The co-influence of the sea breeze and the coastal upwelling at Cabo Frio: a numerical investigation using coupled models

Ribeiro, Flávia Noronha Dutra; Soares, Jacyra; Oliveira, Amauri Pereira de

Abstracts

A coupled atmospheric-oceanic model was used to investigate whether there is a positive feedback between the coastal upwelling and the sea breeze at Cabo Frio - RJ (Brazil). Two experiments were performed to ascertain the influence of the sea breeze on the coastal upwelling: the first one used the coupled model forced with synoptic NE winds of 8 m s-1 and the sign of the sea breeze circulation was set by the atmospheric model; the second experiment used only the oceanic model with constant 8 m s-1 NE winds. Then, to study the influence of the coastal upwelling on the sea breeze, two more experiments were performed: one using a coastal upwelling representative SST initial field and the other one using a constant and homogeneous SST field of 26°C. Finally, two more experiments were conducted to verify the influence of the topography and the spatial distribution of the sea surface temperature on the previous results. The results showed that the sea breeze can intensify the coastal upwelling, but the coastal upwelling does not intensify the sea breeze circulation, suggesting that there is no positive feedback between these two phenomena at Cabo Frio.

Coupled numerical model; coastal upwelling; sea breeze; local atmospheric circulation

Um modelo acoplado atmosférico-oceânico foi usado para investigar se há retroalimentação positiva entre a ressurgência costeira e a brisa marítima em Cabo Frio - RJ (Brasil). Dois experimentos foram realizados para verificar a influência da brisa marítima na ressurgência costeira: o primeiro usou o modelo acoplado, forçado com vento de escala sinótica de NE e 8 m s-1, e o sinal da brisa foi dado pelo modelo atmosférico; o segundo utilizou apenas o modelo oceânico com vento constante de NE e 8 m s-1. A fim de estudar a influência da ressurgência costeira na brisa marítima, mais dois experimentos foram realizados com o modelo acoplado: um com um campo inicial de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM), representativo da ocorrência de ressurgência costeira; e o outro com um campo constante e homogêneo de TSM de 26°C. Por fim, mais dois experimentos foram feitos para verificar a influência da topografia e da distribuição espacial da temperatura da superfície do mar nos resultados anteriores. Os resultados mostraram que a brisa pode intensificar a ressurgência, mas a ressurgência não intensifica a brisa, sugerindo não haver em Cabo Frio, retroalimentação positiva entre esses dois fenômenos.

modelo numérico acoplado; ressurgência costeira; brisa marítima; circulação atmosférica local

CAMPOS, E. J. D.; GONÇALVES, J. E.; IKEDA, Y. Water mass characteristics and geostrophic circulation in the South Brazil Bight: Summer of 1991. J. geophys. Res., v. 100, n. 9, p. 18537-18550, 1995.
CARBONEL, C. A. A. H.; VALENTIN, J. L. Numerical modelling of phytoplankton bloom in the upwelling ecosystem of Cabo Frio (Brasil). Ecol. Model., v. 116, p. 135-148, 1998.
CARBONEL, C. A. A. H. Modelling of upwelling-downwelling cycles caused by variable wind in a very sensitive coastal system. Continent. Shelf Res., v. 23, p. 1559-1578, 2003.
CLAPPIER, A.; MARTILLI, A.; GROSSI, P.; THUNIS, P.; PASI, F.; KRUEGER, B. C.; CALPINI, B.; GRAZIANI, G.; VAN DEN BERGH, H. Effect of Sea Breeze on Air Pollution in the Greater Athens Area. Part I: numerical simulations and field observations. J.appl. Met.., v. 39, n. 4, p. 546-562, 2000.
DEARDORFF, J. W. Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation. J. geophys. Res., v. 83, C4, p. 1889-1903, 1978.
DINIZ, A. G.; HAMACHER, C.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; RODRIGUEZ-GONZALEZ, E. Is copper an inhibiting factor for primary production in the upwelling waters of Cabo Frio. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., v. 14, n. 5, p. 815-821, 2003.
DOURADO, M.; OLIVEIRA, A. P. Observational description of the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean. Rev. Bras. Oceanogr., v. 49, n. 1/2, 49-59, 2001.
FRANCHITO, S. H.; RAO, V. B.; STECH, J. L.; LORENZZETTI, J. A. The effect of coastal upwelling on the sea breeze circulation at Cabo Frio, Brazil: a numerical experiment. Ann. Geophysicae, v. 16, p. 866-881, 1998.
FRANCHITO, S. H.; ODA, T. O.; RAO, V. B. E; KAYANO, M. T. Interaction between coastal upwelling and local winds at Cabo Frio, Brazil: an observational study, J. appl. Met. Climatol., v. 47, p. 1590-1598, 2008.
IKEDA, Y.; MIRANDA, L. B. de; ROCK, N. J. Observations on stages of upwelling in the region of Cabo Frio (Brazil) as conducted by continuous surface temperature and salinity measurements. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., São Paulo, v. 23, p. 33-46, 1974.
MARTÍN, F.; CRESPÍ, S. N.; PALACIOS, M. Simulations of mesoscale circulations in the center of the Iberian Peninsula for thermal low pressure conditions. Part I: Evaluation of the Topography Vorticity-Mode Mesoscale Model. J. appl. Met., v. 40, p. 880-904, 2000.
MILLER, S. T. K.; KEIM, B. D.; TALBOT, R. W.; MAO, H. Sea breeze: structure, forecasting and impacts. Revs. Geophys, v. 41, n. 3, p. 1-31, 2003.
MIZZI, A. P.; PIELKE, R. A. A numerical study of the mesoscale atmospheric circulation during a coastal upwelling event on 23 august 1972. Part I: sensitivity studies. Mon. Weather Rev, v. 112, p. 76 - 90, 1984.
ODA, T. O. Influência da ressurgência costeira sobre a circulação local em Cabo Frio (RJ). 1997. 140 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia), INPE, São Paulo, Brasil, 1997. (in portuguese).
ORGAZ, M. D. M.; FORTES, J. L. Estudo das brisas costeiras na região de Aveiro. In: SIMPÓSIO DE METEOROLOGIA E GEOFÍSICA HISPANO PORTUGUÊS, 1, 1998, Lagos, Portugal. Proceedings ... Lagos, 1998. p. 189-194.
RODRIGUES, R. R.; LORENZZETTI, J. A. A numerical study of the effects of bottom topography and coastline geometry on the Southeast Brazilian coastal upwelling. Continent. Shelf Res., v. 21, p. 371-394, 2001.
STIVARI, S. M. S.; OLIVEIRA, A. P.; KARAM, H. A.; SOARES, J. Patterns of Local Circulation in the Itaipu Lake Area: Numerical Simulations of Lake Breeze. J. appl. Met., v. 42, p. 37-50, 2003.
THUNIS, P. Formulation and evaluation of a nonhydrostatic vorticity mesoscale model. 1995. 151 p. Ph.D Thesis, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique G. Lamaître, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 1995.
VAN DONGEREN, A. R.; SVENDSEN, I. A. Absorbing-generating boundary condition for shallow water models. J. WatWay, Port, coast. Ocean Engng., Nov./Dec., p. 303-313, 1997.
VERBOOM, G. K.; SLOB, A. Weakly reflective boundary conditions for two-dimensional shallow water flow problems. Delft Laboratory, Publication n. 322, 1984.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
11 Oct 2011
Date of issue
June 2011

History

Received
24 Aug 2009
Reviewed
26 May 2010
Accepted
26 Oct 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] CAMPOS, E. J. D.; GONÇALVES, J. E.; IKEDA, Y. Water mass characteristics and geostrophic circulation in the South Brazil Bight: Summer of 1991. J. geophys. Res., v. 100, n. 9, p. 18537-18550, 1995.

[2] CARBONEL, C. A. A. H.; VALENTIN, J. L. Numerical modelling of phytoplankton bloom in the upwelling ecosystem of Cabo Frio (Brasil). Ecol. Model., v. 116, p. 135-148, 1998.

[3] CARBONEL, C. A. A. H. Modelling of upwelling-downwelling cycles caused by variable wind in a very sensitive coastal system. Continent. Shelf Res., v. 23, p. 1559-1578, 2003.

[4] CLAPPIER, A.; MARTILLI, A.; GROSSI, P.; THUNIS, P.; PASI, F.; KRUEGER, B. C.; CALPINI, B.; GRAZIANI, G.; VAN DEN BERGH, H. Effect of Sea Breeze on Air Pollution in the Greater Athens Area. Part I: numerical simulations and field observations. J.appl. Met.., v. 39, n. 4, p. 546-562, 2000.

[5] DEARDORFF, J. W. Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation. J. geophys. Res., v. 83, C4, p. 1889-1903, 1978.

[6] DINIZ, A. G.; HAMACHER, C.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; RODRIGUEZ-GONZALEZ, E. Is copper an inhibiting factor for primary production in the upwelling waters of Cabo Frio. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., v. 14, n. 5, p. 815-821, 2003.

[7] DOURADO, M.; OLIVEIRA, A. P. Observational description of the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean. Rev. Bras. Oceanogr., v. 49, n. 1/2, 49-59, 2001.

[8] FRANCHITO, S. H.; RAO, V. B.; STECH, J. L.; LORENZZETTI, J. A. The effect of coastal upwelling on the sea breeze circulation at Cabo Frio, Brazil: a numerical experiment. Ann. Geophysicae, v. 16, p. 866-881, 1998.

[9] FRANCHITO, S. H.; ODA, T. O.; RAO, V. B. E; KAYANO, M. T. Interaction between coastal upwelling and local winds at Cabo Frio, Brazil: an observational study, J. appl. Met. Climatol., v. 47, p. 1590-1598, 2008.

[10] IKEDA, Y.; MIRANDA, L. B. de; ROCK, N. J. Observations on stages of upwelling in the region of Cabo Frio (Brazil) as conducted by continuous surface temperature and salinity measurements. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., São Paulo, v. 23, p. 33-46, 1974.

[11] MARTÍN, F.; CRESPÍ, S. N.; PALACIOS, M. Simulations of mesoscale circulations in the center of the Iberian Peninsula for thermal low pressure conditions. Part I: Evaluation of the Topography Vorticity-Mode Mesoscale Model. J. appl. Met., v. 40, p. 880-904, 2000.

[12] MILLER, S. T. K.; KEIM, B. D.; TALBOT, R. W.; MAO, H. Sea breeze: structure, forecasting and impacts. Revs. Geophys, v. 41, n. 3, p. 1-31, 2003.

[13] MIZZI, A. P.; PIELKE, R. A. A numerical study of the mesoscale atmospheric circulation during a coastal upwelling event on 23 august 1972. Part I: sensitivity studies. Mon. Weather Rev, v. 112, p. 76 - 90, 1984.

[14] ODA, T. O. Influência da ressurgência costeira sobre a circulação local em Cabo Frio (RJ). 1997. 140 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia), INPE, São Paulo, Brasil, 1997. (in portuguese).

[15] ORGAZ, M. D. M.; FORTES, J. L. Estudo das brisas costeiras na região de Aveiro. In: SIMPÓSIO DE METEOROLOGIA E GEOFÍSICA HISPANO PORTUGUÊS, 1, 1998, Lagos, Portugal. Proceedings ... Lagos, 1998. p. 189-194.

[16] RODRIGUES, R. R.; LORENZZETTI, J. A. A numerical study of the effects of bottom topography and coastline geometry on the Southeast Brazilian coastal upwelling. Continent. Shelf Res., v. 21, p. 371-394, 2001.

[17] STIVARI, S. M. S.; OLIVEIRA, A. P.; KARAM, H. A.; SOARES, J. Patterns of Local Circulation in the Itaipu Lake Area: Numerical Simulations of Lake Breeze. J. appl. Met., v. 42, p. 37-50, 2003.

[18] THUNIS, P. Formulation and evaluation of a nonhydrostatic vorticity mesoscale model. 1995. 151 p. Ph.D Thesis, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique G. Lamaître, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 1995.

[19] VAN DONGEREN, A. R.; SVENDSEN, I. A. Absorbing-generating boundary condition for shallow water models. J. WatWay, Port, coast. Ocean Engng., Nov./Dec., p. 303-313, 1997.

[20] VERBOOM, G. K.; SLOB, A. Weakly reflective boundary conditions for two-dimensional shallow water flow problems. Delft Laboratory, Publication n. 322, 1984.