Resumos
O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar, em longo prazo, a presença de oocistos de Isospora spp. em várias espécies de passeriformes, naturalmente infectadas, criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas 289 amostras em dois criatórios de passeriformes, onde houve comprovação prévia de infecção por Isospora, nos quais havia alojamento de várias espécies de passeriformes adultos. As amostras foram colhidas de forma individual, com periodicidade mensal, por 13 meses, purificadas em solução de Sheather e examinadas por microscopia. Das 289 amostras, 159 (55,02%) apresentaram positividade para oocistos de Isospora e 130 (44,98%) foram negativas. Na maioria das aves analisadas foi observada eliminação de oocistos, em pequena quantidade, intermitente e por período prolongado. Apesar de todas as aves apresentarem oocistos de Isospora nas fezes pelo menos uma vez, em um período de 13 meses, as aves não apresentaram isosporose clínica. Os resultados observados neste experimento fornecem dados para o controle da isosporose em passeriformes criados em cativeiro. As decisões sobre a realização de tratamento profilático ou curativo, assim como sobre medidas higiênico-sanitárias a serem adotadas devem levar em consideração não somente a presença de parasito em fezes, mas também a intensidade de eliminação de oocistos, ssim como a avaliação do manejo higiênico sanitário e nutricional e a presença de sinais clínicos e/ou de mortalidade.
amostras de fezes; aves; Isospora spp.; oocistos
This study aimed to research the long-term shedding of Isospora spp. oocysts in several species of passerines naturally infected and kept in captivity. Two hundred and eighty-nine fecal samples were collected from two flocks with previous diagnosis of isosporosis, in which several adult passerine species were raised. Samples were collected individually, monthly, for 13 months, purified in Sheather's sugar solution and examined using microscopy. Of the 289 samples, 159 (55.02%) were positive for Isospora spp. oocysts and 130 (44.98%) were negative. Most of the birds analyzed shed oocysts in small quantity (score 1), intermittently and for a long period. Despite the occurrence of Isospora infection, the birds that were analysed showed no clinical isosporosis. The results of this research provide data for the control of isosporosis in passerines raised in captivity. The decisions about performing prophylactic or curative treatment, as well as decisions related to hygiene and sanitary measures must take into account not only the presence of the parasite in feces, but also the intensity of oocysts shedding, as well as evaluation of sanitary and nutritional management and the presence of clinical signs and/or mortality.
birds; fecal samples; Isospora spp.; oocysts
-
1Hõrak P, Saks L, Karu U, Ots I, Surai PF, McGraw KJ. How coccidian parasites affect health and appearance of greenfinches. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2004; 73(5): 935-47.
-
2Sironi G. Concurrent calicivirus and Isospora lacazei infections in goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis). Veterinary Record. 1994; 134(8):196.
-
3Giacomo R, Stefania P, Ennio T, Giorgina BC, Giovanni B, Giacomo R. Mortality in black siskins (Carduelis atrata) with systemic coccidiosis. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 1997; 33(1):152-57.
-
4Zinke A, Schnebel B, Dierschke V, Ryll M. Prevalence and intensity of excretion of coccidial oocysts in migrating passerines on Helgoland. Journal of Ornithology. 2004; 145(1):74-8.
-
5Dolnik O. The relative stability of chronic Isospora Sylvianthina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infection in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla): evaluation of a simplified method of estimating isosporan infection intensity in passerine birds. Parasitology Research. 2006; 100(1):155-60.
-
6López G, Figuerola J, Soriguer R. Time of day, age and feeding habits influence coccidian oocyst shedding in wild passerines. International Journal for Parasitology. 2007; 37(1):559-64.
-
7Filipiak L, Mathieu F, Moreau J. Caution on the assessment of intestinal parasitic load in studying parasite-mediated sexual selection: The case of blackbirds coccidiosis. International Journal for Parasitology. 2009; 39(6):741-46.
-
8Dolnik O.V, Dolnik V.R, Bairlein F. The effect of host foraging ecology on the prevalence and intensity of coccidian infection in wild passerine birds. Ardea. 2010; 98(1):97-103.
-
9Dolnik OV, Metzger BJ, Loonen MJJE. Keeping the clock set under the midnight sun: diurnal periodicity and synchrony of avian Isospora parasites cycle in the High Arctic. Parasitology. 2011; 138(9):1077-81.
-
10Coelho CD, Berto BP, Neves DM, Oliveira VM, Flausino W, Lopes CWG. Oocyst shedding by green-winged-saltator (Saltator similis) in the diagnostic of coccidiosis and Isospora similisi n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology. 2013; 22(1):64-70.
-
11Vasconcellos MSD, Batista LCSO, Vidal LGP, Passos MM. Intensidade de infecção por Isospora spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em trinca-ferros-verdadeiros Saltator similis d'Orbigny, Lafresnaye (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) mantidos em cativeiro no Município de Valença, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Coccidia. 2013; 1(2):39-43.
-
12Hõrak P, Saks L, Karu U, Ots I. Host resistance and parasite virulence in greenfinch coccidiosis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2006; 19(1):277-88.
-
13Peek HW, Landman WJ. Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies. Veterinary Quaterly. 2011; 31(3):143-61.
-
14Elliot A, Morgan UM, Thompsom RCA. Improved staining method for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in stools using malachite green. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 1999; 45(3):139-42.
-
15Berto BP, Mcintosh D, Lopes CWG. Studies on coccidian oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology. 2014; 23(1):1-15.
-
16Misof K. Diurnal cycle of Isospora spp. oocyst shedding in Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2004; 82(5):764-768.
-
17Martinaud G, Billaudelle M, Moreau J. Circadian variation in shedding of the oocysts of Isospora turdi (Apicomplexa) in blackbirds (Turdus merula): An adaptative trait against desiccation and ultraviolet radiation. International Journal for Parasitology. 2009; 39(6):735-39.
-
18Marini MA, Durães R. Annual patterns of molt and reproductive activity of passerines in south-central Brazil. The Condor. 2001; 103(4):767-75.
-
19Carvalho Filho PR, Meireles GS, Ribeiro CT, Lopes CWG. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeridae) from the double-collared seed eater, Sporophila caerulescens (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), from Eastern Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2005; 100(2):151-54.
-
20Silva EAT, Literák I, Koudela B. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) from the lesser seed-finch, Oryzoborus angolensis (Passeriformes:Emberezidae) from Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2006; 101(5): 573-76.
-
21Berto BP, Flausino W, Luz HR, Ferreira I, Lopes CWG. Coccidia of New World passerine bir¬ds (Aves: Passeriformes): a review of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Systematic Parasitology. 2011; 80(3):159-204.
-
22Lopes BB, Berto BP, Luz HR, Galvão GD, Ferreira I, Lopes CWG. Isospora massardi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis (Passeriformes: Turdidae) from Brazil. Acta Parasitologica. 2014; 59(2):272-75.
-
23Davis GS. The effects of long-term caging and molt of Single Comb White Leghorn hens on heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, corticosterone, and thyroid hormones. Poultry Science. 2000; 79(4):514-18.
-
24Cox FEG. Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses. Parasitology. 2001; 122(1):S23-S38.
Datas de Publicação
-
Publicação nesta coleção
22 Jan 2015 -
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2014
Histórico
-
Aceito
08 Jul 2014 -
Recebido
14 Fev 2013