ABSTRACT
A new species of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786 is described from Bahia, NE Brazil. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. is the first formally characterized species of the genus reported from Northeastern coast of Brazil, distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularium with sagittate foramen, completely immersed ovicell with oval aperture and proximal rectangular lip. A brief discussion of the diversity of Cellaria from the Atlantic Ocean and a tabular identification key to these species are also provided.
KEY WORDS:
Bryozoan; Cellariidae; taxonomy; Western Atlantic
INTRODUCTION
Marine bryozoans are found in all oceans, from the intertidal to abyssal depths. The vast majority of some 5,689 living species (Bock and Gordon 2013Bock PE, Gordon DP (2013) Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831. Zootaxa 3703: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.14
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) belongs to Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852, which shows a wide variety of colonial growth forms, from encrusting laminar to erect colonies (Taylor and James 2013Taylor PD, James NP (2013) Secular changes in colony-forms and bryozoan carbonate sediments through geological history. Sedimentology 60: 1184-1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032...
). Encrusting colonies seem to be more abundant in tropical regions, whereas erect bryozoans are particularly diverse in temperate and polar waters. (Barnes and Whittington 1999Barnes DKA, Whittington M (1999) Biomechanics and mass mortality of erect bryozoans on a coral reef. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 745-747. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498000903
https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531549800090...
, Taylor and James 2013Taylor PD, James NP (2013) Secular changes in colony-forms and bryozoan carbonate sediments through geological history. Sedimentology 60: 1184-1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032...
).
Among the erect bryozoans, Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786 is a speciose genus, comprising more than 50 living species (Hayward and Thorpe 1989Hayward PJ, Thorpe JP (1989) Membraniporoidea, Microporoidea and Cellarioidea (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) collected by Discovery investigations. Journal of Natural History 23: 913-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938900771071
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293890077107...
, Bock and Hayward 2014Bock PE, Hayward PJ (2014) World Register of Marine Species, World List of Bryozoa, Genus Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786. In: Bock PE, Gordon D (Eds) The Bryozoa Home Page. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110869
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). Colonies have articulated skeletal elements (internodes) joined by chitinous joints, with each internode containing multiple zooids (Taylor and James 2013Taylor PD, James NP (2013) Secular changes in colony-forms and bryozoan carbonate sediments through geological history. Sedimentology 60: 1184-1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12032...
). Cellaria species may occur from less than 20 to over 1000 m deep in all oceans. They are common in shallow, coastal waters, attached to hard substrata (McKinney and Jaklin 2000McKinney FK, Jaklin A (2000) Spatial niche partitioning in the Cellaria meadow epibiont association, northern Adriatic Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 41: 1-17., 2001McKinney FK, Jaklin A (2001) Sediment accumulation in a shallow-water meadow carpeted by a small erect bryozoan. Sedimentary Geology 145: 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00156-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00...
, Hayward and McKinney 2002Hayward PJ, McKinney FK (2002) Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 270: 1-139. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2002)270<0001:NABFTV>2.0.CO;2). Most Cellaria are known from the Indo-Pacific regions, Antarctica and Northeast Atlantic, being apparently limited to their expected native distribution (Hayward and Thorpe 1989Hayward PJ, Thorpe JP (1989) Membraniporoidea, Microporoidea and Cellarioidea (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) collected by Discovery investigations. Journal of Natural History 23: 913-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938900771071
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293890077107...
). Only a few species have been documented from the Western Atlantic (Winston and Woollacott 2009Winston JE, Woollacott RM (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 159: 239-300. https://doi.org/10.3099/0027-4100-159.5.239
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, Bock and Hayward 2014Bock PE, Hayward PJ (2014) World Register of Marine Species, World List of Bryozoa, Genus Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786. In: Bock PE, Gordon D (Eds) The Bryozoa Home Page. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110869
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). However, in the past few years, five new species were described from this region - Cellaria brasiliensis Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014, Cellaria riograndensis Ramalho & Calliari, 2015 and Cellaria subtropicalis Vieira, Gordon, Souza & Haddad, 2010 from Brazil; Cellaria novanglia Winston & Hayward, 2012 and Cellaria louisorum Winston & Woollacott, 2009 from United States and Barbados, respectively. This indicates that the diversity of Cellaria from the Atlantic is yet to be described.
Over the past decade, knowledge of the diversity of marine bryozoans in Brazil has grown significantly and more than 100 new species were described (e.g., Vieira et al. 2010Vieira LM, Gordon DP, Souza FBC, Haddad MA (2010) New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Zootaxa 2722: 1-30., 2012Vieira LM, Winston JE, Fehlauer-Ale KH (2012) Nine new species of Bugula Oken (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) in Brazilian shallow waters. PLoS One 7: e40492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040492
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.004...
, 2014Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2014) Ctenostomatous Bryozoa from São Paulo, Brazil, with descriptions of twelve new species. Zootaxa 3889: 485-524. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3889.4.2
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, Winston and Vieira 2013Winston JE, Vieira LM (2013) Systematics of interstitial encrusting bryozoans from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3710: 101-101. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.2....
, Winston et al. 2014Winston JE, Vieira LM, Woollacott RM (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 161: 139-239. https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1
https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1 ...
, Almeida et al. 2015aAlmeida ACS, Souza FBC, Sanner J, Vieira LM (2015a) Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4013: 348-368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3.2
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3....
, Ramalho and Calliari 2015Ramalho LV, Calliari L (2015) Bryozoans from Rio Grande do Sul Continental Shelf, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 3955: 569-587. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.4.8
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). Although Cellaria have been documented in the Brazilian waters since the 1960s (Braga 1967Braga LM (1967) Notas sobre alguns briozoários marinhos brasileiros coletados pelo Navio Oceanográfico Almirante Saldanha. Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha, Notas Técnicas, 2: 1-12., Vieira et al. 2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39.), the first species from Brazil, C. subtropicalis, was only recently formally characterized and described (Vieira et al. 2010Vieira LM, Gordon DP, Souza FBC, Haddad MA (2010) New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Zootaxa 2722: 1-30.). Since then, two other new species were described, C. brasiliensis from Rio de Janeiro (Winston et al. 2014Winston JE, Vieira LM, Woollacott RM (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 161: 139-239. https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1
https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1 ...
), and C. riograndensis, from Rio Grande do Sul (Ramalho and Calliari 2015Ramalho LV, Calliari L (2015) Bryozoans from Rio Grande do Sul Continental Shelf, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 3955: 569-587. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.4.8
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.4....
). These three valid species from the Brazilian coast are from South and Southeastern Brazil, and there is a record of a new species from Bahia (Vieira et al. 2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39., Almeida et al. 2015bAlmeida ACS, Alves O, Peso-Aguiar M, Dominguez J, Souza FBC (2015b) Gymnolaemata bryozoans of Bahia State, Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records 8: e120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000743
https://doi.org/10.1017/S175526721500074...
). This species was named Cellaria bahiensis in a doctoral dissertation but never formally described (Vieira et al. 2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39.). Therefore, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Article 9.7 and Article 11.1 (ICZN 1999International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. London, The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.), the name Cellaria bahiensis Souza is a nomen nudum and cannot be considered valid, as pointed by Vieira et al. (2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39.).
Here we formally describe this new taxon from state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, and provide a diagnosis for it based on specimens from the same locality (i.e. Todos os Santos Bay) as those studied by Souza (Vieira et al. 2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39.).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All type and non-type specimens analyzed in this study are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia of Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil. The specimens were collected by dredge in different localities between 1997 and 2006 along the coast of Bahia, northeast Brazil, from 15 to 50 m (Fig. 1). Some specimens were collected by Laboratório de Malacologia e Ecologia de Bentos (LAMEB) from Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) on different years but at the same locality, and were deposited in a single lot for each locality. Selected specimens were coated with gold-palladium alloy and examined under a scanning electron microscopy (JEOL JSM-6390LV) at Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz (FIOCRUZ/BA), Bahia, Brazil. Measurements were taken from digital SEM images of the holotype using ImageJ® software, including range (minimum and maximum), mean, and standard deviation.
Distribution map of Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. in state of Bahia, northeast Brazil. (BA) Bahia, (CA) Camaçari, (SSA) Salvador, (TSB) Todos os Santos Bay, (BS) Baixo Sul, (AB) Abrolhos Bank.
TAXONOMY
Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852
Suborder Neocheilostomina d’Hondt, 1985
Cellariidae Fleming, 1828
Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786
Cellaria oraneae sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/12CFEE7B-49C3-499A-8DEF-9BE90977492F
Figs 2-7
Cellaria sp. 2: Vieira et al. 2008Vieira LM, Migotto AE, Winston JE (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa 1810: 1-39.: 21. [Brazil: Bahia]
Cellaria sp.: Almeida et al. 2015aAlmeida ACS, Souza FBC, Sanner J, Vieira LM (2015a) Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4013: 348-368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3.2
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: 4. [Brazil: Bahia]
Diagnosis. Cellaria with hexagonal autozooids, opesia semi-elliptical with distal rim tuberculate and slightly convex proximal rim with two rounded condyles; interzooidal avicularia hexagonal, with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area, with sagittate foramen and placed only between non-fertile zooids; fertile zooids rhomboid and ovicell completely immersed with oval aperture and a proximal rectangular lip.
Description. Colony erect, cylindrical, jointed, symmetrically bifurcating and attached at the base by chitinous rhizoids. Branches formed by 6-20 zooidal series, 0.353-0.372 mm in diameter when formed only by infertile autozooids, but larger in regions of fertile zooids, about 0.544-0.574 mm in diameter (Fig. 2). Autozooids hexagonal in outline, about 0.358-0.409 mm (0.395 ± 0.016) long and 0.164-0.231 mm (0.211 ± 0.019) wide, limited by raised lateral walls, comprising a pair of longitudinal ridges extending from lateral walls forming a somewhat lanceolate area (Fig. 3). Frontal wall with a sunken granular cryptocyst. Opesia semi-elliptical, about 0.056-0.068 mm (0.62 ± 0.003) long and 0.072-0.095 mm (0.085 ± 0.006) wide, distal rim tuberculate and arched, proximal rim smooth and slightly convex, two rounded denticles placed near proximal corners (Fig. 4). Interzooidal avicularium sometimes present, about 0.340-0.367 mm (0.354 ± 0.010) long and 0.186-0.210 mm (0.198 ± 0.009) wide, with same cryptocystal calcification and longitudinal ridges as autozooids, forming a spear-shaped area; foramen sagittate, tapered distal edge, convex proximally, forming a broad lip, placed only between infertile zooids (Fig. 5). Fertile zooids wider than autozooids, rhomboid in outline, about 0.316-0.374 mm (0.355 ± 0.016) long and 0.200-0.320 mm (0.285 ± 0.038) wide; opesia semi-elliptical, about 0.050-0.069 mm (0.60 ± 0.004) long and 0.078-0.115 mm (0.103 ± 0.009) wide, same cryptocystal calcification and longitudinal ridges as autozooids (Fig. 6). Ovicells completely immersed, aperture oval with a proximal rectangular lip (Fig. 7).
Cellaria oraneae sp. nov., UFBA 280, holotype, Bahia, Brazil: (2) general aspect of the branches; (3) close-up of subhexagonal autozooids; (4) close-up of opesia showing tuberculate distal rim and proximal condyles; (5) close-up of hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and sagittate foramen; (6) close-up of fertile rhombic zooids; (7) close-up of immersed ovicells showing oval aperture with proximal rectangular lip. Scale bars: 2 = 500 µm; 3, 6 = 200 µm; 4, 5, 7 = 100 µm.
Material examined. Holotype: Brazil, Bahia: Todos os Santos Bay (12°51’62”S, 38°39’78”W, 43 m), 1 specimen, April 1997, Orane Alves leg., UFBA 280. Paratypes: Brazil, Bahia: Todos os Santos Bay (12°49’62”S, 38°37’38”W), 1 specimen, May 1997, Orane Alves leg., UFBA 2263; Salvador (12°58’79”S, 38°33’41”W, 50 m), 1 specimen, UFBA 2262. Additional specimens: Brazil, Bahia: Abrolhos Bank (18°20’80”S, 38°55’97”W, 41 m), 10 specimens, April 1997, Zelinda Leão leg., UFBA 1446; Maraú (Baixo Sul, 14°06’49”S, 38°57’31”W), 5 specimens, August 2004, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2261; Cairú (Baixo Sul, 13°27’01”S, 38°46’34”W, 48 m), 2 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2260; Ituberá (Baixo Sul, 13°44’02”S, 38°48’58”W, 47 m), 6 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2259; Maraú (Baixo Sul, 14°05’00”S, 38°53’55”W, 30 m), 6 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2258; Itacaré (Baixo Sul, 14°11’01”S, 38°58’59”W, 15 m), 8 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2241; Camaçari (12°44’12”S, 38°05’12”W, 23 m), 4 specimens, 2002-2004, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2257; Camaçari (12°50’00”S, 38°10’06”W, 37 m), 6 specimens, 2002-2006, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2256.
Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia); infralittoral, from 15 to 50 m.
Etymology. The species epithet is in honor of Orane Alves (Universidade Federal da Bahia), in recognition of her contribution to the knowledge of Brazil’s marine biodiversity.
Remarks. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and with sagittate foramen, ovicell completely immersed with aperture oval and a proximal rectangular lip. We analyzed 50 internodes of the new species, among which 30 were formed only by autozooids (infertile internodes) and 20 were fertile (with autozooids and ovicelled zooids). Avicularia were found in both fertile and infertile internodes, but no avicularia were found between fertile zooids. Therefore, we believe that interzooidal avicularia of C. oraneae sp. nov. are placed only between autozooids.
Among Cellaria species already recorded from the Atlantic Ocean, C. oraneae sp. nov. resembles C. riograndensis in having cryptocyst mostly granular, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area, with no condyles and completely immersed ovicell. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. riograndensis by having autozooids hexagonal and fertile rhomboid zooids (in C. riograndensis, both autozooids and fertile zooids have the same shape), avicularia placed only between autozooids and with sagittate foramen (avicularia is placed between either autozooids and fertile zooids and with triangular foramen in C. riograndensis), and ovicell aperture with a proximal rectangular lip (without lip in C. riograndensis).
Among other Cellaria distributed worldwide, C. oranae sp. nov. resembles C. tenuirostris (Busk, 1852) in the hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, granular cryptocyst, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and completely immersed ovicell. Cellaria oranae sp. nov. is distinct from C. tenuirostris, however, by having avicularium with sagittate foramen and no condyles (C. tenuirostris have an avicularium with triangular foramen and well-developed condyles), avicularium placed only between autozooids (in C. tenuirostris avicularia are placed between either autozooids and fertile zooids), and ovicell aperture with a proximal rectangular lip (without lip in C. tenuirostris).
DISCUSSION
The morphological characters commonly used to discriminate among Cellaria species include the shape of autozooids and fertile zooids (assigned as hexagonal when formed by six sides or rhomboid when with four sides; Hastings 1947Hastings AB (1947) Notes on Polyzoa (Bryozoa). III. On some species of Cellaria, with remarks on G. Busk’s grouping of the species of this genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11: 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222934608654548
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), opesial condyles, type of avicularia and shape of its foramen, ovicell and its aperture. Species of Cellaria show a wide range of morphologies, which include species with condyles at the distal opesial rim or at both distal and proximal opesial rim; avicularium large, interzooidal (i.e. replacing one autozooid; Hayward and Ryland 1998Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. In: Barnes RSK, Crothers JH (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 1-366.) or small, fistulose-like (i.e. interposed in the longitudinal series of autozooids; Hayward and Ryland 1998Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. In: Barnes RSK, Crothers JH (Eds) Synopses of the British Fauna. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 1-366. and Berning 2013Berning B (2013) New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic. European Journal of Taxonomy 44: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.44
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); and ovicells slightly prominent or completely immersed, with aperture varying from a single entire fenestra or ornamented with a proximal lip. The foramen of the avicularia, either interzooidal or fistulose, shows several morphologies, including bell-shaped (i.e. forming an inverted U-shaped curve; López de La Cuadra and García-Gómez 1996López de la Cuadra C, García-Gómez JC (1996) The species of Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) with large avicularia from West Africa. Journal of Natural History 30: 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770101
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); triangular (i.e. three sides with pointed tips); subtriangular (i.e. three sides with rounded edges); semicircular (i.e. as long as wide); semielliptical (i.e. longer than wide); subcordate (i.e. somewhat heart-shaped; López de La Cuadra and García-Gómez 1996López de la Cuadra C, García-Gómez JC (1996) The species of Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) with large avicularia from West Africa. Journal of Natural History 30: 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770101
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293960077010...
); mushroom-shaped (i.e. resembling the profile of a mushroom; Winston and Hayward 2012Winston JE, Hayward PJ (2012) The Marine Bryozoans of the Northeast Coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir 11: 1-180.) and sagittate (i.e. shaped like an arrowhead, Table 1). As known in other bryozoan genera (e.g., Vieira et al. 2013Vieira LM, Spencer jones ME, Winston JE (2013) Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution. Zootaxa 3707: 1-63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3707.1.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3707.1....
, Almeida et al. 2014Almeida ACS, Souza FBC, Menegola CMS, Sanner J, Vieira LM (2014) Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868: 001-061. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1....
), the analysis and characterization the morphology of the ovicell/ooecia are needed to make a taxonomic assignment. In the absence of fertile colonies, it is difficult to assign specimens to any known species using only autozooidal characteristics.
Tabular identification key to Atlantic species of Cellaria: present (+) and absent (-), avicularia interzooidal (I), avicularia fistulose (F), unknown states (?).
At least 58 species of Cellaria are recognized worldwide (Bock and Hayward 2014Bock PE, Hayward PJ (2014) World Register of Marine Species, World List of Bryozoa, Genus Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786. In: Bock PE, Gordon D (Eds) The Bryozoa Home Page. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110869
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). So far, 23 species have been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean and, among these, 12 from the Western Atlantic. Cellaria oraneae n. sp. is the fourth species of the genus described from Brazil, representing the only species from the Northeast. Since there are few studies on the continental shelf and slope of the Brazilian Northeast, where the genus seems to be common, it is likely that the diversity of Cellaria from Brazil has been underestimated. This seems to be the case with other Brazilian bryozoan taxa (e.g., Vieira et al. 2010Vieira LM, Gordon DP, Souza FBC, Haddad MA (2010) New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Zootaxa 2722: 1-30., Almeida and Souza 2014Almeida ACS, Souza FBC (2014) Two new species of cheilostome bryozoans from the South Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 3753: 283-290. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3.7
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3....
, Winston et al. 2014Winston JE, Vieira LM, Woollacott RM (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 161: 139-239. https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1
https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ14.1 ...
, Almeida et al. 2014Almeida ACS, Souza FBC, Menegola CMS, Sanner J, Vieira LM (2014) Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868: 001-061. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1....
, 2015aAlmeida ACS, Souza FBC, Sanner J, Vieira LM (2015a) Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4013: 348-368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3.2
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4013.3....
). The real diversity of the genus around the world is also difficult to estimate, since many records have been attributed to the widely-known C. tenuirostris, restricted to the Indo-Pacific Oceans (Hastings 1947Hastings AB (1947) Notes on Polyzoa (Bryozoa). III. On some species of Cellaria, with remarks on G. Busk’s grouping of the species of this genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11: 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222934608654548
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293460865454...
, Winston 2005Winston JE (2005) Redescription and revision of Smitt’s “Floridan Bryozoa” in the Collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir 7: 1-150.). Additionally, some species assigned to Cellaria are only known from their original descriptions (e.g., Cellaria ornata d’Orbigny, 1842, Cellaria triangulata Canu & Bassler, 1925). Without more recent morphological characterization or comparison with related taxa, the validity of some of these may be questionable. Comprehensive studies using SEM are still lacking, preventing the elucidation of the identity of some species as Cellaria clavata (Busk, 1884), Cellaria salicornia (Pallas, 1766) and Cellaria normani (Hastings, 1947) (Hastings 1947Hastings AB (1947) Notes on Polyzoa (Bryozoa). III. On some species of Cellaria, with remarks on G. Busk’s grouping of the species of this genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11: 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222934608654548
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293460865454...
, Hayward and Thorpe 1989Hayward PJ, Thorpe JP (1989) Membraniporoidea, Microporoidea and Cellarioidea (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) collected by Discovery investigations. Journal of Natural History 23: 913-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938900771071
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293890077107...
, López de La Cuadra and García-Gómez 1996López de la Cuadra C, García-Gómez JC (1996) The species of Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) with large avicularia from West Africa. Journal of Natural History 30: 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770101
https://doi.org/10.1080/0022293960077010...
). As pointed out by Cook (1967Cook PL (1967) Polyzoa (Bryozoa) from West Africa. The Pseudostega, the Cribrimorpha and some Ascophora Imperfecta. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 15: 321-351.), a review of these taxa is recommended.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study is part of A.C.S. Almeida’s PhD thesis supported by PROTAX-CNPq (440620/2015-5) through the Graduate Program in Animal Biology (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal) of the Departamento de Zoologia, UFPE. We are grateful to Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz (FIOCRUZ/BA) for SEM images, Orane Alves (Laboratório de Geoecologia de Sedimentos Marinhos, UFBA), Marlene Peso-Aguiar (Laboratório de Malacologia e Ecologia de Bentos, UFBA) and Ulisses Pinheiro (Laboratório de Porifera, UFPE) for logistical support.
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Publication Notes
-
Zoobank Register:
http://zoobank.org/5EEDF047-806D-4454-AAE5-14A72C78B858 -
Available online (first publication):
9 March 2018 -
Publisher:
© 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia. Published by Pensoft Publishers at https://zoologia.pensoft.net
Edited by
Editorial responsibility:
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
26 Apr 2018 -
Date of issue
2018
History
-
Received
24 Oct 2016 -
Reviewed
27 May 2017 -
Accepted
16 June 2017 -
Published
09 Mar 2018