Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXI. Efeito da omissão dos macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição química do pimentão (Capsicum annuum, L., var. Avelar)

Fernandes, Pedro Dantas; Haag, Henrique Paulo

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761972000100016

Resumo

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1 - Obter um quadro sintomatológico das carências dos macronutrientes; 2 - Estudar o efeito da omissão e presença dos macronutrientes sobre o crescimento e composição química das diversas partes da planta. Plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L, var. Avelar) foram cultivadas em vasos contendo sílica e irrigadas duas vezes ao dia com solução nutritiva completa e deficiente nas macronutrientes. Surgidos os sintomas de deficiência, as plantas foram colhidas, para obtenção de seu peso seco e para serem analisados os elementos em estudo. Os autores descrevem os sintomas e apresentam dados analíticos referentes a plantas sadias e desnutridas.

Abstract

The present work was carried out in order to study: a) the effect of omission and presence of the macronutrients on the growth of the plants; b) deficiency symptons of the macronutrients; c) the effect of the deficiency of each macronutrient on the chemical composition of the plants. Young sweet pepper plants of variety Avelar, were grown in pots containing pure quartz. Twice a day, they were irrigated by percolation with nutrient solution. The treatments were: complete solution and deficient solutions, in which each one of the macronutrient was omitted (HOAGLAND & ARNON, 1950). When the malnutrition symptons appeared, the plants were harvested and divided into: roots, inferior and superior stalks, inferior and superior leaves, new and old fruits. The dry matter was analysed chemically. Conclusions: 1) symptons of malnutrition are observed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S; 2) the symptons of deficiencies of K and Mg appear on the new leaves; 3) this variety is resistent to blossom-androt; 4) plants grown in N and Ca deficient solutions, show the largest reduction in development, compared to growth of normal plants; 5) the height of the plants is not affected by the omission of sulphur; 6) there's no reduction of the number of leaves on plants deficient in Mg; 7) the nutrient content expressed in porcentages in the ripened leaves of plants cultivated under normal nutrition conditions and under deficient conditions, expressed in Confidence Interval at 5% level, are:

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXI. Efeito da omissão dos macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição química do pimentão (Capsicum annuum, L., var. Avelar)^*

Mineral nutrition of vegetable crops XXI macronutrient deficiencies on sweet pepper plants

Pedro Dantas Fernandes^I; Henrique Paulo Haag^II

^IDepartamento de Fitotecnia - F.M.V.A.J. Bolsista do CNPq

^IIDepartamento de Química - E.S.A.Q. - Piracicaba

RESUMO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos:

1 - Obter um quadro sintomatológico das carências dos macronutrientes;

2 - Estudar o efeito da omissão e presença dos macronutrientes sobre o crescimento e composição química das diversas partes da planta.

Plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L, var. Avelar) foram cultivadas em vasos contendo sílica e irrigadas duas vezes ao dia com solução nutritiva completa e deficiente nas macronutrientes. Surgidos os sintomas de deficiência, as plantas foram colhidas, para obtenção de seu peso seco e para serem analisados os elementos em estudo. Os autores descrevem os sintomas e apresentam dados analíticos referentes a plantas sadias e desnutridas.

SUMMARY

The present work was carried out in order to study:

a) the effect of omission and presence of the macronutrients on the growth of the plants;

b) deficiency symptons of the macronutrients;

c) the effect of the deficiency of each macronutrient on the chemical composition of the plants.

Young sweet pepper plants of variety Avelar, were grown in pots containing pure quartz. Twice a day, they were irrigated by percolation with nutrient solution.

The treatments were: complete solution and deficient solutions, in which each one of the macronutrient was omitted (HOAGLAND & ARNON, 1950).

When the malnutrition symptons appeared, the plants were harvested and divided into: roots, inferior and superior stalks, inferior and superior leaves, new and old fruits. The dry matter was analysed chemically.

Conclusions:

1) symptons of malnutrition are observed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S;

2) the symptons of deficiencies of K and Mg appear on the new leaves;

3) this variety is resistent to blossom-androt;

4) plants grown in N and Ca deficient solutions, show the largest reduction in development, compared to growth of normal plants;

5) the height of the plants is not affected by the omission of sulphur;

6) there's no reduction of the number of leaves on plants deficient in Mg;

7) the nutrient content expressed in porcentages in the ripened leaves of plants cultivated under normal nutrition conditions and under deficient conditions, expressed in Confidence Interval at 5% level, are:

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 29/12/72.

Referências bibliográficas

BEEVERS, L. & R. H. HAGEMAN. 1969 - Nitrate Reduction in Higher Plants. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 20:495-522.
BIDDULPH, O.; R. CURY & S. BIDDULPH. 1956 - The Absorption and Translocation of Sulfur in Red Kidney Beans. Pl. Physiol., U.S.A., 31:28-33.
BINGHAM, F. T. 1966 - Phosphorus. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, ed. por H. D. CHAPMAN, University of California, Div. of Agric. Sciencies. California, U.S.A.
BROYER, T. C. & P. R. STOUT. 1957 - The Macronutrient, Elements. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 10:277-300.
BUKOVAC, M. J. & S. H. WITTWER. 1957 - Absorption and Mobility of Foliar Applied Nutrients. P. Physiol., U.S.A., 32:428-435.
CHAPMAN, H. D. & P. F. PRATT. 1961 - Methods of Analysis for Soils Plants and Waters. Univ. of California. Div. of Agric. Sciencis. U.S.A.
EGUCHI, T.; T. MATSUMURA & M. ASHIZAWA. 1958a - The Effects os Nutrition on Flower Formation in Vegetable Crops. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 72:343-352.
EGUCHI, T.; T. MATSUMURA & M. ASHIZAWA. 1958b - Studies on the Effect of Nutrition on Flower Formation in Vegetable Crops. Bull. Nat. Inst., Sci., Hiratsuka, Ser. E., 7:167-247.
GAUCH, H. 1940 - Responses of the Bean Plant to Calcium Deficiency. Pl. Physiol. U.S.A., 15:1-23.
GAUCH, H. G. 1957 - Factors Affecting Calcium Nutrition of Celery, Tomato and Pepper. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.
GERALDSON, C. M. 1957 - Factos Affecting Calcium Nutrition of Celery, Tomato and Pepper. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.
HAAG, H. P. 1965 - Estudos de Nutrição Mineral da cada-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L.) Variedade CB 41-76, Cultivada em Solução Nutritiva. Tese (mimeografada), E.S.A.L.Q., U.S.P. - Piracicaba. - S.P.
HAAG, H. P. & P. HOMA. 1968 - Nutrição Mineral de Hortaliças. III. Deficiências de Macronutrientes em beringela. Anais da E.S.A.L.Q., XXV: 149-159.
HAMILTON, L. C. & W. L. OGLE. The Influence of Nutrition on Blossom-end Rot of Pimiento Peppers. Prof. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 80:457-461.
HEWITT, E. J. 1951 - The Role of the Mineral Elements in Plant Nutrition. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 2:25-52.
HEWITT, E. J. 1963 - The Essential Nutrient Elements: Requirements and Interactions in Plants. Em Plant Physiology, ed. por P. C. STEWAED, Academic Press, N. York and London.
HOAGLAND, D. R. & D. I. ARNON. 1950 - The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants sithout Soil. Calif. Agricultural Exper. StŞ., California, - Circ. 347.
JONES, W. W. 1966 - Nitrogen. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, ed. for H. D. CHAPMAN. University of California, Div. of Agric. Sciences. California, U.S.A.
LOTT, W. L.; J. P. NERY; J. R. GALLO & J. C. MEDCALF. - 1956 - A Técnica de Análise Foliar ao Cafeeiro. Inst. Agronômico, Bol. 79, Campinas, São Paulo.
MALAVOLTA, E. 1957 - Práticas de Química Orgânica e Biológica. C. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba - São Paulo.
MILLER, C. H. 1961 - Some Effects of Different Levels of Five Nutrient Elements on Bell Peppers. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 77:440-448.
NIGHTINGALE, G. T.; L. G. SCHERMERHORN & W. R. ROBBINS. 1932 - Effects of Sulfur Deficiency on Metabolism in Tomato. Pl. Physiol. U.S.A,. 7:565-595.
PARKER, M. B.; J. E. BAILEY & H. D. MORRIS. 1959 - Fertilizers Boost Bell Pepper. Bett. Crops, 43:6-13.
PIMENTEL GOMES, F. 1970 - Curso de Estatística Experimental. E.S.A.Q. - U.S.P. - Piracicaba, S.P.
SUGAWARA, T. 1965 - Magnesium Deficiency of Cultivated Plants in Amazon Regions. Bull. Coll. Agric. Utsunomiya Univ. 6(2):7-12.
THE PERKIN-ELMER CORP. 1966 - Analytical Methods for Atomic Asorption Spectrophotometry. Perkin-Elmer Corpor. Connecticut, U.S.A.
ULRICH, A. & K. OHKI. 1966 - Potassium. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants Plants and Soils, ed. por H. D. CHAPMAN, University of California, U.S.A.
VILLALOBOS-DOMINGUEZ & VILLALOBOS. 1947 - Atlas de los Colores. Ed. Libreria et Ateneo. Br. As. Argentina.
WOOD, J. G. 1953 - Nitrogen Metabolism of Higher Plants. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 4:1-22.

*

Trabalho realizado com parte dos dados da Dissertação, apresentada pelo primeiro autor para obtenção do Título de Mestre, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1972

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BEEVERS, L. & R. H. HAGEMAN. 1969 - Nitrate Reduction in Higher Plants. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 20:495-522.

[2] BIDDULPH, O.; R. CURY & S. BIDDULPH. 1956 - The Absorption and Translocation of Sulfur in Red Kidney Beans. Pl. Physiol., U.S.A., 31:28-33.

[3] BINGHAM, F. T. 1966 - Phosphorus. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, ed. por H. D. CHAPMAN, University of California, Div. of Agric. Sciencies. California, U.S.A.

[4] BROYER, T. C. & P. R. STOUT. 1957 - The Macronutrient, Elements. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 10:277-300.

[5] BUKOVAC, M. J. & S. H. WITTWER. 1957 - Absorption and Mobility of Foliar Applied Nutrients. P. Physiol., U.S.A., 32:428-435.

[6] CHAPMAN, H. D. & P. F. PRATT. 1961 - Methods of Analysis for Soils Plants and Waters. Univ. of California. Div. of Agric. Sciencis. U.S.A.

[7] EGUCHI, T.; T. MATSUMURA & M. ASHIZAWA. 1958a - The Effects os Nutrition on Flower Formation in Vegetable Crops. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 72:343-352.

[8] EGUCHI, T.; T. MATSUMURA & M. ASHIZAWA. 1958b - Studies on the Effect of Nutrition on Flower Formation in Vegetable Crops. Bull. Nat. Inst., Sci., Hiratsuka, Ser. E., 7:167-247.

[9] GAUCH, H. 1940 - Responses of the Bean Plant to Calcium Deficiency. Pl. Physiol. U.S.A., 15:1-23.

[10] GAUCH, H. G. 1957 - Factors Affecting Calcium Nutrition of Celery, Tomato and Pepper. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.

[11] GERALDSON, C. M. 1957 - Factos Affecting Calcium Nutrition of Celery, Tomato and Pepper. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.

[12] HAAG, H. P. 1965 - Estudos de Nutrição Mineral da cada-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L.) Variedade CB 41-76, Cultivada em Solução Nutritiva. Tese (mimeografada), E.S.A.L.Q., U.S.P. - Piracicaba. - S.P.

[13] HAAG, H. P. & P. HOMA. 1968 - Nutrição Mineral de Hortaliças. III. Deficiências de Macronutrientes em beringela. Anais da E.S.A.L.Q., XXV: 149-159.

[14] HAMILTON, L. C. & W. L. OGLE. The Influence of Nutrition on Blossom-end Rot of Pimiento Peppers. Prof. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 80:457-461.

[15] HEWITT, E. J. 1951 - The Role of the Mineral Elements in Plant Nutrition. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 2:25-52.

[16] HEWITT, E. J. 1963 - The Essential Nutrient Elements: Requirements and Interactions in Plants. Em Plant Physiology, ed. por P. C. STEWAED, Academic Press, N. York and London.

[17] HOAGLAND, D. R. & D. I. ARNON. 1950 - The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants sithout Soil. Calif. Agricultural Exper. StŞ., California, - Circ. 347.

[18] JONES, W. W. 1966 - Nitrogen. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, ed. for H. D. CHAPMAN. University of California, Div. of Agric. Sciences. California, U.S.A.

[19] LOTT, W. L.; J. P. NERY; J. R. GALLO & J. C. MEDCALF. - 1956 - A Técnica de Análise Foliar ao Cafeeiro. Inst. Agronômico, Bol. 79, Campinas, São Paulo.

[20] MALAVOLTA, E. 1957 - Práticas de Química Orgânica e Biológica. C. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba - São Paulo.

[21] MILLER, C. H. 1961 - Some Effects of Different Levels of Five Nutrient Elements on Bell Peppers. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 77:440-448.

[22] NIGHTINGALE, G. T.; L. G. SCHERMERHORN & W. R. ROBBINS. 1932 - Effects of Sulfur Deficiency on Metabolism in Tomato. Pl. Physiol. U.S.A,. 7:565-595.

[23] PARKER, M. B.; J. E. BAILEY & H. D. MORRIS. 1959 - Fertilizers Boost Bell Pepper. Bett. Crops, 43:6-13.

[24] PIMENTEL GOMES, F. 1970 - Curso de Estatística Experimental. E.S.A.Q. - U.S.P. - Piracicaba, S.P.

[25] SUGAWARA, T. 1965 - Magnesium Deficiency of Cultivated Plants in Amazon Regions. Bull. Coll. Agric. Utsunomiya Univ. 6(2):7-12.

[26] THE PERKIN-ELMER CORP. 1966 - Analytical Methods for Atomic Asorption Spectrophotometry. Perkin-Elmer Corpor. Connecticut, U.S.A.

[27] ULRICH, A. & K. OHKI. 1966 - Potassium. Em Diagnostic Criteria for Plants Plants and Soils, ed. por H. D. CHAPMAN, University of California, U.S.A.

[28] VILLALOBOS-DOMINGUEZ & VILLALOBOS. 1947 - Atlas de los Colores. Ed. Libreria et Ateneo. Br. As. Argentina.

[29] WOOD, J. G. 1953 - Nitrogen Metabolism of Higher Plants. A. Rev. Pl. Phys., 4:1-22.