, v.74, p.3583-3597, 1991.

Brasil

Brasil

Fatty acids profile of milk from cows fed different maize silage levels and extruded soybeans

Perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de silagem de milho e grão de soja extrusado

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History