Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

The present study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD -like behavior in male Wistar rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Method

Male Wistar rats at 25 day of age were submitted to animal model of TLE by pilocarpine injection (350 mg/kg, ip) and a control group received saline 0.9%. The animals were continuously video monitored up to the end of experiments. The behavioural tests (open field, elevated plus maze and operant conditioning box) started from 60 days postnatal.

Results

Animals with TLE exhibited elevated locomotor activity, reduced level of anxiety-related behavior, impulsivity and impaired visuospatial working memory.

Conclusion

Taken as a whole, we concluded that animals with TLE exhibited some cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with ADHD-like behavior.

Epilepsy, temporal lobe; executive function; pilocarpine; memory, short-term

Authorship

Fabiane Ochai Ramos

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;Universidade Presbiteriana MackenzieBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal de São PauloBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.

Luiz Renato Rodrigues Carreiro

Fulvio Alexandre Scorza

Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros

Correspondence: Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros; Rua da Consolação, 930 / Prédio 28; 01302-907 . São Paulo SP, Brasil. E-mail: rcysneiros@yahoo.com

Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interes to declare.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (7)

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Figure 1
Timeline of the procedures. Pilo: picocalpine; BT: behavioural test.

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Figure 2
Peripheral (A), central (B), total locomotion (C) and time spent in central zone (D) on the open field in 3 sessions with 7 days apart were expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR group (n = 11) and EXP group (n = 6). The experimental animals exhibited higher total and central locomotor activities and time spent in the central zone as compared to control, suggesting the presence of hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-related behavior. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

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Figure 3
Total entries (A), percentage of entries in open arms (EOA%, B), percentage of time in open arms (TOA %, C) on the elevated plus maze in 3 sessions with 7 days apart were expressed as mean ± standard error of the CTR group (n = 11) and EXP group (n = 6). The experimental group exhibited higher locomotor activity as compared to control with no differences between groups for the percentage of entries, nor time spent in open arms. In an aversive context, the results showed that animals with epilepsy exhibited hyperactivity. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

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Figure 4
Operant Conditioning Box. The light above the levers stayed lit for 5 s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery immediately after the correct lever being pressed. Percentage of correct answers (A) and total lever presses (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) groups. No significant differences were found between the groups. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

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Figure 5
Operant Conditioning Box. The light above the levers stayed lit for 1 s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery immediately after the correct lever being pressed. Percentage of correct answers (A) and total lever press (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) group. No significant differences were found between the groups. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Operant Conditioning Box.The light above the levers stayed lit for 1s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery 10 s after the correct lever being pressed.Percentage of correct answers (A) and lever presses (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of the CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) groups. The percentage of correct answers stabilized at a lower level and the lever presses stabilized at a higher level in the experimental group compared to the control group. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Operant Conditioning Box. Data of the three protocols were represented in the same graph. Percentage of correct answers (A) and number of lever presses (B). CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 1 Timeline of the procedures. Pilo: picocalpine; BT: behavioural test.

Figure 2 Peripheral (A), central (B), total locomotion (C) and time spent in central zone (D) on the open field in 3 sessions with 7 days apart were expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR group (n = 11) and EXP group (n = 6). The experimental animals exhibited higher total and central locomotor activities and time spent in the central zone as compared to control, suggesting the presence of hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-related behavior. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 3 Total entries (A), percentage of entries in open arms (EOA%, B), percentage of time in open arms (TOA %, C) on the elevated plus maze in 3 sessions with 7 days apart were expressed as mean ± standard error of the CTR group (n = 11) and EXP group (n = 6). The experimental group exhibited higher locomotor activity as compared to control with no differences between groups for the percentage of entries, nor time spent in open arms. In an aversive context, the results showed that animals with epilepsy exhibited hyperactivity. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 4 Operant Conditioning Box. The light above the levers stayed lit for 5 s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery immediately after the correct lever being pressed. Percentage of correct answers (A) and total lever presses (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) groups. No significant differences were found between the groups. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 5 Operant Conditioning Box. The light above the levers stayed lit for 1 s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery immediately after the correct lever being pressed. Percentage of correct answers (A) and total lever press (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) group. No significant differences were found between the groups. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 6 Operant Conditioning Box.The light above the levers stayed lit for 1s, shifted randomly and the reinforcement was delivery 10 s after the correct lever being pressed.Percentage of correct answers (A) and lever presses (B) expressed as mean ± standard error of the CTR (n = 11) and EXP (n = 6) groups. The percentage of correct answers stabilized at a lower level and the lever presses stabilized at a higher level in the experimental group compared to the control group. CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

Figure 7 Operant Conditioning Box. Data of the three protocols were represented in the same graph. Percentage of correct answers (A) and number of lever presses (B). CTR: control; EXP: experimental.

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Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

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Mensagem

[1] Correspondence: Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros; Rua da Consolação, 930 / Prédio 28; 01302-907 . São Paulo SP, Brasil. E-mail: rcysneiros@yahoo.com