Effect of thermal modification on the physical properties of juvenile and mature woods of Eucalyptus grandis

Calonego, Fred Willians; Severo, Elias Taylor Durgante; Latorraca, João Vicente

doi:10.4322/floram.2014.004

Abstracts

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of juvenile and mature woods of Eucalyptus grandis. Boards were taken from 30-year-old E. grandis trees. The boards were thermally modified at 180 °C in the Laboratory of Wood Drying and Preservation at UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The results showed that thermal modification caused: (1) decrease of 6.8% in the density at 0% equilibrium moisture content of mature wood; (2) significant decreases of 14.7% and 35.6% in the maximum volumetric swellings of juvenile and mature woods, respectively; (3) significant decreases of 13.7% and 21.3% in the equilibrium moisture content of juvenile and mature woods, respectively. The influence of thermal modification in juvenile wood was lower than in mature wood and caused greater uniformity in the physical variations between these types of wood in E. grandis.

thermally-modified wood; eucalyptus; maximum swellings; wood density

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento de modificação térmica nas propriedades físicas dos lenhos juvenil e adulto da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. Para tanto, tábuas centrais foram obtidas de árvores de E. grandis com 30 anos de idade. Esse material foi modificado termicamente a 180 °C no Laboratório de Secagem e Preservação de Madeiras da UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de modificação térmica ocasionou: (1) decréscimo de 6,8% na densidade a 0% de umidade no lenho adulto; (2) redução significativa de 14,7% e 35,6% nos inchamentos volumétricos máximos dos lenhos juvenil e adulto, respectivamente; (3) diminuição significativa de 13,7% e 21,3% no teor de umidade de equilíbrio dos lenhos juvenil e adulto, respectivamente. A influência da modificação térmica no lenho juvenil foi menor do que no lenho adulto e ocasionou uma maior uniformização nas propriedades físicas entre esses dois tipos de lenho da madeira de E. grandis.

madeira modificada termicamente; eucalipto; inchamentos máximos; densidade da madeira

Arnold M. Effect of moisture on the bending properties of thermally modified beech and spruce. Journal of Material Science 2010; 45: 669-680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3984-8
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. ABNT NBR 7190: Ações nas estruturas, propriedades da madeira e dimensionamento nos estados limites de utilização. Rio de Janeiro; 1997.
Bächle H, Zimmer B, Windeisen E, Wegener G. Evaluation of thermally modified beech and spruce wood and their properties by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Wood Science and Technology 2010; 44: 421-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0361-3
Bao FC, Jiang ZH, Jiang XM, Lu XX, Luo XQ, Zhang SY. Differences in wood properties between juvenile wood and mature wood in 10 species grown in China. Wood Science and Technology 2001; 35: 363-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260100099
Bhuiyan TR, Hirai N, Sobue N. Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist conditions. Journal of Wood Science 2000; 46: 431-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00765800
Bhuiyan TR, Hirai N, Sobue N. Effect of intermittent heat treatment on crystallinity in wood cellulose. Journal of Wood Science 2001; 47: 336-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766782
Brito JO, Garcia JN, Bortoletto G Jr, Pessoa AMC, Silva PHM. Densidade básica e retratibilidade da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, submetida a diferentes temperaturas de termorretificação. Cerne 2006; 12(2): 182-188.
Brito JO, Silva FG, Leão MM, Almeida G. Chemical composition changes in eucalyptus and pinus woods submitted to heat treatment. Bioresource Technology 2008; 99: 8545-8548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.069
Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Assi PP. Mensuração do comprimento das fibras para a determinação da madeira juvenil em Eucalyptus citriodora Scientia Forestalis 2005; (68): 113-121.
Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Ballarin AW. Physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood from E. grandis European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2012; 70(4): 453-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0568-5
Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Furtado EL. Decay resistance of thermally-modified Eucalyptus grandis wood at 140°C, 160°C, 180°C, 200°C and 220°C. Bioresource Technology 2010; 101(23): 9391-9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.119
Esteves B, Marques AV, Domingos I, Pereira H. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulos) wood. Wood Science and Technology 2007; 41: 193-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-006-0099-0
Ferreira AL, Severo ETD, Calonego FW. Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones from Hevea brasiliensis trees grown in Brazil. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2011; 69: 659-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0510-2
Metsä-Kortelainen S, Anitikainen T, Viitaniemi P. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pines and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170°C, 190°C, 210°C and 230°C. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products/Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2005; 64: 192-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y
Oliveira JTS. Caracterização da madeira de eucalipto para a construção civil [tese].
Papadopoulos AN. Pyridine-catalyst acetylation of pine wood: influence of mature sapwood vs juvenile wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products/Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2006; 64: 134-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0056-x
Severo ETD, Calonego FW. Processo de modificação térmica, por irradiação de calor, para a melhora da estabilidade dimensional e da durabilidade biológica de madeira sólida BR PI 0902/38-8A2, 2009 junho 24.
Severo ETD, Calonego FW, Sansígolo CA. Physical and chemical changes in juvenile and mature woods of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii by thermal modification. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2012; 70(5): 741-747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-012-0611-1
Vernois M. Heat treatment of wood in France: state of the art. In: Special Seminar: Environmental Optimisation of Wood Protection; 2001. Antibes: COST ACTION E 22; 2001. p. 39-46
Wikberg H, Maunu SL. Characterization of thermally-modified hard- and softwoods by 13C CPMAS NMR. Carbohydrate Polymers 2004; 58: 461-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.08.008
Zobel BJ, Van Buijtenen JP. Wood variation: its causes and control New York: Springer-Verlag; 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74069-5

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
11 Feb 2014
Date of issue
Mar 2014

History

Accepted
12 Mar 2013
Received
20 June 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Arnold M. Effect of moisture on the bending properties of thermally modified beech and spruce. Journal of Material Science 2010; 45: 669-680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3984-8

[2] Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. ABNT NBR 7190: Ações nas estruturas, propriedades da madeira e dimensionamento nos estados limites de utilização. Rio de Janeiro; 1997.

[3] Bächle H, Zimmer B, Windeisen E, Wegener G. Evaluation of thermally modified beech and spruce wood and their properties by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Wood Science and Technology 2010; 44: 421-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0361-3

[4] Bao FC, Jiang ZH, Jiang XM, Lu XX, Luo XQ, Zhang SY. Differences in wood properties between juvenile wood and mature wood in 10 species grown in China. Wood Science and Technology 2001; 35: 363-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260100099

[5] Bhuiyan TR, Hirai N, Sobue N. Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist conditions. Journal of Wood Science 2000; 46: 431-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00765800

[6] Bhuiyan TR, Hirai N, Sobue N. Effect of intermittent heat treatment on crystallinity in wood cellulose. Journal of Wood Science 2001; 47: 336-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766782

[7] Brito JO, Garcia JN, Bortoletto G Jr, Pessoa AMC, Silva PHM. Densidade básica e retratibilidade da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, submetida a diferentes temperaturas de termorretificação. Cerne 2006; 12(2): 182-188.

[8] Brito JO, Silva FG, Leão MM, Almeida G. Chemical composition changes in eucalyptus and pinus woods submitted to heat treatment. Bioresource Technology 2008; 99: 8545-8548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.069

[9] Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Assi PP. Mensuração do comprimento das fibras para a determinação da madeira juvenil em Eucalyptus citriodora Scientia Forestalis 2005; (68): 113-121.

[10] Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Ballarin AW. Physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood from E. grandis European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2012; 70(4): 453-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0568-5

[11] Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Furtado EL. Decay resistance of thermally-modified Eucalyptus grandis wood at 140°C, 160°C, 180°C, 200°C and 220°C. Bioresource Technology 2010; 101(23): 9391-9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.119

[12] Esteves B, Marques AV, Domingos I, Pereira H. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulos) wood. Wood Science and Technology 2007; 41: 193-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-006-0099-0

[13] Ferreira AL, Severo ETD, Calonego FW. Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones from Hevea brasiliensis trees grown in Brazil. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2011; 69: 659-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0510-2

[14] Metsä-Kortelainen S, Anitikainen T, Viitaniemi P. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pines and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170°C, 190°C, 210°C and 230°C. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products/Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2005; 64: 192-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y

[15] Oliveira JTS. Caracterização da madeira de eucalipto para a construção civil [tese].

[16] Papadopoulos AN. Pyridine-catalyst acetylation of pine wood: influence of mature sapwood vs juvenile wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products/Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2006; 64: 134-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0056-x

[17] Severo ETD, Calonego FW. Processo de modificação térmica, por irradiação de calor, para a melhora da estabilidade dimensional e da durabilidade biológica de madeira sólida BR PI 0902/38-8A2, 2009 junho 24.

[18] Severo ETD, Calonego FW, Sansígolo CA. Physical and chemical changes in juvenile and mature woods of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii by thermal modification. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 2012; 70(5): 741-747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-012-0611-1

[19] Vernois M. Heat treatment of wood in France: state of the art. In: Special Seminar: Environmental Optimisation of Wood Protection; 2001. Antibes: COST ACTION E 22; 2001. p. 39-46

[20] Wikberg H, Maunu SL. Characterization of thermally-modified hard- and softwoods by 13C CPMAS NMR. Carbohydrate Polymers 2004; 58: 461-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.08.008

[21] Zobel BJ, Van Buijtenen JP. Wood variation: its causes and control New York: Springer-Verlag; 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74069-5

Brasil

Brasil

Effect of thermal modification on the physical properties of juvenile and mature woods of Eucalyptus grandis

Efeito da termorretificação nas propriedades físicas dos lenhos juvenil e adulto de Eucalyptus grandis

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History