ABSTRACT
Family farming in Brazil holds a high diversity of melon germplasm, composing an important source of alleles for breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and select genotypes from a population of melon sub-accessions from different botanical varieties grown by family farmers, based on morphological parameters. Two experiments were conducted, one in 2019 and another in 2020, in a complete randomized block design, with three replications and five plants per plot, using 27 melon sub-accessions (generation S2) from family farmers, and a commercial variety. Nine quantitative descriptors were evaluated. Assumptions of ANOVA were tested, followed by individual and joint analyses of variance. Significant differences were found among sub-accessions for all descriptors evaluated, with heritabilities higher than 83% and significant genotype-environment interactions for 88.8% of the characteristics evaluated. Thus, genetic variability was found among sub-accessions, with predominance of genetic effects over environmental effects, denoting the possibility to obtain genetic gains by the improvement of several characteristics of agronomic interest. The sub-accessions BGMEL66.0, BGMEL111.0, and BGMEL112.0 are recommended for inclusion in breeding programs focused on obtaining good prolificacy and small fruits with high soluble solid contents. BGMEL sub-accessions (108.3 and 108.5) can generate progenies with high prolificacy, and sub-accessions of the variety momordica can be used for generation of progenies focused on shortening the crop cycle and increasing fruit size.
Keywords:
Cucumis melo
; Diversity; Heritability; Genetic gain
RESUMO
A agricultura familiar possui uma grande diversidade de germoplasma de melão, constituindo-se em uma importante fonte de alelos para uso em programas de melhoramento. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros genéticos e selecionar genótipos de uma população de subacessos de melão da agricultura familiar pertencentes a diferentes variedades botânicas, com base em caracteres morfológicos. Foram realizados dois experimentos (2019 e 2020), utilizando 27 subacessos de melão (geração S2) provenientes da agricultura familiar e uma variedade comercial, em Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados (DBC) com três repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Para avaliação foram utilizados nove descritores quantitativos. Inicialmente testou-se as pressuposições da ANOVA e, em seguida, realizou-se a análise de variância individual e a análise conjunta. Com isso, constatou-se diferença significativa entre os subacessos para todos os descritores avaliados, com herdabilidades superiores a 83% e iteração G x A significativa para 88,8% das características avaliadas. Assim, percebeu-se a existência de variabilidade genética entre os subacessos, com predominância dos efeitos genéticos sobre os ambientais, sendo possível obter ganhos genéticos para o melhoramento de várias características de interesse agronômico. Indica-se os subacessos BGMEL66.0, BGMEL111.0 e BGMEL112.0 para serem inseridos em programas de melhoramento visando obter frutos pequenos, com uma boa prolificidade e elevado teor de sólidos solúveis. Já os subacessos BGMEL (108.3 e 108.5) podem fornecer progênies de elevada prolificidade e os subacessos da variedade momordica podem ser utilizados para extração de progênies que visem diminuir o ciclo da cultura e aumentar o tamanho do fruto.
Palavras-chave:
Cucumis melo
; Diversidade; Herdabilidade; Ganho genético
INTRODUCTION
Melon (Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae) is a species that presents centers of diversity in Africa and Asia (PITRAT, 2013PITRAT, M. Phenotypic diversity in wild and cultivated melons (Cucumis melo). Plant Biotechnology, 30: 273-278, 2013.). However, it has great economic expression in Brazil, mainly those from the inodorus and cantalupensis groups; the Northeast region is responsible for 96.84% of the Brazilian melon production (IBGE, 2020IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2020. Produção agrícola municipal. Disponível em: <https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612>. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2022.
https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612...
). However, creole varieties have been grown in small rural properties, where farmers use their own seeds for new crops (QUEIRÓZ; BARBIERI; SILVA, 2015QUEIRÓZ, M. A; BARBIERI, R. L.; SILVA, R. A. M. Ocorrência de variabilidade genética em plantas exóticas no Brasil. In: VEIGA, R. F. A.; QUEIRÓZ, M. A. (Eds.). Recursos Fitogenéticos: A base da agricultura sustentável no Brasil. 1 ed. Brasília, DF: Sociedade Brasileira de Recursos Genéticos, 2015. cap. 11, p. 135-147.), resulting in a high variability.
Previous studies using melon germplasm from family farming showed the existence of high variability among melon accessions (DANTAS et al., 2012DANTAS, A. C. et al. Caracterização molecular de acessos de melão coletados no Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 34, 183-189, 2012.; ARAGÃO et al., 2013ARAGÃO, F. A. S. et al. Genetic divergence among accessions of melon from traditional agriculture of the Brazilian Northeast. Genetics and Molecular Research, 12: 6356-6371, 2013.; AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.; MACÊDO et al., 2017MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.; ANDRADE et al., 2019ANDRADE, C. A. et al. Morphoagronomic genetic diversity of Brazilian melon accessions based on fruit traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 243: 514-523, 2019.). However, some important characters for the improvement of melon were not emphasized in these studies, mainly regarding characteristics of some botanical varieties (PITRAT; HANELT; HAMMER, 2000PITRAT, M.; HANELT. P.; HAMMER, K. Some comments on interspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Horticulturae, 510: 29-36, 2000.), which are believed to be important factors and, therefore, should be considered.
Information on genetic factors is essential for any breeding program to identify and maintain favorable alleles; thus, obtaining estimates of genetic parameters is essential to identify the action of alleles involved in controlling characters and estimate genetic gains by selection. (CRUZ; CARNEIRO; REGAZI, 2014CRUZ, C. D.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S; REGAZI, A. J. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 3 ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2014. 668 p.).
Melons from traditional agriculture are an important source of alleles for breeding programs. Although several studies have shown variability among melon accessions (AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.; MACÊDO et al., 2017MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.), there is no study on this germplasm, focused on generating information for selection of genotypes. It denotes the need for studies using melon germplasm from family farmers for morphological characterization of different botanical varieties based on genetic parameters, focused on selecting superior genotypes.
Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and select genotypes from a population of melon sub-accessions from different botanical varieties grown by family farmers, based on morphological parameters.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two experiments were conducted, one in 2019 and another in 2020, at the Experimental Field of the Department of Technology and Social Sciences of the Bahia State University (DTCS/UNEB), in Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil (09°25'04.92271"S and 40°29'04.73710"W, and altitude of approximately 352 meters). Twenty-seven melon sub-accessions (AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.) (S2 generation) from the botanical varieties momordica, cantalupensis, and makuwa and some accessions not identified were evaluated. These accessions were from the traditional agriculture of the state of Maranhão, Brazil (Table 1) that were stored in the Active Germplasm Bank of Cucurbitaceae from the Northeast Region at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, Pernambuco. A commercial variety (Melao Amarelo) was used as control.
Passport data of sub-accessions of Cucumis melo from the Active Germplasm Bank of Cucurbitaceae from the Northeast Region at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), evaluated in 2019 and 2020.
Thirty seeds of each sub-accession were sown in plastic trays filled with a commercial substrate, in a greenhouse covered with a 50% shade screen, and irrigated daily. The seedlings were transplanted to soils previously prepared with plowing and harrowing 15 days after sowing.
The experiments were conducted in a complete randomized block design, with three replications, five plants per plot, and spacings of 2.5 m between rows and 0.8 m between plants, under localized drip irrigation.
The experiments were conducted approximately in the same period (January to April) in 2019 and 2020. Weeding and plant health status monitoring were carried out; the natural soil fertility was adopted, since this system is commonly used under traditional agriculture.
The evaluations were carried out using the following quantitative descriptors (IPGRI, 2003IPGRI – International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Descriptors for melon (Cucumis melo L.). Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, 2003. 65 p.; PITRAT; HANELT; HAMMER, 2000PITRAT, M.; HANELT. P.; HAMMER, K. Some comments on interspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Horticulturae, 510: 29-36, 2000.): fruit weight (kg); fruit diameter and length (cm); fruit cavity diameter and length (cm); pulp thickness (cm); soluble solid contents (°Brix) in pulp composite samples homogenized in a kitchen food processor; earliness (number of days from transplanting to harvest), and prolificacy (number of fruits per plant, counted at the end of the crop cycle).
Regarding the statistical analyses, firstly, the assumptions of ANOVA were tested, transforming the variables when necessary. Individual analysis of variance was then performed for each growing year to assess whether the sub-accessions differed from each other. Subsequently, test of homogeneity of variances was applied (Fmax: ratio between the highest and lowest residual mean square for each descriptor). Joint analysis (AxJ3 simple factorial) was carried out using the model: , where μ = overall mean; Gi = effect of the i-th genotype; Aj = effect of the j-th environment GAij = effect of the interaction of the i-th genotype with the j-th environment; B/Ajk = effect of the k-th block inside the j-th environment; and Eijk = random error and effects: G (random) and A (fixed) (CRUZ; REGAZI; CARNEIRO, 2012CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZI, A. J.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 4. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2012. 514 p.). All genetic and statistical analyses were processed using the program Genes (CRUZ, 2013CRUZ, C. D. Genes: a software package for analysis in experimental statistics and quantitative genetics. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 35: 271-276, 2013.).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data of analysis of variance showed significant differences among melon sub-accessions for all characteristics evaluated (Table 2), denoting the existence of genetic variability among sub-accessions. Similar results were found in previous studies on melon accessions from traditional agriculture (AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.; MACÊDO et al., 2017MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.; ANDRADE et al., 2019ANDRADE, C. A. et al. Morphoagronomic genetic diversity of Brazilian melon accessions based on fruit traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 243: 514-523, 2019.), supporting those found in the present study and, therefore, denoting the possibility of selecting agronomically superior accessions for the characteristics analyzed (CRUZ; REGAZI; CARNEIRO, 2012CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZI, A. J.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 4. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2012. 514 p.).
Test of means for nine characters of melon sub-accessions from family farmers of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluated in 2019 and 2020.
Regarding the homogeneity of sub-accessions in the different growing years, the test of means (Table 2) showed that 22.2% of the sub-accessions (BGMEL10.0, BGMEL77.1, BGMEL67.0, BGMEL86.3, BGMEL108.3, and BGMEL108.4) presented no difference to each other for the characters evaluated. However, 25.9% of the sub-accessions (BGMEL77.3, BGMEL82.2, BGMEL83.2, BGMEL87.1, BGMEL87.2, BGMEL87.3, and BGMEL98.0) presented variations higher than 55.5%; the highest variations were found for earliness (37%), soluble solid contents (37%), fruit weight (33.3%), and pulp thickness (33.3%).
The earliness in the different growing years presented variations in for 37% of the sub-accessions: five from the variety cantalupensis (BGMEL78.0, BGMEL82.2, BGMEL 86.1, BGMEL 87.2, and BGMEL97.1), five from botanical varieties not identified (BGMEL68.3, BGMEL77.3, BGMEL83.2, BGMEL98.0, and BGMEL109.2), and the control. According to the means of the melon varieties, the highest means were found in the growing year I (2019), except for momordica. The lowest means were found for momordica and the highest for the commercial variety (Melao Amarelo) (Table 2), denoting the potential of the variety momordica for selection focused on increasing earliness.
Prolificacy and fruit cavity diameter presented only 18.5% variation, highlighting the variety makuwa and botanical varieties not defined (ND), respectively. Regarding the other characteristics, the highest variations were found for sub-accessions of ND varieties (Table 2); these variations are probably because of the high variability among plants within the sub-accessions, which is due to the introgression of alleles among different botanical varieties (MACÊDO et al., 2017MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.; AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.).
All characteristics were, in general, favored in the growing year II (2020), except soluble solid contents. Sub-accessions from momordica stood out for earliness and characteristics related to fruit size (fruit weight, fruit diameter and length fruit cavity diameter and length, and pulp thickness). In addition, they presented a good prolificacy (Table 2), denoting that this botanical variety is important for selection processes focused on improving these characteristics.
Sub-accessions from ND varieties presented the highest prolificacy (Table 2), mainly the sub-accessions BGMEL108.3 and BGMEL 108.5, however they presented small fruits with low soluble solid contents. Sub-accessions from makuwa also presented prolificacy and progenies with high soluble solid contents, mainly BGMEL66.0, BGMEL111.0, and BGMEL112.0, with small fruits and good prolificacy, which can be a novelty in the market. The control (commercial variety) presented low prolificacy and medium-sized fruits with low solid soluble contents, under the same crop conditions. The commercial variety presented low performance was probably due to the use of the natural soil fertility management, which is common for traditional agricultural crops, since high chemical fertilizer rates are applied to soils for commercial crops.
The joint analysis of variance (Table 3) showed coefficients of variation varying from 5.40 (earliness) to 57.38 (prolificacy). Joint analysis is recommended only for environments with homogeneous residual variances. According to Cruz, Regazi and Carneiro (2012)CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZI, A. J.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 4. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2012. 514 p., several tests can be used to evaluate the homogeneity of residual variances, however, they have limitations or restrictions of use; thus, a practical criterion that can be adopted for grouping experiments to proceed joint analysis is to combine trials whose residual mean squares do not exceed the approximate ratio of 7:1 in the same group. In the present study, the ratios between the highest and lowest variances were between 1.03 and 4.01 for all characteristics evaluated (Table 3), which allowed to proceed the joint analysis and assess the genotype-environment interaction. The high variability found among sub-accessions is partially due to existing differences among plants within each sub-accession. Studies on melon germplasm showed a high variation among accessions (DANTAS et al., 2012DANTAS, A. C. et al. Caracterização molecular de acessos de melão coletados no Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 34, 183-189, 2012.; ARAGÃO et al., 2013ARAGÃO, F. A. S. et al. Genetic divergence among accessions of melon from traditional agriculture of the Brazilian Northeast. Genetics and Molecular Research, 12: 6356-6371, 2013.; TRIMECH et al., 2013TRIMECH, R. et al. Genetic variation in Tunisian melon (Cucumismelo L.) germplasm as assessed by morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60: 1621-1628, 2013.; YILDIZ ; AKGUL; SENSOY, 2014YILDIZ, M; AKGUL, N.; SENSOY, S. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Turkish Landraces of Cucumis melo L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 42: 51-58, 2014.; ANDRADE et al., 2019ANDRADE, C. A. et al. Morphoagronomic genetic diversity of Brazilian melon accessions based on fruit traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 243: 514-523, 2019.) and among plants within accessions (AMORIM et al., 2016AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.; MACÊDO et al., 2017MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.).
Joint analysis of variance among melon sub-accessions from family farmers of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluated in 2019 and 2020.
The joint analysis of variance (Table 3) showed that the genotype effect was highly significant (p≤0.01) for all variables, whereas the environmental effect was not significant, except for prolificacy. The genotype-environment interaction was significant for all variables, except prolificacy.
The predominance of estimates of genetic effects over environmental effects indicates that the genetic factors had a greater effect on the observed phenotype. However, the significant interaction for 88.8% of the variables denotes that the relative performance of the sub-accessions (BORÉM; MIRANDA, FRITSCHE-NETO, 2017BORÉM, A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; FRITSCHE-NETO, R. Melhoramento de plantas. 7ª. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2017. 543p.) varied in the two growing years for all variables evaluated, except prolificacy. However, the temperature data were similar in the two growing years: mean temperatures varied from 27.46 to 28.03 °C (2019) and from 26.56 to 27.28 °C (2020). Rainfall data showed a small difference between growing years: 0.26 to 5.27 mm (2019) and 1.19 to 9.15 mm (2020) (AGRITEMPO, 2021AGRITEMPO. Sistema de monitoramento agrometeorológico. Disponível em: <http://www.agritempo.gov.br/agritempo/jsp/Estatisticas/index.jsp?siglaUF=BA>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2021.
http://www.agritempo.gov.br/agritempo/js...
).
High heritability was found for the genetic parameters, with estimates higher than 83% for all characters evaluated (Table 4), mainly for some characteristics related to fruit size (fruit length, cavity length, and fruit weight). These results denote a great potential for successful selection focused on these characters, as the observed phenotype was mostly affected by the genetic factor. The sub-accessions BGMEL 77.1 and BGMEL 87.1 (variety momordica) and BGMEL 87.3 (variety not defined) stood out for these characteristics (Table 2), showing to be promising for selection processes focused on increasing fruit size.
Genetic parameters for characters of melon sub-accessions from family farmers of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluated in 2019 and 2020.
Lower results were found by Valadares et al. (2017)VALADARES, R. N. et al. Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e correlações em acessos de melão do grupo momordica. Horticultura Brasileira, 35: 557-563, 2017. for fruit weight (86.00%) and length (93.00%) when evaluating heritability of 23 melon accessions from the momordica group. However, this difference can be attributed to the use of another set of genotypes in the experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions, which allows for more control of environmental effects. Aragão, Nunes and Queiróz (2015)ARAGÃO, F. A. S.; NUNES, G. H. S.; QUEIRÓZ, M. A. Genotype x environment interaction of melon families based on fruit quality traits. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 15: 79-86, 2015. evaluated melon families and found lower heritabilities than those found in the present study, for all characters evaluated.
The estimated genetic, phenotypic, and environmental variations (Table 4) indicated that the genetic variation () was higher than the environmental variation () for all characters evaluated. Thus, it can be said that genetic effects predominate in the expression of the phenotype, indicating greater reliability and greater genetic gains in phenotypic selection. However, more significant variations between growing years were found for earliness, prolificacy, fruit length, and fruit cavity length.
The coefficients of genetic variation (CVg) found varied from 2.24% to 61.64% (Table 4) and were higher than the coefficients of environmental variation (CVe) for all characters evaluated. The lowest CVg were found for earliness and the highest for prolificacy, fruit cavity length fruit length and soluble solids. However, the highest CVe were also found for prolificacy and soluble solid contents, indicating that these characteristics were highly affected by environmental factors. Valadares et al. (2017)VALADARES, R. N. et al. Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e correlações em acessos de melão do grupo momordica. Horticultura Brasileira, 35: 557-563, 2017. evaluated melon accessions from the variety momordica and found the highest CVg for pistil scar size (72.04) and soluble solid contents (55.34). Ferreira et al. (2016)FERREIRA, M. G. et al. Parâmetros genéticos, dissimilaridade e desempenho per se em acessos de abóbora. Horticultura Brasileira, 34: 537-546, 2016. evaluated pumpkin accessions and found the highest CVg for fruit weight and prolificacy, which denotes a greater effect of genetic factors on the expression of the phenotype and reinforces the existence of high variability in the germplasm.
The CVg to CVe ratio (CVg/CVe) presented values >1 for all characters (Table 4). CVg/CVe equal to or higher than 1 and heritability higher than 80% are favorable conditions for selection (CRUZ; REGAZI; CARNEIRO, 2012CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZI, A. J.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 4. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2012. 514 p.), which were found for all characteristics evaluated, denoting great potential for a successful selection.
CONCLUSIONS
The melon sub-accessions evaluated present genetic variability, with predominance of genetic effects over environmental effects, denoting the possibility of obtaining genetic gains by improving several characteristics of agronomic interest. The sub-accessions BGMEL 66.0, BGMEL111.0, and BGMEL112.0 from the variety makuwa are an important source of germplasm for the obtaining of good prolificacy and small fruits with high soluble solid contents. However, the sub-accessions BGMEL 108.3 and BGMEL 108.5, from botanical varieties not defined, can generate progenies with a high prolificacy; whereas sub-accessions from the variety momordica can be used for generation of progenies focused on shortening the crop cycle and increasing fruit size.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for granting scholarships and financial support for the development of the present study; and the Bahia State University (UNEB), State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), and Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid) for financial support, infrastructure, and access to the genotypes evaluated.
REFERENCES
- AGRITEMPO. Sistema de monitoramento agrometeorológico. Disponível em: <http://www.agritempo.gov.br/agritempo/jsp/Estatisticas/index.jsp?siglaUF=BA>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2021.
» http://www.agritempo.gov.br/agritempo/jsp/Estatisticas/index.jsp?siglaUF=BA - AMORIM, C. C. et al. Morphological diversity and identification of accessions of melon. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 3622-3632, 2016.
- ANDRADE, C. A. et al. Morphoagronomic genetic diversity of Brazilian melon accessions based on fruit traits. Scientia Horticulturae, 243: 514-523, 2019.
- ARAGÃO, F. A. S. et al. Genetic divergence among accessions of melon from traditional agriculture of the Brazilian Northeast. Genetics and Molecular Research, 12: 6356-6371, 2013.
- ARAGÃO, F. A. S.; NUNES, G. H. S.; QUEIRÓZ, M. A. Genotype x environment interaction of melon families based on fruit quality traits. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 15: 79-86, 2015.
- BORÉM, A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; FRITSCHE-NETO, R. Melhoramento de plantas. 7ª. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2017. 543p.
- CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZI, A. J.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 4. ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2012. 514 p.
- CRUZ, C. D. Genes: a software package for analysis in experimental statistics and quantitative genetics. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 35: 271-276, 2013.
- CRUZ, C. D.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S; REGAZI, A. J. Modelos biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. 3 ed. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2014. 668 p.
- DANTAS, A. C. et al. Caracterização molecular de acessos de melão coletados no Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 34, 183-189, 2012.
- FERREIRA, M. G. et al. Parâmetros genéticos, dissimilaridade e desempenho per se em acessos de abóbora. Horticultura Brasileira, 34: 537-546, 2016.
- IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2020. Produção agrícola municipal. Disponível em: <https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612>. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2022.
» https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612 - IPGRI – International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Descriptors for melon (Cucumis melo L.). Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, 2003. 65 p.
- MACÊDO, S. S. et al. Botanical identification and genetic diversity in melons from family farming in the state of Maranhão. Revista Caatinga, 30: 602-613, 2017.
- PITRAT, M.; HANELT. P.; HAMMER, K. Some comments on interspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Horticulturae, 510: 29-36, 2000.
- PITRAT, M. Phenotypic diversity in wild and cultivated melons (Cucumis melo). Plant Biotechnology, 30: 273-278, 2013.
- QUEIRÓZ, M. A; BARBIERI, R. L.; SILVA, R. A. M. Ocorrência de variabilidade genética em plantas exóticas no Brasil. In: VEIGA, R. F. A.; QUEIRÓZ, M. A. (Eds.). Recursos Fitogenéticos: A base da agricultura sustentável no Brasil. 1 ed. Brasília, DF: Sociedade Brasileira de Recursos Genéticos, 2015. cap. 11, p. 135-147.
- TRIMECH, R. et al. Genetic variation in Tunisian melon (Cucumismelo L.) germplasm as assessed by morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60: 1621-1628, 2013.
- VALADARES, R. N. et al. Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e correlações em acessos de melão do grupo momordica Horticultura Brasileira, 35: 557-563, 2017.
- YILDIZ, M; AKGUL, N.; SENSOY, S. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Turkish Landraces of Cucumis melo L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 42: 51-58, 2014.
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
22 May 2023 -
Date of issue
Apr-Jun 2023
History
-
Received
29 Sept 2021 -
Accepted
05 Jan 2023