Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: XXI - efeito das deficiências e excessos minerais na atividade da redútase de nitrato foliar e no teor de proteina dos grãos (nota prévia)

Malavolta, E.; Parada, A.; Martins, G.; Gonçalves, J.C.; Centurion, J.F.; Vasconcellos, L.A.B.C.; Almeida, M.; Marchetti, M.E.; Pereira, O.A.; Buzetti, P.; Cabral, C.P.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761982000200019

Resumos

Plantas de arroz das variedades IAC-164 e IAC-165 foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva (nº 2 de Hoagland), completa com deficiência de macronutrientes e de B, Cu e Zn e com excesso de Al e Cl. No fim do ciclo, foi determinada a atividade da redútase de nitrato (RNO3) nas folhas, e após a maturação, foi determinado o teor de proteína bruta dos grãos. Nas duas variedades verificou-se que a atividade enzimática foi diminuída pelas deficiências de N, P, K e pela toxidez de Al e Cl; na IAC-164 a carência de S teve o mesmo efeito depressivo; na IAC-I65, além do efeito mencionado, houve o da falta de Mg. O teor de proteína bruta nos grãos diminuiu com as deficiências de N, P, Se Cu e com a toxidez de Al; aumentou aparentemente nos tratamentos com deficiência de K e Mg. Foi encontrada correlação entre atividade de RNO3 e teor proteico dos grãos quando os dados relativos aos tratamentos -K e -Mg não foram considerados.

Rice plants, varieties IAC-164 and IAC-165 weree grown in number 2 Hoagland's solution, full strength, and with excess of Al and Cl. Nitrate reductase (RNO3) activity was assayed in the leaves one month before harvesting. When the grains were already dry, plants were harvested, the mineral contents of the organs was determined, and crude protein in the grains was also determined (semi micro Kjeldahl). Statistical analyses of the data thus obtained showed that enzymatic activity decreased when the plants were deficient in N, P, and K, as well as when the plants were deficient in N, P, and K, as well as when they had excess Al and Cl. Sulfur deficiency depressed RNO3 activity in variety IAC-164 only. Lack of Mg had the same effect in variety IAC-165. Crude protein in the grains decreased due to lack of N, P, Cu, and S, and to excess both of Al and Cl. In both varieties, however, the deficiencies of K and Mg had apparently the opposite effect. By putting together data from all treatments (except -K and -Mg) a positive correlation between leaf RNO3 activity and grain protein was found to exist.

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz. XXI - efeito das deficiências e excessos minerais na atividade da redútase de nitrato foliar e no teor de proteina dos grãos (nota prévia)^* * Com ajuda da FAPESP, CNEN, CNPq e BNDE.

Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant. XXI. Effects of mineral deficiencies and excesses on the activity of leaf nitrate reductase and grain protein (preliminary note)

E. Malavolta^I; A. Parada^II; G. Martins^II; J.C. Gonçalves^II; J.F. Centurion^II; L.A.B.C. Vasconcellos^II; M. Almeida^II; M.E. Marchetti^II; O.A. Pereira^II; P. Buzetti^II; C.P. Cabral^III

^IDepartamento de Química, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

^IIEstudantes de Pós-graduação

^IIICentro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, USP

RESUMO

Plantas de arroz das variedades IAC-164 e IAC-165 foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva (nº 2 de Hoagland), completa com deficiência de macronutrientes e de B, Cu e Zn e com excesso de Al e Cl. No fim do ciclo, foi determinada a atividade da redútase de nitrato (RNO₃) nas folhas, e após a maturação, foi determinado o teor de proteína bruta dos grãos. Nas duas variedades verificou-se que a atividade enzimática foi diminuída pelas deficiências de N, P, K e pela toxidez de Al e Cl; na IAC-164 a carência de S teve o mesmo efeito depressivo; na IAC-I65, além do efeito mencionado, houve o da falta de Mg. O teor de proteína bruta nos grãos diminuiu com as deficiências de N, P, Se Cu e com a toxidez de Al; aumentou aparentemente nos tratamentos com deficiência de K e Mg. Foi encontrada correlação entre atividade de RNO₃ e teor proteico dos grãos quando os dados relativos aos tratamentos -K e -Mg não foram considerados.

SUMMARY

Rice plants, varieties IAC-164 and IAC-165 weree grown in number 2 Hoagland's solution, full strength, and with excess of Al and Cl. Nitrate reductase (RNO₃) activity was assayed in the leaves one month before harvesting. When the grains were already dry, plants were harvested, the mineral contents of the organs was determined, and crude protein in the grains was also determined (semi micro Kjeldahl). Statistical analyses of the data thus obtained showed that enzymatic activity decreased when the plants were deficient in N, P, and K, as well as when the plants were deficient in N, P, and K, as well as when they had excess Al and Cl. Sulfur deficiency depressed RNO₃ activity in variety IAC-164 only. Lack of Mg had the same effect in variety IAC-165. Crude protein in the grains decreased due to lack of N, P, Cu, and S, and to excess both of Al and Cl. In both varieties, however, the deficiencies of K and Mg had apparently the opposite effect. By putting together data from all treatments (except -K and -Mg) a positive correlation between leaf RNO3 activity and grain protein was found to exist.

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CO-AUTORES

Estudantes de pós-graduação: E.A. Pauletto, J. H. Campelo Jr., J.R. Freitas, L.F. Cavalcanti, M.L. Liva, M.F. Fiore, O. Primavesi, S.M. Fonseca, A.B. Vecchiato, A.C.S. Medeiros, H.J. Kliemann, J.A. Azevedo, M.D. Thomazini, P.J.C. Genú, S.R. Leão.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 23/12/1982.

AJAKAYE, C., 1981. Influence of soil application of nitrogen on nitrate reductase activity, leaf and grain protein in sorghum. Plant and Soil 60(3): 423-434.
AGUIRRE, A.C.P.; CAETANO , A.A.; GARCIA, L.L.C., 1976. Avaliação do estado nutricional de plantas de sorgo granífero através da atividade da redutase do nitrato. Rel. mimeo., Píracicaba.
BAR AKIVA, A., 1965. Nitrate reduction in citrus trees leaves. Plant and Soil 23: 141-144.
BONILLA, I.; CADAHIA; CARPENA, O., 1980. Effects of boron on nitrogen metabolism and sugar level of sugar beet. Plant and Soil 57: 3-9.
BROWN, J.C.; JONES, W.E., 1976. Nitrate reductate activity in caleifungous and calcicolous tomatoes as affected by iron stress. Physiol. Plant 38: 273-277.
CAVALINI, J.A.; CARVAJAL, J.F., 1978. Mineral nutrition and nitrate reductase activity in coffee trees affected by mineral deficiency. Turrialba 28(1): 61-66.
FRIEDRICH, J.W.; SCHRADER, L.E., 1978. Sulfur deprivation and nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. 61: 300-303.
GALLO, L.A., 1980. Atividade da redutase de nitrato sob influência de fatores físicos e químicos em feijão, Diss. de Mestrado, Piracicaba.
HAGEMAN, R.H., 1979. Integration of nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield. Em: Nitrogen assimilation of plants, Edit, por E.J. Hewitt & C.V. Cutting, Academic Press, London.
HEWITT, E.J.; SMITH, T.A., 1974. Plant mineral nutrition, The English Universities Press Ltd., Londres.
HEWITT, E.J.; HUCKLESBY, D.P.; NOTTON, B.A., 1976. Nitrate metabolism. Em: Plant Biochemistry, 3a. ed., Academic Press, Nova lorque.
HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.I., 1960. The water culture method for growing plants without soil, Calif. Agr.. Exp. Sta. Cir. 347.
HOCK, K, 1975. Influence of potassium on grain protein composition. Em: Fertilizer use and protein production, Proc. 11th Coll. of the International Potash Institute, Romme. Bornholm. Publ. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.
MALAVOLTA, E., 1982. Deficiencia de macro e micronutrientes e toxidez de Cl, Mn e Al no arroz, Postila mimeo., Piracicaba.
MENGEL, K., 1977. Energy absorption, energy conversion, nad energy storage of crops in relation to endogenous and exogenous factors. Em: Fertilizer use and Production of carbohydrates and lipids, Proc. 13th Colloquium of the International Potash Institue, N. York. Publ. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.
MORGAN, M.A.; VOLK, R.J.; JACKSON, W.A., 1973. Simultaneous inflex and efflex of nitrate during uptake by perennial ryegrass. Plant Physiol. 51: 267-272.
MURAYAMA, N., 1965. The influence of mineral nutrition on the characteristics of plant organ. Em: The mineral nutrition of the rice plant. The John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
PEREZ, C.M.; CARGANPANG, G.B.; ESMAMA, B.V., 1973. Protein metabolism in leaves of developint grains of rice differeing in grain protein content. Plant Thy. siol. 51: 537-542.
SASAKAWA, H.; YAMAMOTO, Y., 1977. Influence of some internal and external conditions on the interaction of nitrate reduction in rice seedlings. Plant and. Cell Physiol. 18: 207-214.
SRIVASTAVA, H.S., 1980. Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in higher plants. Phy tochemistry 19: 725-633.
YUAN, H.F.; SHI EN, Y.S., 1980. Seasonal variation of nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase and the soluble nitrogenoius compunds during rice growth. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sínica. 1(4): 35-51.

*

Com ajuda da FAPESP, CNEN, CNPq e BNDE.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
09 Abr 2012
Data do Fascículo
1982

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AJAKAYE, C., 1981. Influence of soil application of nitrogen on nitrate reductase activity, leaf and grain protein in sorghum. Plant and Soil 60(3): 423-434.

[2] AGUIRRE, A.C.P.; CAETANO , A.A.; GARCIA, L.L.C., 1976. Avaliação do estado nutricional de plantas de sorgo granífero através da atividade da redutase do nitrato. Rel. mimeo., Píracicaba.

[3] BAR AKIVA, A., 1965. Nitrate reduction in citrus trees leaves. Plant and Soil 23: 141-144.

[4] BONILLA, I.; CADAHIA; CARPENA, O., 1980. Effects of boron on nitrogen metabolism and sugar level of sugar beet. Plant and Soil 57: 3-9.

[5] BROWN, J.C.; JONES, W.E., 1976. Nitrate reductate activity in caleifungous and calcicolous tomatoes as affected by iron stress. Physiol. Plant 38: 273-277.

[6] CAVALINI, J.A.; CARVAJAL, J.F., 1978. Mineral nutrition and nitrate reductase activity in coffee trees affected by mineral deficiency. Turrialba 28(1): 61-66.

[7] FRIEDRICH, J.W.; SCHRADER, L.E., 1978. Sulfur deprivation and nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. 61: 300-303.

[8] GALLO, L.A., 1980. Atividade da redutase de nitrato sob influência de fatores físicos e químicos em feijão, Diss. de Mestrado, Piracicaba.

[9] HAGEMAN, R.H., 1979. Integration of nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield. Em: Nitrogen assimilation of plants, Edit, por E.J. Hewitt & C.V. Cutting, Academic Press, London.

[10] HEWITT, E.J.; SMITH, T.A., 1974. Plant mineral nutrition, The English Universities Press Ltd., Londres.

[11] HEWITT, E.J.; HUCKLESBY, D.P.; NOTTON, B.A., 1976. Nitrate metabolism. Em: Plant Biochemistry, 3a. ed., Academic Press, Nova lorque.

[12] HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.I., 1960. The water culture method for growing plants without soil, Calif. Agr.. Exp. Sta. Cir. 347.

[13] HOCK, K, 1975. Influence of potassium on grain protein composition. Em: Fertilizer use and protein production, Proc. 11th Coll. of the International Potash Institute, Romme. Bornholm. Publ. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.

[14] MALAVOLTA, E., 1982. Deficiencia de macro e micronutrientes e toxidez de Cl, Mn e Al no arroz, Postila mimeo., Piracicaba.

[15] MENGEL, K., 1977. Energy absorption, energy conversion, nad energy storage of crops in relation to endogenous and exogenous factors. Em: Fertilizer use and Production of carbohydrates and lipids, Proc. 13th Colloquium of the International Potash Institue, N. York. Publ. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.

[16] MORGAN, M.A.; VOLK, R.J.; JACKSON, W.A., 1973. Simultaneous inflex and efflex of nitrate during uptake by perennial ryegrass. Plant Physiol. 51: 267-272.

[17] MURAYAMA, N., 1965. The influence of mineral nutrition on the characteristics of plant organ. Em: The mineral nutrition of the rice plant. The John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.

[18] PEREZ, C.M.; CARGANPANG, G.B.; ESMAMA, B.V., 1973. Protein metabolism in leaves of developint grains of rice differeing in grain protein content. Plant Thy. siol. 51: 537-542.

[19] SASAKAWA, H.; YAMAMOTO, Y., 1977. Influence of some internal and external conditions on the interaction of nitrate reduction in rice seedlings. Plant and. Cell Physiol. 18: 207-214.

[20] SRIVASTAVA, H.S., 1980. Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in higher plants. Phy tochemistry 19: 725-633.

[21] YUAN, H.F.; SHI EN, Y.S., 1980. Seasonal variation of nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase and the soluble nitrogenoius compunds during rice growth. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sínica. 1(4): 35-51.

Brasil

Brasil

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: XXI - efeito das deficiências e excessos minerais na atividade da redútase de nitrato foliar e no teor de proteina dos grãos (nota prévia)

Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: XXI. Effects of mineral deficiencies and excesses on the activity of leaf nitrate reductase and grain protein (preliminary note)

Resumos

Datas de Publicação