Biological aspects of the Sailfin dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) caught by deep-sea trawling fishery off southern Brazil

Martins, Rodrigo Silvestre; Schwingel, Paulo Ricardo

Abstracts

Biological aspects of sailfin dory, Zenopsis conchifer, were studied from 839 individuals obtained from deep-sea commercial bottom trawling off southern Brazil at depths up to 526 m in 2002 and 2003. Samples included fish from 101 mm Lt and 15 g up to 640 mm Lt and 2,9 g. The sex-ratio was 50% at 150 mm Lt and between 300-350 mm Lt, with females outnumbering males in the remaining size classes. Reproductive activity seems to peak between July and August (austral winter). Size at attainment of 50% maturity (Lt50) was 311 mm Lt in females. The mean length and maturity of the specimens increased with depth, suggesting that larger fish concentrate in deeper waters.

Zeidae; size structure; sex ratio; maturity; bathymetry; southern Brazil

Aspectos biológicos do peixe-galo-de-profundidade, Zenopsis conchifer, foram estudados a partir de 839 peixes amostrados na pesca comercial de arrasto de profundidade (até 526 m) no sul do Brasil entre 2002 e 2003. As amostras incluíram peixes entre 101 mm TL e 15 g até 640 mm TL e 2.952 g. A proporção sexual foi próxima à paridade na classe de tamanho de 150 mm TL e entre 300-350 mm TL, sendo que as fêmeas predominaram nas demais classes. A atividade reprodutiva apresentou um pico durante o inverno. O tamanho de primeira maturação (TL50) nas fêmeas foi de 311 mm TL. Os comprimentos corporais e a maturidade sexual aumentaram com a profundidade, sugerindo que os maiores exemplares se concentram águas profundas.

Zeidae; estrutura de tamanhos; proporção sexual; maturidade; batimetria; sul do Brasil

AKYOL, O. Some biological properties and stock estimates of Zeus faber L., 1758 (Pisces, Zeidae) in the Aegean coasts of Turkey. E.U. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci, v. 18, p. 39-46, 2001.
BAKER, K. D.; DEVINE, J. A.; HAEDRICH, R. L. Deep-sea fishes in Canada's Atlantic: population declines and predicted recovery times. Environ. Biol. Fish, v. 85, p. 79-88, 2009.
BOWMAN, R. E., STILLWELL, C. E.; MICHAELS, W. L.; GROSSLEIN, M. D. Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 2000. 138p.
CADDY, J. F.; SEIJO, J. C. Reproductive contributions foregone with harvesting: a conceptual framework. Fish. Res, v. 59, p. 17-30, 2002.
DUNN, M. R. The biology and exploitation of John dory, Zeus faber (Linnaeus, 1758) in the waters of England and Wales. ICES J. Mar. Sci., v. 58, p. 96-105, 2001.
FOCK, H. O.; ZIDOWITZ, H. Episodic recruitment to seamount populations: evidence from Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical North-east Atlantic). Arch. Fish. Mar. Res./Arch. Fisch. Meeresforsch, v. 51, p. 287-293, 2004.
FROESE, R.; PAULY, D. (Ed.). Fishbase. <www.fishbase.org/>. Accessed 17 Oct. 2011.
GIANNI, M. High seas bottom trawl fisheries and their impacts on the biodiversity of vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems: options for international action Gland, Switzerland: IUCN – The World Conservation Union, 2004. 83p.
GLOERFELT-TARP, T.; KAILOLA P. J. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia; German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Federal Republic of Germany, 1984. 407 p.
GREEN, B. S. Maternal effects in fish populations. Adv. Mar. Biol., v. 54, p. 1-105, 2008.
HAIMOVICI, M.; MARTINS, A. S.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; VIEIRA, P. C. Demersal bony fish of the outer shelf and upper slope of the southern Brazil Subtropical Convergence ecosystem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 108, p. 59-77, 1994.
HAIMOVICI, , M.; CASTELLO, J. P.; VOOREM, C. M. Fisheries. In: SEELIGER, U; ODEBRECHT, C.; CASTELLO, J. P. (Ed.). Subtropical Convergence Environments. The Coast and Sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997. p. 183-196.
HAIMOVICI, M.; ROSSI-WONGSTCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B.; BERNARDES, R. A; FISHER, L. G.; VOOREN, C. M.; dos SANTOS, R. A.; RODRIGUES, A. R.; dos SANTOS, S. Prospecção pesqueira de espécies com rede de arrasto-de fundo na região sudeste-sul do Brasil. Sér. Doc. REVIZEE, Score Sul. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico USP, 2008. 183p.
HEEMSTRA, P. C. A revision of the zeid fishes (Zeiformes: Zeidae) of South Africa. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol., v. 41., 1980. 18p.
KING, M. Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management London: Fishing New Books, 1995. 341p.
KOSLOW, J. A.; BOEHLERT, G. W.; GORDON, J. D. M.; HEADRICH, R. L.; LORANCE, P.; PARIN, N. V. Continental slope and deep-sea fisheries: implications for a fragile ecosystem. ICES J. Mar. Sci., v. 57, p. 548-557, 2000.
LEAMAN, B. M.; BEAMISH, R. J. Ecological and management implications of longevity in some northeast Pacific groundfishes. Bull. Int. North Pac. Comm, v. 42, p. 85-230, 1984.
MACPHERSON, E. Ecologia trofica de peces en las costas de Namibia. I. Habitos alimentarios. Invest. Pesq, v. 11, p. 81-137, 1983.
MACPHERSON, E.; DUARTE, C. M. Bathymetric trends in demersal fish size: is there a general relationship? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 71, p. 103-112, 1991.
MUTO, E. Y.; da SILVA, M. H. C.; VERA, G. R.; LEITE, S. S. M.; NAVARRO, D. G.; ROSSI-WONGTSCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B. Alimentação e relações tróficas de peixes demersais da plataforma continental externa e talude superior da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil. Sér. Doc. REVIZEE, Score Sul. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico USP, 2005. 64p.
NAKABO, T.; BRAY, D. J.; YAMADA, U. A new species of Zenopsis (Zeiformes: Zeidae) from the South China Sea, East China Sea and off Western Australia. Mem. Mus. Victoria, v. 63, p. 91-96, 2006.
NELSON, J. S. Fishes of the World. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006, 624p.
PARIN, N. V. Zenopsis oblonga sp. nov. (Zeidae, Osteichthyes) from the Nuska Ridge. Zool. Zhur, v. 68, p. 150-153, 1989 (in Russian with English summary).
PARIN, N. V.; PAVLOV, Y. P.; ANDRIANOV, D. P. Ecology of the mirror dory, Zenopsis nebulosus, of the submarine Nasca Ridge. J. Ichthyol, v. 28, p. 106-115, 1988.
PAKHORUKOV, N. P. Visual observations of fish from seamounts of the Southern Azores region (the Atlantic Ocean). J. Ichthyol, v. 48, p. 114-123, 2008.
PEREZ, J. A. A. Potenciais de rendimento dos alvos da pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil estimados a partir de parâmetros do ciclo de vida. Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol., v. 10, p. 1-11, 2006.
PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R. A pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil: tendências da frota nacional entre 2001 e 2003. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 32, p. 127-150, 2006.
PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. A bycatch assessment of the gillnet monkfish Lophius gastrophysus fishery off southern Brazil. Fish. Res., v. 72, p. 81-95, 2005.
PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; RODRIGUES, L. F.; VALENTINI, H.; VOOREN, C. M. Relatório da reunião técnica de ordenamento da pesca de arrasto nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Not. Téc. FACIMAR, v. 5, p. 1-34, 2001.
PEREZ J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; LOPES, F. R. A. Estrutura e dinâmica da pescaria do peixe-sapo Lophius gastrophysus no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 28, p. 205-231, 2002.
PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; SCHWINGEL, P. R.; LOPES, F. R. A.; RODRIGUES-RIBEIRO, M. Deep-sea fishery off southern Brazil: recent trends of the Brazilian fishing industry. J. North. Atl. Fish. Sci, v. 31, p. 1-18, 2003.
PEREZ J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R. Chartered trawling on the Brazilian slope. Mar. Fish. Rev., v. 71, p. 24-36, 2009a.
PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; WAHRLICH, R.; SOARES, A.L. de S. Deep-water fisheries in Brazil: history, status, and perspectives. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., v. 37 p. 513-541, 2009b.
PEZZUTO, P. R.; PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. Deep-sea shrimps (Decapoda: Aristeidae): new targets of the deep-sea trawling fishery in Brazil. Braz. J. Oceanogr, v. 54, p. 123-134, 2006a.
PEZZUTO, P. R.; PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. O ordenamento das pescarias de caranguejos-de-profundidade (Chaceon spp.) (Decapoda: Geryonidae) no sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 32, p. 229-247, 2006b.
QUÉRO, J-C. Changes in the Euro-Atlantic fish species composition resulting from fishing and ocean warming. Ita. J. Zool., v. 65, p. 493-499, 1998.
QUÉRO, J-C., HUREAU, J. C.; KARRER, C.; POST, A.; SALDANHA. L. Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic Lisboa, Portugal: Clofeta 2, JNICT, 1990. 1492p
QUIGLEY, D. T. G.; FLANNERY, K. Sailfin dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe1852): further records from Irish waters and a review of north-west European records. Ir. Nat. J., v. 25, p. 71-76. 1995.
RAGONESE, S. Growth and senescence interaction in fish: the state of art. (Crescita e senescenza nei pesci: il quadro attuale). Biol. Mar. Medit., v. 11, p. 91-106, 2004.
RAGONESE, S.; GIUSTO, G. B. Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) (Pisces, Actinopterygii, Zeidae): a new alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Fish Biol, v. 71, p. 1853-1857, 2007
RAGONESE, S.; REALE, B. Distribuzione e crescita dello scorfano di fondale, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), nello stretto di Sicilia (Mar Mediterraneo). Biol. Mar. Medit, v. 2, p. 269-273, 1995.
SILVA, A. Distribution and abundance of John dory (Zeus faber, Linnaeus 1758) in the Portuguese continental waters (ICES Div. IXa) during 1986–1991. ICES CM 1997/G: 68, 1992, 33p.
SMITH, D. C.; STEWART. B. D. Development of methods to age commercially important dories and oreos. Newsl. Aust. Soc. Fish Biol., v. 22, p. 53-54, 1994.
STERGIOU, K. I.; FOURTOUNI, H. Food habits, ontogenetic diet shift and selectivity in Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758. J. Fish Biol, v. 39, p. 589-603, 1991.
SWABY, S. E.; POTTS, G. W. The Sailfin dory, a first British record. J. Fish Biol., v. 54, p. 1338-1340, 1999.
VAZZOLER, A. E. A. de M. Biologia da Reprodução de Peixes Teleósteos: Teoria e Prática Maringá: EDUEM 1996. 169p
WEISS, G.; HUBOLD, G.; BAINY, A. C. D. Larval development of the Zeiform fishes Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843 and Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) from the south west Atlantic. Cybium, v. 11, p. 79-91, 1987.
WOOTTON R. J. Ecology of Teleostei Fish Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999. 392p.
YESAKI, M.; RAHN, E.; SILVA, G. Sumário das explorações de peixes de arrasto de fundo ao largo da costa sul do Brasil. Doc. Téc. SUDEPE-PDP, v. 19, p. 1-37, 1976.
YONEDA, M.; YAMASAKI, S.; YAMAMOTO, K.; HORIKAWA, H.; MATSUYAMA, M. Age and growth of John Dory, Zeus faber (Linnaeus, 1758), in the East China Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. 749-756, 2002.
YONEDA, M.; YAMAMOTO, K.; YAMASAKI, S.; MATSUYAMA, M. Growth and maturation variability of female John Dory (Zeus faber) in the East China Sea in relation to thermal gradients. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, v. 86, p. 885-892, 2006.
ZIDOWITZ, H.; FOCK, H. O.; WESTERNHAGEN, H. v. The role of Zenopsis spp. as a predator in seamount and shelf habitats. ICES CM 2002/M:28, 2002, 22p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
18 July 2012
Date of issue
June 2012

History

Received
04 Jan 2011
Accepted
18 Nov 2011
Reviewed
22 July 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] AKYOL, O. Some biological properties and stock estimates of Zeus faber L., 1758 (Pisces, Zeidae) in the Aegean coasts of Turkey. E.U. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci, v. 18, p. 39-46, 2001.

[2] BAKER, K. D.; DEVINE, J. A.; HAEDRICH, R. L. Deep-sea fishes in Canada's Atlantic: population declines and predicted recovery times. Environ. Biol. Fish, v. 85, p. 79-88, 2009.

[3] BOWMAN, R. E., STILLWELL, C. E.; MICHAELS, W. L.; GROSSLEIN, M. D. Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 2000. 138p.

[4] CADDY, J. F.; SEIJO, J. C. Reproductive contributions foregone with harvesting: a conceptual framework. Fish. Res, v. 59, p. 17-30, 2002.

[5] DUNN, M. R. The biology and exploitation of John dory, Zeus faber (Linnaeus, 1758) in the waters of England and Wales. ICES J. Mar. Sci., v. 58, p. 96-105, 2001.

[6] FOCK, H. O.; ZIDOWITZ, H. Episodic recruitment to seamount populations: evidence from Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical North-east Atlantic). Arch. Fish. Mar. Res./Arch. Fisch. Meeresforsch, v. 51, p. 287-293, 2004.

[7] FROESE, R.; PAULY, D. (Ed.). Fishbase. <www.fishbase.org/>. Accessed 17 Oct. 2011.

[8] GIANNI, M. High seas bottom trawl fisheries and their impacts on the biodiversity of vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems: options for international action Gland, Switzerland: IUCN – The World Conservation Union, 2004. 83p.

[9] GLOERFELT-TARP, T.; KAILOLA P. J. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia; German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Federal Republic of Germany, 1984. 407 p.

[10] GREEN, B. S. Maternal effects in fish populations. Adv. Mar. Biol., v. 54, p. 1-105, 2008.

[11] HAIMOVICI, M.; MARTINS, A. S.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; VIEIRA, P. C. Demersal bony fish of the outer shelf and upper slope of the southern Brazil Subtropical Convergence ecosystem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 108, p. 59-77, 1994.

[12] HAIMOVICI, , M.; CASTELLO, J. P.; VOOREM, C. M. Fisheries. In: SEELIGER, U; ODEBRECHT, C.; CASTELLO, J. P. (Ed.). Subtropical Convergence Environments. The Coast and Sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997. p. 183-196.

[13] HAIMOVICI, M.; ROSSI-WONGSTCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B.; BERNARDES, R. A; FISHER, L. G.; VOOREN, C. M.; dos SANTOS, R. A.; RODRIGUES, A. R.; dos SANTOS, S. Prospecção pesqueira de espécies com rede de arrasto-de fundo na região sudeste-sul do Brasil. Sér. Doc. REVIZEE, Score Sul. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico USP, 2008. 183p.

[14] HEEMSTRA, P. C. A revision of the zeid fishes (Zeiformes: Zeidae) of South Africa. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol., v. 41., 1980. 18p.

[15] KING, M. Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management London: Fishing New Books, 1995. 341p.

[16] KOSLOW, J. A.; BOEHLERT, G. W.; GORDON, J. D. M.; HEADRICH, R. L.; LORANCE, P.; PARIN, N. V. Continental slope and deep-sea fisheries: implications for a fragile ecosystem. ICES J. Mar. Sci., v. 57, p. 548-557, 2000.

[17] LEAMAN, B. M.; BEAMISH, R. J. Ecological and management implications of longevity in some northeast Pacific groundfishes. Bull. Int. North Pac. Comm, v. 42, p. 85-230, 1984.

[18] MACPHERSON, E. Ecologia trofica de peces en las costas de Namibia. I. Habitos alimentarios. Invest. Pesq, v. 11, p. 81-137, 1983.

[19] MACPHERSON, E.; DUARTE, C. M. Bathymetric trends in demersal fish size: is there a general relationship? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 71, p. 103-112, 1991.

[20] MUTO, E. Y.; da SILVA, M. H. C.; VERA, G. R.; LEITE, S. S. M.; NAVARRO, D. G.; ROSSI-WONGTSCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B. Alimentação e relações tróficas de peixes demersais da plataforma continental externa e talude superior da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil. Sér. Doc. REVIZEE, Score Sul. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico USP, 2005. 64p.

[21] NAKABO, T.; BRAY, D. J.; YAMADA, U. A new species of Zenopsis (Zeiformes: Zeidae) from the South China Sea, East China Sea and off Western Australia. Mem. Mus. Victoria, v. 63, p. 91-96, 2006.

[22] NELSON, J. S. Fishes of the World. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006, 624p.

[23] PARIN, N. V. Zenopsis oblonga sp. nov. (Zeidae, Osteichthyes) from the Nuska Ridge. Zool. Zhur, v. 68, p. 150-153, 1989 (in Russian with English summary).

[24] PARIN, N. V.; PAVLOV, Y. P.; ANDRIANOV, D. P. Ecology of the mirror dory, Zenopsis nebulosus, of the submarine Nasca Ridge. J. Ichthyol, v. 28, p. 106-115, 1988.

[25] PAKHORUKOV, N. P. Visual observations of fish from seamounts of the Southern Azores region (the Atlantic Ocean). J. Ichthyol, v. 48, p. 114-123, 2008.

[26] PEREZ, J. A. A. Potenciais de rendimento dos alvos da pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil estimados a partir de parâmetros do ciclo de vida. Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol., v. 10, p. 1-11, 2006.

[27] PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R. A pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil: tendências da frota nacional entre 2001 e 2003. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 32, p. 127-150, 2006.

[28] PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. A bycatch assessment of the gillnet monkfish Lophius gastrophysus fishery off southern Brazil. Fish. Res., v. 72, p. 81-95, 2005.

[29] PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; RODRIGUES, L. F.; VALENTINI, H.; VOOREN, C. M. Relatório da reunião técnica de ordenamento da pesca de arrasto nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Not. Téc. FACIMAR, v. 5, p. 1-34, 2001.

[30] PEREZ J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; LOPES, F. R. A. Estrutura e dinâmica da pescaria do peixe-sapo Lophius gastrophysus no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 28, p. 205-231, 2002.

[31] PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; SCHWINGEL, P. R.; LOPES, F. R. A.; RODRIGUES-RIBEIRO, M. Deep-sea fishery off southern Brazil: recent trends of the Brazilian fishing industry. J. North. Atl. Fish. Sci, v. 31, p. 1-18, 2003.

[32] PEREZ J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P. R. Chartered trawling on the Brazilian slope. Mar. Fish. Rev., v. 71, p. 24-36, 2009a.

[33] PEREZ, J. A. A.; PEZZUTO, P. R.; WAHRLICH, R.; SOARES, A.L. de S. Deep-water fisheries in Brazil: history, status, and perspectives. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., v. 37 p. 513-541, 2009b.

[34] PEZZUTO, P. R.; PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. Deep-sea shrimps (Decapoda: Aristeidae): new targets of the deep-sea trawling fishery in Brazil. Braz. J. Oceanogr, v. 54, p. 123-134, 2006a.

[35] PEZZUTO, P. R.; PEREZ, J. A. A.; WAHRLICH, R. O ordenamento das pescarias de caranguejos-de-profundidade (Chaceon spp.) (Decapoda: Geryonidae) no sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. Pesca, v. 32, p. 229-247, 2006b.

[36] QUÉRO, J-C. Changes in the Euro-Atlantic fish species composition resulting from fishing and ocean warming. Ita. J. Zool., v. 65, p. 493-499, 1998.

[37] QUÉRO, J-C., HUREAU, J. C.; KARRER, C.; POST, A.; SALDANHA. L. Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic Lisboa, Portugal: Clofeta 2, JNICT, 1990. 1492p

[38] QUIGLEY, D. T. G.; FLANNERY, K. Sailfin dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe1852): further records from Irish waters and a review of north-west European records. Ir. Nat. J., v. 25, p. 71-76. 1995.

[39] RAGONESE, S. Growth and senescence interaction in fish: the state of art. (Crescita e senescenza nei pesci: il quadro attuale). Biol. Mar. Medit., v. 11, p. 91-106, 2004.

[40] RAGONESE, S.; GIUSTO, G. B. Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) (Pisces, Actinopterygii, Zeidae): a new alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Fish Biol, v. 71, p. 1853-1857, 2007

[41] RAGONESE, S.; REALE, B. Distribuzione e crescita dello scorfano di fondale, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), nello stretto di Sicilia (Mar Mediterraneo). Biol. Mar. Medit, v. 2, p. 269-273, 1995.

[42] SILVA, A. Distribution and abundance of John dory (Zeus faber, Linnaeus 1758) in the Portuguese continental waters (ICES Div. IXa) during 1986–1991. ICES CM 1997/G: 68, 1992, 33p.

[43] SMITH, D. C.; STEWART. B. D. Development of methods to age commercially important dories and oreos. Newsl. Aust. Soc. Fish Biol., v. 22, p. 53-54, 1994.

[44] STERGIOU, K. I.; FOURTOUNI, H. Food habits, ontogenetic diet shift and selectivity in Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758. J. Fish Biol, v. 39, p. 589-603, 1991.

[45] SWABY, S. E.; POTTS, G. W. The Sailfin dory, a first British record. J. Fish Biol., v. 54, p. 1338-1340, 1999.

[46] VAZZOLER, A. E. A. de M. Biologia da Reprodução de Peixes Teleósteos: Teoria e Prática Maringá: EDUEM 1996. 169p

[47] WEISS, G.; HUBOLD, G.; BAINY, A. C. D. Larval development of the Zeiform fishes Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843 and Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) from the south west Atlantic. Cybium, v. 11, p. 79-91, 1987.

[48] WOOTTON R. J. Ecology of Teleostei Fish Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999. 392p.

[49] YESAKI, M.; RAHN, E.; SILVA, G. Sumário das explorações de peixes de arrasto de fundo ao largo da costa sul do Brasil. Doc. Téc. SUDEPE-PDP, v. 19, p. 1-37, 1976.

[50] YONEDA, M.; YAMASAKI, S.; YAMAMOTO, K.; HORIKAWA, H.; MATSUYAMA, M. Age and growth of John Dory, Zeus faber (Linnaeus, 1758), in the East China Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci, v. 59, p. 749-756, 2002.

[51] YONEDA, M.; YAMAMOTO, K.; YAMASAKI, S.; MATSUYAMA, M. Growth and maturation variability of female John Dory (Zeus faber) in the East China Sea in relation to thermal gradients. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, v. 86, p. 885-892, 2006.

[52] ZIDOWITZ, H.; FOCK, H. O.; WESTERNHAGEN, H. v. The role of Zenopsis spp. as a predator in seamount and shelf habitats. ICES CM 2002/M:28, 2002, 22p.