Reflectivity of Hybrid Microwave Absorbers Based on NiZn Ferrite and Carbon Black

Dias, Josiane de Castro; Martin, Inácio Malmonge; Rezende, Mirabel Cerqueira

doi:10.5028/jatm.2012.04032512

Abstract:

This study had as main objective to show that the adequate combination of magnetic and dielectric particles can improve the radar absorbing materials performance. For this, formulations of polyurethane resin loaded with carbon black and NiZn ferrite, with general composition MFe₂O₄, where M = Ni, Zn or both elements, homogenized by conventional mechanical mixture, were prepared. Reflectivity measurements of different coating formulations applied on aluminum flat plates (l.0 ± 0.l mm-thickness) were performed using the Naval Research laboratory arch technique, in the X-band frequency range. X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility evolution analyses of the tested ferrite showed that this magnetic additive presents different phases. Attenuation values of ~4 dB (~60% of the wave absorption) for the polyurethane/carbon black/ferrite formulation, 49/l/50 in wt.%, respectively, were found. This low attenuation values (~4 dB) is attributed to the presence of different phases in the NiZn ferrite, as shown by both the X-ray pattern and the magnetic susceptibility analyses, and also to the thickness and the additives concentration used. As main result, this study shows that the adequate combination of carbon black and NiZn ferrite improves the processed radar absorbing materials performance due to the adequate adjustment of the impedance matching, which favors the microwave absorber-electromagnetic wave interaction.

Keywords:
Coatings; Radar absorbing materials; RAM; NiZn ferrites; Carbon black

Full text available only in PDF format.

REFERENCES

Afsar, M. N. et al., 1986, "The measurement of the properties of materials". Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 74, Nº. 1, pp. 183-199.
Balanis, C. A., 1997, "Advanced Engineering Eletromagnetics". New York: John Wiley Sons.
Cabot Co., USA, 2004, "Data Sheet: Vulcan XC72". http://www.cabot-corp.com/wcm/download/en-us/sb/VULCAN_XC72-English.pdf, in 07/13/2012.
» http://www.cabot-corp.com/wcm/download/en-us/sb/VULCAN_XC72-English.pdf
Cho, S.B. et al., 1996, "Relationship betwen magnetics properties and microwave-absorbing characteristics of NiZnCo ferrites composites". Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 4719-4722.
Cullity, B. D., 1972, "Introduction to Magnetic Materials". Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, INC, United State of America.
Dias, J. C., 2000, "Obtenção de revestimentos absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética (2-20 GHz) aplicados no setor aeronáutico", PhD Thesis, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Dias, J. C. et al., 2005, "Refletividade de Fótons Microondas por Tintas Poliuretânicas Aditadas com Ferritas de NiZn e MnZn". Revista Física Aplicada e Instrumentação, Vol. 18, Nº. 1, pp. 24-33.
Faez, R. et al., 2005, "Microwave Absorbing Coatings Based on a Blend of Nitrile Rubber, EPDM Rubber and Polyaniline". Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 55, Nº. 1, pp. 299-307.
Folgueras, L. C. et al., 2007, "Dielectric microwave absorbing material processed by impregnantion of carbon fiber fabric with polyaniline". Materials Research, Vol. 10, pp. 95-99.
Gama, A. M. and Rezende, M. C., 2010, "Complex permeability and permittivity variation of carbonyl iron rubber in the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz". Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 2, Nº 1, pp. 59-62.
Gama, A.M. et al., 2011, "Dependence of microwave absorption properties on ferrite volume fraction in MnZn ferrite/rubber microwave absorbing materials". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 323, pp. 2782-2785.
JCPDS, 2008, International Centre Diffraction Date, PCPDFWIN v. 1.30, Cards for NiFe2O4, Nickel Iron Oxide, ZnFe2O4, Zinc Iron Oxide and NiZnFe2O4, Nickel Zinc Iron Oxide, American Ceramic Society, USA.
Knott, E.F. et al., 1993, "Radar Cross Section". 2ª Edition, Artech House, Inc., Norwood, USA.
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Marcel Dekker Inc., 1990, "Handbook of Ceramics and Composites", Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Vol. 1, New York.
Martins, C. R. et al., 2006, "Reactive processing and evaluation of butadiene-styrene copolymer/polyaniline conductive blends". Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 100, pp. 681-685.
Pinto, S. S. and Rezende, M. C., 2012, "Estudo da aplicação da poli(o-metoxianilina) e de seus compósitos com negro de fumo no processamento de absorvedores de microondas". Polímeros, Ciência e Tecnologia. Vol. XXII, Nº. 2, pp. in press
Rezende, M.C. et al., 2001, "Microwave properties of EPDM/PAni-DBSA blends". Synthetic Metals, Vol. 119, pp. 435-436.
Rezende, M.C. et al., 2002, "Radar cross section measurements (8-12 GHz) of magnetic and dielectric microwave absorbing thin sheets". Revista de Física Aplicada e Instrumentação, Vol. 1, Nº. 1, pp. 1-10.
Rezende, M. C., et al., 2004, "Microwave absorption properties of a conductive thermoplastic blend based on polyaniline". Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 51, pp. 321-326.
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Smith, F.C. et al., 1994, "Methodology for accurate free-space characterization of radar absorbing materials". IEE Proc. Sc. Meas. Technol., Vol. 4, Nº 6, pp. 538-546.
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Valenzuela, R., 1994, "Magnetic Ceramics (series Chemistry of solid materials)", University Press, New York.
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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jul-Sep 2012

History

Received
24 Apr 2012
Accepted
04 July 2012

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Afsar, M. N. et al., 1986, "The measurement of the properties of materials". Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 74, Nº. 1, pp. 183-199.

[2] Balanis, C. A., 1997, "Advanced Engineering Eletromagnetics". New York: John Wiley Sons.

[3] Cabot Co., USA, 2004, "Data Sheet: Vulcan XC72". http://www.cabot-corp.com/wcm/download/en-us/sb/VULCAN_XC72-English.pdf, in 07/13/2012.
» http://www.cabot-corp.com/wcm/download/en-us/sb/VULCAN_XC72-English.pdf

[4] Cho, S.B. et al., 1996, "Relationship betwen magnetics properties and microwave-absorbing characteristics of NiZnCo ferrites composites". Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 4719-4722.

[5] Cullity, B. D., 1972, "Introduction to Magnetic Materials". Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, INC, United State of America.

[6] Dias, J. C., 2000, "Obtenção de revestimentos absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética (2-20 GHz) aplicados no setor aeronáutico", PhD Thesis, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

[7] Dias, J. C. et al., 2005, "Refletividade de Fótons Microondas por Tintas Poliuretânicas Aditadas com Ferritas de NiZn e MnZn". Revista Física Aplicada e Instrumentação, Vol. 18, Nº. 1, pp. 24-33.

[8] Faez, R. et al., 2005, "Microwave Absorbing Coatings Based on a Blend of Nitrile Rubber, EPDM Rubber and Polyaniline". Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 55, Nº. 1, pp. 299-307.

[9] Folgueras, L. C. et al., 2007, "Dielectric microwave absorbing material processed by impregnantion of carbon fiber fabric with polyaniline". Materials Research, Vol. 10, pp. 95-99.

[10] Gama, A. M. and Rezende, M. C., 2010, "Complex permeability and permittivity variation of carbonyl iron rubber in the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz". Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 2, Nº 1, pp. 59-62.

[11] Gama, A.M. et al., 2011, "Dependence of microwave absorption properties on ferrite volume fraction in MnZn ferrite/rubber microwave absorbing materials". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 323, pp. 2782-2785.

[12] JCPDS, 2008, International Centre Diffraction Date, PCPDFWIN v. 1.30, Cards for NiFe2O4, Nickel Iron Oxide, ZnFe2O4, Zinc Iron Oxide and NiZnFe2O4, Nickel Zinc Iron Oxide, American Ceramic Society, USA.

[13] Knott, E.F. et al., 1993, "Radar Cross Section". 2ª Edition, Artech House, Inc., Norwood, USA.

[14] Lee, S. M., 1991, "International Encyclopedial of Composites". New York: VHC Publishers, Vol. 6, pp. 404-430.

[15] Marcel Dekker Inc., 1990, "Handbook of Ceramics and Composites", Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Vol. 1, New York.

[16] Martins, C. R. et al., 2006, "Reactive processing and evaluation of butadiene-styrene copolymer/polyaniline conductive blends". Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 100, pp. 681-685.

[17] Pinto, S. S. and Rezende, M. C., 2012, "Estudo da aplicação da poli(o-metoxianilina) e de seus compósitos com negro de fumo no processamento de absorvedores de microondas". Polímeros, Ciência e Tecnologia. Vol. XXII, Nº. 2, pp. in press

[18] Rezende, M.C. et al., 2001, "Microwave properties of EPDM/PAni-DBSA blends". Synthetic Metals, Vol. 119, pp. 435-436.

[19] Rezende, M.C. et al., 2002, "Radar cross section measurements (8-12 GHz) of magnetic and dielectric microwave absorbing thin sheets". Revista de Física Aplicada e Instrumentação, Vol. 1, Nº. 1, pp. 1-10.

[20] Rezende, M. C., et al., 2004, "Microwave absorption properties of a conductive thermoplastic blend based on polyaniline". Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 51, pp. 321-326.

[21] Rezende, M. C., et al., 2003, "Medidas de refletividade de materiais absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética usando as técnicas RCS e NRL". Revista Física Aplicada e Instrumentação, Vol. 16, Nº. 1, pp. 30-36.

[22] Smith, F.C. et al., 1994, "Methodology for accurate free-space characterization of radar absorbing materials". IEE Proc. Sc. Meas. Technol., Vol. 4, Nº 6, pp. 538-546.

[23] Soto-Oviedo, M.A. et al., 2006, "Antiestatic coating and electromagnetic shielding properties of a hybrid material based on polyaniline/organoclay nanocomposite and EPDM rubber". Synthetic Metals, Vol. 156, pp. 1249-1255.

[24] Valenzuela, R., 1994, "Magnetic Ceramics (series Chemistry of solid materials)", University Press, New York.

[25] Verwey, E. J. W. and Helmann, E. L., 1947, "Physical properties and cation arragemente of oxides with spinel estructures. I. cation arrangement in spinels". J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 15, Nº. 4, pp. 174-187.

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