Paleoenvironmental Evolution of Continental Carbonates in West-Central Brazil

OLIVEIRA, EMILIANO C.; ROSSETTI, DILCE F.; UTIDA, GISELLE

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160584

EMILIANO C. OLIVEIRA

Departmento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Doutor Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil

DILCE F. ROSSETTI

Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Espacial, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

GISELLE UTIDA

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica e Geotectônica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 522, 05508-080 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Correspondence to: Emiliano Castro de Oliveira E-mail: emiliano.oliveira@unifesp.br

Figures (5)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Simplified geological map of Paraguay's Mobile Belt indicating location of studied areas: a: Serra das Araras; b: Corumbá/Ladário plateau and Pantanal do Miranda; c: Serra da Bodoquena (modified from Lacerda Filho et al. 2004a, b, Valente et al. 2004VALENTE CR ET AL. 2004. Folha SD.21-Cuiabá. In: Schobbenhaus C, Gonçalves JH, Santos JOS, Abram MB, Leão Neto R, Matos GMM, Vidotti RM, Ramos MAB and Jesus JDA (Eds), Carta Geológica do Brasil ao Milionésimo, Sistema de Informações Geográfica. CPRM, Brasília . http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/16572 Acesso em: 2 de junho de 2016.
http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/do... ).

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Figure 2
Composite stratigraphic sections of the studied areas, with facies association representative of the different environments present in the studied area, without stratigraphic correlation.

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Figure 3
Plate showing photographs and microscopic photographs (optical microscope) of lower facies. a: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of wackestone with fossils (calcrete), clasts are quartz (qz), lithics (lt) and fossils of ostracods (fs) (Corumbá, MS). b: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of wackestone with fossils (calcrete), root cavity (Corumbá/Ladário plateau). c: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of wackestone (calcrete), clasts are quartz (qz) and lithics (lt) (Serra das Araras). d: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of asymmetric coated grains with Fe cementation (Serra das Araras). e: Photograph of internal structures of an asymmetric oncolite with highlighted start up grain (g) (Serra da Bodoquena). f: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of asymmetric oncolite showing planar depositional structures (Serra da Bodoquena). g: Photograph of fossiliferous wackestone with gastropods fossils highlighted (arrows) (Serra da Bodoquena). h: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of low crystallized fossiliferous wackestone (Serra da Bodoquena).

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Figure 4
Plate showing photographs and microscopic photographs (optical microscope) of upper facies. a: Photograph of quartz wackestone with gastropods fossils (arrows) (Pantanal do Miranda). b: Microscopic photograph of quartz wackestone with fossils (calcrete) with preserved root cavity (Pantanal do Miranda). c: Photograph of laminated boundstone (tufa, with well-marked stromatolitic lamination (Serra da Bodoquena). d: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of laminated boundstone (tufa) showing cementation and recrystallization (Serra da Bodoquena). e: Photograph of massive boundstone (tufa) showing macrophytes fossils (Serra da Bodoquena). f: Microscopic photograph (polarized) of massive boundstone (tufa) with biological porosity (macrophytes and microphytes) (Serra da Bodoquena).

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Figure 5
Isotopic composition (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) of different facies associations and combined plot of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O data from other continental carbonates. Data sources: Andrews et al. 1997ANDREWS JE, RIDING R and DENNIS PF. 1997. The stable isotope record of environmental and climatic signals in modern terrestrial microbial carbonates from Europe. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 129: 171-189., 2000, Arenas et al. 2004ARENAS C and ALONSO-ZARZA AM . 2004. Cenozoic calcretes from the Teruel Graben, Spain: microstructure, stable isotope geochemistry and environmental significance. Sediment Geol 167: 91-108. , Boggiani et al. 1999BOGGIANI PC , COIMBRA AM, GESICKI AL, SIAL AN, FERREIRA VP, RIBEIRO FB and FLEXOR JM. 1999. Tufas Calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena. Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio034.htm Acesso em: 11 de março de 2016.
http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio0... , Buccino et al. 1978BUCCINO G, D'ARGENIO B, FERRERI V, BRANCACCIO I, FERRERI M, PANICHI C and STANZIONE D. 1978. I Travertini della bassa valle del Tanagro (Campania). Studio Geomorphologico, Sedimentologico e Geochimico. Boll della Soc Geol Ital 97: 617-646., Chafetz and Lawrence 1994CHAFETZ HS and LAWRENCE JR. 1994. Stable Isotopic Variability within Modern Travertines. Géographie Phys Quat 48: 257-273., Fritz 1965FRITZ P. 1965. Composizione isotopica dell'ossigeno e del carbonio nei travertini della Toscana. Boll di Geofis Teor ed Appl 7: 25-30., Horvatinčić et al. 2003HORVATINČIĆ N, OBELIC B and BRONIC IK. 2003. Differences in the 14C age, δ13C and δ18O of Holocene tufa and speleothem in the Dinaric Karst. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 193: 139-157., Sinha et al. 2006SINHA R, TANDON SK, SANYAL P, GIBLING MR, STUBEN D, BERNER Z and GHAZANFARI P. 2006. Calcretes from a Late Quaternary interfluve in the Ganga Plains, India: Carbonate types and isotopic systems in a monsoonal setting. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 242: 214-239..

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TABLE I
Compiled ages of Quaternary continental carbonates of Serra da Bodoquena, Corumbá plateau, Serra das Araras and Pantanal do Miranda. Symbols: Rock Type: Tf = Tufa; Wc = Wackestone; Cl = Conglomerate; Area: SB = Serra da Bodoquena; Pantanal do Miranda = PM; SA = Serra das Araras; CO = Corumbá/Ladário Plateau.

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TABLE II
δ¹³ C and δ¹⁸ O compositions for different facies associations of Quaternary continental carbonates of Serra da Bodoquena, Corumbá plateau, Serra das Araras and Pantanal do Miranda.

Ages (kyr BP)	Rock type	Area	Method	Author	Ages (kyr BP)	Rock type	Area	Method	Author
0.65±0.04	Tf	SB	¹⁴C	Sallun Filho et al. 2009SALLUN FILHO W, KARMANN I, SALLUN AEM and SUGUIO K. 2009b. Quaternary tufa in the Serra da Bodoquena Karst, West-Central Brazil: Evidence of wet period. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 6: 072055. b	102±10	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
0.80±0.1	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	111±5	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
2.13±0.06	Tf	SB	¹⁴C	Boggiani et al. 1999BOGGIANI PC , COIMBRA AM, GESICKI AL, SIAL AN, FERREIRA VP, RIBEIRO FB and FLEXOR JM. 1999. Tufas Calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena. Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio034.htm Acesso em: 11 de março de 2016. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio0...	118.6±10	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.
2.15±0.5	Wc	SB	¹⁴C	Turcq et al. 1987TURCQ B, SUGUIO K, SOUBIÉS F, SERVANT M and PRESSINOTTI MN. 1987. Alguns terraços fluviais do Sudoeste e do Centro-Oeste brasileiro por radio-carbono: possíveis significados paleoclimáticos. In: I Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário. Porto Alegre (RS), p. 379-392.	223±8	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
2.42±0.7	Tf	SB	¹⁴C	Boggiani et al. 1999BOGGIANI PC , COIMBRA AM, GESICKI AL, SIAL AN, FERREIRA VP, RIBEIRO FB and FLEXOR JM. 1999. Tufas Calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena. Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio034.htm Acesso em: 11 de março de 2016. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio0...	223±8	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
2.63±0.06	Wc	SB	¹⁴C	Sallun Filho et al. 2009SALLUN FILHO W, KARMANN I, SALLUN AEM and SUGUIO K. 2009b. Quaternary tufa in the Serra da Bodoquena Karst, West-Central Brazil: Evidence of wet period. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 6: 072055. b	227±7	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
3.41±0.07	Tf	SB	¹⁴C	Boggiani et al. 1999BOGGIANI PC , COIMBRA AM, GESICKI AL, SIAL AN, FERREIRA VP, RIBEIRO FB and FLEXOR JM. 1999. Tufas Calcárias da Serra da Bodoquena. Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio034.htm Acesso em: 11 de março de 2016. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio034/sitio0...	228±7	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
3.91±0.11	Wc	PM	¹⁴C	Boggiani et al. 1998BOGGIANI PC , COIMBRA AM, RIBEIRO FB, FLEXOR JM, SIAL AN and FERREIRA VP. 1998. Significado paleoclimático das lentes calcárias do Pantanal do Miranda - Mato Grosso do Sul. In: Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia . Sociedade Brasileira da Geologia, Belo Horizonte, p. 88.	285±10	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
4.20±0.04	Wc	SB	¹⁴C	Sallun Filho et al. 2009SALLUN FILHO W, KARMANN I, SALLUN AEM and SUGUIO K. 2009b. Quaternary tufa in the Serra da Bodoquena Karst, West-Central Brazil: Evidence of wet period. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 6: 072055. b	288±10	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
4.20±0.7	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	302±57	Cl	CO	U/Th	This study
5.20±0.24	Wc	SB	¹⁴C	Turcq et al. 1987TURCQ B, SUGUIO K, SOUBIÉS F, SERVANT M and PRESSINOTTI MN. 1987. Alguns terraços fluviais do Sudoeste e do Centro-Oeste brasileiro por radio-carbono: possíveis significados paleoclimáticos. In: I Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário. Porto Alegre (RS), p. 379-392.	312±19	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
5.50±0.4	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	440±60	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
5.65±0.05	Wc	SB	¹⁴C	Sallun Filho et al. 2009SALLUN FILHO W, KARMANN I, SALLUN AEM and SUGUIO K. 2009b. Quaternary tufa in the Serra da Bodoquena Karst, West-Central Brazil: Evidence of wet period. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 6: 072055. b	470±30	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
51.9±4.8	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	490±30	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
55.8±13.7	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	520±40	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
75.0±14.0	Tf	SB	OSL	Ribeiro et al. 2015RIBEIRO LMAL, SAWAKUCHI AO, WANG H, SALLUN FILHO W and NOGUEIRA L. 2015. OSL dating of Brazilian fluvial carbonates (tufas) using detrital quartz grains. Quat Int 362: 146-156.	525±50	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
75.2±0.9	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.	> 600	Cl	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.
75.2±1.2	Tf	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.	> 600	Cl	SA	U/Th	Corrêa et al. 2011CORRÊA D, AULER AS , WANG X, EDWARDS RL and CHENG H. 2011. Geomorphology and genesis of the remarkable Araras Ridge tufa deposit, Western Brazil. Geomorphology 134: 94-101.

Facies Assoc.	δ¹³C (‰PDB)	δ¹⁸O (‰PDB)	Facies Assoc.	δ¹³C (‰PDB)	δ¹⁸O (‰PDB)	Facies Assoc.	δ¹³C (‰PDB)	δ¹⁸O (‰PDB)
A	-7.13	-6.97	B	-6.67	-6.64	C	-2.80	-8.87
A	-6.89	-6.48	B	-7.08	-5.33	C	-2.66	-8.40
A	-6.70	-7.72	B	-7.05	-4.21	C	-4.88	-7.09
A	-7.70	-7.15	B	-5.93	-6.84	C	-4.71	-6.65
A	-7.31	-7.64	B	-7.03	-5.43	C	-5.10	-7.23
A	-7.31	-6.36	C	-3.98	-8.11	C	-4.89	-6.62
A	-7.03	-8.33	C	-3.11	-7.81	C	-4.98	-7.16
A	-7.23	-8.10	C	-1.38	-8.60	C	-5.17	-6.95
A	-7.12	-4.78	C	-2.28	-8.06	C	-5.08	-7.43
A	-7.50	-9.70	C	-5.25	-8.43	C	-4.95	-7.27
A	-5.96	-7.96	C	-3.50	-7.38	B	-7.01	-7.00
A	-6.03	-6.34	C	-3.25	-7.30	B	-7.38	-7.64
A	-6.87	-7.59	C	-4.22	-7.48	B	-7.77	-7.65
A	-4.51	-6.35	C	-5.71	-6.75	B	-7.47	-7.79
A	-5.97	-8.32	C	-6.09	-7.82	B	-6.54	-7.29
A	-4.68	-7.49	C	-5.51	-7.08	B	-6.98	-6.86
A	-6.87	-4.65	C	-6.00	-6.98	B	-7.06	-7.15
A	-7.02	-6.18	C	-9.26	-7.88	B	-7.05	-7.01
A	-6.68	-5.98	C	-3.19	-8.60	B	-7.12	-6.97
B	-6.04	-7.13	C	-3.12	-8.46	B	-6.88	-7.57
B	-6.41	-7.37	C	-2.67	-8.46	B	-5.38	-7.87
B	-5.25	-7.84	C	-2.51	-8.78	B	-3.54	-8.53
B	-6.37	-8.01	C	-2.34	-9.44	B	-3.23	-8.42
B	-7.03	-7.45	C	-2.31	-8.95	B	-7.38	-7.64

[1] Correspondence to: Emiliano Castro de Oliveira E-mail: emiliano.oliveira@unifesp.br

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Paleoenvironmental Evolution of Continental Carbonates in West-Central Brazil

ABSTRACT