Zircon ages delimit the provenance of a sand extrudite from the Botucatu Formation in the Paraná volcanic province, Iraí, Brazil

Ion microprobe age determinations of 102 detrital zircon crystals from a sand extrudite, Cretaceous Paraná volcanic province, set limits on the origin of the numerous sand layers present in this major flood basalt province. The zircon U-Pb ages reflect four main orogenic cycles: Mesoproterozoic (1155-962 Ma), latest Proterozoic-early Cambrian (808-500 Ma) and two Palaeozoic (Ordovician- 480 to 450 Ma, and Permian to Lower Triassic- 296 to 250 Ma). Two additional small concentrations are present in the Neoarchean (2.8 to 2.6 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic (2.0 to 1.7 Ga). Zircon age peaks closely match the several pulses of igneous activity in the Precambrian Brazilian Shield and active orogeny in Argentina. A main delimitation of the origin of the sand is the absence of zircon ages from the underlying Cretaceous basalts, thus supporting an injectite origin of the sand as an extrudite that emanated from the paleoerg that constitutes the Botucatu Formation.

Botucatu Formation; Brazil; Neoarchean to Palaeozoic ages; provenance; sand extrudite; Zircon U-Pb ages

Authorship

VITER M. PINTO

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Praça Domingos Rodrigues, 02, 96010-040 Pelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de PelotasBrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Praça Domingos Rodrigues, 02, 96010-040 Pelotas, RS, Brasil

Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrasilPorto Alegre, RS, BrasilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

LÉO A. HARTMANN

JOÃO O.S. SANTOS

Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, CrawleyWA 6009, AustraliaThe University of Western AustraliaAustraliaCrawley, WA, AustraliaCentre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, CrawleyWA 6009, Australia

NEAL J. MCNAUGHTON

John de Laeter Centre of Mass Spectrometry, Curtin University of Technology, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin University of TechnologyAustraliaBentley, WA, AustraliaJohn de Laeter Centre of Mass Spectrometry, Curtin University of Technology, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

Correspondence to: Léo Afraneo Hartmann E-mail: leo.hartmann@ufrgs.br

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Figures

Figures (4)

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Figure 1 -
Location map: a) map of South America and Brazil highlighting the Paraná Basin; b) study region indicating the sampling section; c) location of the collected sandstone in the stratigraphic section; (d) outcrop indicating site of collected sample; flows type 1 and type 2 from Pinto et al. (2011) PINTO VM, HARTMANN LA, SANTOS JOS, MCNAUGHTON NJ and WILDNER W. 2011. Zircon U-Pb geochronology from the Paraná bimodal volcanic province support a brief eruptive cycle at ~135 Ma. Chem Geol 281: 93-102.

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Figure 2 -
Geological map of part of South America based on Ramos (2000) RAMOS VA. 2000. The southern Central Andes, In: Cordani UG, Milani EJ, Thomaz Filho A and Campos A (Eds), Tectonic Evolution of South America, 31st Int. Geol. Cong., Rio de Janeiro, p. 561-604., Silva et al. (2005) SILVA LC, MCNAUGHTON NJ, ARMSTRONG R, HARTMANN LA and FLETCHER IR. 2005. The neoproterozoic Mantiqueira Province and its African connections a zircon-based U-Pb geochronologic subdivision for the Brasiliano/Pan-African systems of orogens. Precam Res 136: 203-240., Hartmann et al. (2008) HARTMANN LA, SANTOS JOS and MCNAUGHTON NJ. 2008. Detrital zircon U-Pb age data, and Precambrian provenance of the Paleozoic Guaritas Formation, southern Brazilian Shield. Intern Geol Rev 50: 364-374., Santos et al. (2002) SANTOS JOS, HARTMANN LA, MCNAUGHTON NJ, EASTON RM, REA RG and POTTER PE. 2002. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) detrital zircon geochronology provides new evidence for a hidden Neoproterozoic foreland basin to the Grenville Orogen in the eastern Midwest, U.S.A. Can J Ea Sci 39: 1505-1515.. The map includes wind patterns (Moore et al. 1992) MOORE GT, HAYASHIDA DN, ROSS CA and JACOBSON SR. 1992. Palaeoclimate of the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian (Late Jurassic) world I Results using a general circulation model. Pelaeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 93: 113-150. and crossbedding dip vector (Scherer and Goldberg 2007SCHERER CMS and GOLDBERG K. 2007. Paleowind patterns during the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in Gondwana: Evidence from aeolian cross-strata of the Botucatu Formation, Brazil . Palaeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 250: 89-100.).

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Figure 3 -
Frequency histograms and probability curves of zircon U-Pb ages, sample VIS1/2 (sandstone). Main age peaks are indicated. a) All ages, from Neoarchean to Lower Triassic; b) Neoproterozoic and Cambrian ages (Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle sources); c) Post- Cambrian ages dominated by Ordovician (Famatinian sources from the SW) and Permian (Choiyoy sources from SW) ages.

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Figure 4 -
Backscattered electron images of analyzed zircons, sandstone sample VIS-1/2. Circles indicate position of SHRIMP analyses; U-Pb ages in Ma.

Figure 1 - Location map: a) map of South America and Brazil highlighting the Paraná Basin; b) study region indicating the sampling section; c) location of the collected sandstone in the stratigraphic section; (d) outcrop indicating site of collected sample; flows type 1 and type 2 from Pinto et al. (2011) PINTO VM, HARTMANN LA, SANTOS JOS, MCNAUGHTON NJ and WILDNER W. 2011. Zircon U-Pb geochronology from the Paraná bimodal volcanic province support a brief eruptive cycle at ~135 Ma. Chem Geol 281: 93-102.

Figure 2 - Geological map of part of South America based on Ramos (2000) RAMOS VA. 2000. The southern Central Andes, In: Cordani UG, Milani EJ, Thomaz Filho A and Campos A (Eds), Tectonic Evolution of South America, 31st Int. Geol. Cong., Rio de Janeiro, p. 561-604., Silva et al. (2005) SILVA LC, MCNAUGHTON NJ, ARMSTRONG R, HARTMANN LA and FLETCHER IR. 2005. The neoproterozoic Mantiqueira Province and its African connections a zircon-based U-Pb geochronologic subdivision for the Brasiliano/Pan-African systems of orogens. Precam Res 136: 203-240., Hartmann et al. (2008) HARTMANN LA, SANTOS JOS and MCNAUGHTON NJ. 2008. Detrital zircon U-Pb age data, and Precambrian provenance of the Paleozoic Guaritas Formation, southern Brazilian Shield. Intern Geol Rev 50: 364-374., Santos et al. (2002) SANTOS JOS, HARTMANN LA, MCNAUGHTON NJ, EASTON RM, REA RG and POTTER PE. 2002. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) detrital zircon geochronology provides new evidence for a hidden Neoproterozoic foreland basin to the Grenville Orogen in the eastern Midwest, U.S.A. Can J Ea Sci 39: 1505-1515.. The map includes wind patterns (Moore et al. 1992) MOORE GT, HAYASHIDA DN, ROSS CA and JACOBSON SR. 1992. Palaeoclimate of the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian (Late Jurassic) world I Results using a general circulation model. Pelaeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 93: 113-150. and crossbedding dip vector (Scherer and Goldberg 2007SCHERER CMS and GOLDBERG K. 2007. Paleowind patterns during the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in Gondwana: Evidence from aeolian cross-strata of the Botucatu Formation, Brazil . Palaeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 250: 89-100.).

Figure 3 - Frequency histograms and probability curves of zircon U-Pb ages, sample VIS1/2 (sandstone). Main age peaks are indicated. a) All ages, from Neoarchean to Lower Triassic; b) Neoproterozoic and Cambrian ages (Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle sources); c) Post- Cambrian ages dominated by Ordovician (Famatinian sources from the SW) and Permian (Choiyoy sources from SW) ages.

Figure 4 - Backscattered electron images of analyzed zircons, sandstone sample VIS-1/2. Circles indicate position of SHRIMP analyses; U-Pb ages in Ma.

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Zircon ages delimit the provenance of a sand extrudite from the Botucatu Formation in the Paraná volcanic province, Iraí, Brazil

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[1] Correspondence to: Léo Afraneo Hartmann E-mail: leo.hartmann@ufrgs.br