Figure 2-27
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 2-6, on Acanthaceae, 2-3, Justicia sp., 2, fusiform stem gall, 3, conical leaf gall, 4-5, Mendoncia hoffmannseggiana, 4, globoid leaf and stem gall, 5, globoid stem gall, 6, Ruellia sp., globoid stem gall, 7-9, on Anacardiaceae, 7, Spondias sp., marginal leaf roll, 8-9, Tapirira guianensis, 8, stem globoid gall, 9, marginal leaf roll, 10-12, on Annonaceae, 10-11, Duguetia sp., 10, fusiform leaf gall, 11, globoid leaf gall, 12, Guatteria latifolia, globoid leaf gall, 13-21, on Apocynaceae, 13, Ditassa crassifolia, fusiform stem gall, 14-15, Fischeria sp.1, 14, fusiform leaf petiole and vein gall, 15, globoid leaf gall, 16, Fischeria sp.2, globoid stem gall, 17, Prestonia bahiensis, fusiform stem and leaf petiole gall, 18-21, Schubertia sp., 18, globoid bud gall, 19, fusiform stem gall, 20, globoid leaf vein gall, 21, fusiform leaf petiole and vein gall, 22-23, on Aquifoliaceae, 22, Ilex taubertiana, marginal leaf roll, 23, Ilex sp., fusiform bud gall, 24-26, on Araceae, 24, Philodendron cordatum, fusiform leaf vein gall, 25, P. rudgeanum, marginal leaf roll, 26, Philodendron sp., fusiform bud gall, 27, on Asteraceae, Ageratum conyzoides, globoid bud gall.
Figure 28-56
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), on Asteraceae, 28, Baccharis altimontana, fusiform leaf vein gall, 29, B. grandimucronata, globoid leaf gall, 30, B. reticularia, ovoid bud and stem gall, 31-35, Baccharis sp., 31, globoid leaf gall, 32, rosette bud gall, 33, marginal leaf gall, 34, globoid midvein gall, 35, fusiform stem and leaf petiole gall, 36, Barrosoa organensis, fusiform stem gall, 37, Bidens segetum, fusiform stem gall, 38, Bidens sp., globoid bud gall, 39, Calea pinnatifolia, globoid bud gall, 40, Chiomolaena lychnophorioides, globoid stem gall, 41-42, Chromoalena laevigata, 41, fusiform leaf vein gall, 42, fusiform stem gall, 43-44, C. odorata, 43, globoid stem gall, 44, fusiform stem gall, 45, Critonia cf. morifolia, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 46, Dasyphyllum spinescens, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 47-48, Dendrophorbium fruticosum, 47, fusiform stem gall, 48, globoid leaf gall, 49-52, Eupatorium sp.1, 49, fusiform stem gall, 50, globoid stem gall, 51, globoid midvein gall, 52, fusiform leaf petiole and midvein gall, 53, Eupatorium sp.2, discoid leaf gall, 54-56, Eupatorium sp.3, 54, cylindrical bud gall, 55, fusiform leaf vein gall, 56, fusiform stem gall.
Figure 57-80
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), on Asteraceae, 57, Eupatorium sp.3, fusiform stem gall, 58, Eupatorium sp.4, globoid leaf gall, 59, Eupatorium sp.5, fusiform stem gall, 60, Graphistylis itatiaiae, apical bud gall, 61-62, Grazielia gaudichaudeana, 61, globoid leaf gall, 62, rosette bud gall, 63-64, Mikania buddleiaefolia, 63, globoid leaf gall, 64, globoid leaf petiole gall, 65-72, M. glomerata, 65, conical stem gall, 66, fusiform leaf vein gall, 67, fusiform stem gall, 68, conical leaf blade and petiole gall, 69, globoid leaf blade and petiole gall, 70, cylindrical gall, 71, globoid bud gall, 72, cylindrical stem gall, 73-74, M. hirsutissima, 73, fusiform stem and leaf petiole gall, 74, globoid leaf blade, petiole and stem gall, 75, M. lasiandra, globoid leaf and stem gall, 76, M. lindbergii, conical leaf gall, 77-78, M. micrantha, 77, globoid leaf, 78, fusiform leaf petiole, 79, M. periplocifolia, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 80, M. pseudohoffmanniana, fusiform stem gall.
Fig 81-107
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), on Asteraceae, 81, Mikania pseudohoffmanniana, globoid bud gall, 82, M. setigera, fusiform leaf vein gall, 83, Mikania sp.1, globoid leaf gall, 84, Mikania sp.2, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 85-92, Mikania sp.3, 85, fusiform subterraneous root gall, 86, discoid leaf gall, 87, conical leaf gall, 88, fusiform stem gall, 89, fusiform leaf petiole and midvein gall, 90, globoid leaf midvein gall, 91, globoid stem and bud gall, 92, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 93, Mikania sp.4, globoid stem, leaf petiole and vein gall, 94-95, Mikania sp.5, 94, globoid and fusiform, unilateral stem gall, 95, globoid leaf vein gall, 96, Mikania sp.6, rosette bud gall, 97, Mikania sp.7, fusiform stem gall, 98, Pluchea sagittalis, marginal leaf roll, 99, Pentacalia desiderabilis, globoid stem gall, 100-101, Piptocarpha leprosa, 100, fusiform midvein gall, 101, globoid leaf gall, 102, Pterocaulon virgatum, globoid stem gall, 103-104, Symphyopappus itatiayensis, 103, amorphous leaf gall, 104, ovoid bud gall, 105-107, S. reticulatus, 105, globoid apical bud gall,106, globoid lateral bud gall, 107, fusiform stem and leaf midvein gall.
Figure 108-133
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 108-109, Verbesina glabrata, 108, globoid bud gall, 109, claviform leaf gall, 110, Vernonanthura menbranacea, globoid bud gall, 111, V. montevidensis, lineal leaf gall, 112-113, Vernonanthura sp., 112, fusiform stem gall, 113, fusiform vein gall, 114, Vernonia sp.1, fusiform stem gall, 115, Vernonia sp.2, fusiform stem gall, 116, Vernonia sp.3, leaf petiole and midvein, globoid or fusiform, 117, on Berberidaceae, Berberis laurina, globoid leaf gall, 118-125, on Bignoniaceae, 118, Fridericia sp., fusiform stem and leaf vein gall, 119-120, Dolichandra unguis-cati, 119, fusiform stem gall, 210, globoid bud and stem gall, 121, Jacaranda copaia, fusiform stem and leaf petiole gall, 122, Mansoa difficilis, fusiform stem gall, 123, Mansoa sp., fusiform stem gall, 124, Bignoniaceae sp.1, fusiform bud gall, 125, Bignoniaceae sp.2, discoid leaf gall, 126, on Boraginaceae, Cordia sp., fusiform stem gall, 127-130, on Burseraceae, 127, Protium crassipetalum, globoid leaf gall, 128, P. tenuifolium, discoid leaf gall, 129-130, Protium sp., 129, marginal leaf roll, 130, hemispherical leaf gall, 131-132, on Cannabaceae, 131, Celtis iguana, fusiform leaf vein gall, 132, Celtis sp., fusiform stem gall, 133, on Combretaceae, Combretum fruticosum, fusiform leaf midvein gall.
Figure 134-164
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 134, on Combretaceae, Crombretum sp., globoid leaf gall, 135-137, on Convolvulaceae, 135, Dicranostyles sp., fusiform stem gall, 136, Ipomoea sp.1, discoid leaf gall, 137, Ipomoea sp.2, fusiform stem gall, 138, on Cunonaceae, Weinmannia humilis, globoid bud gall, 139, on Curcubitaceae, Cayaponia pilosa, cylindrical bud gall, 140-143, on Dilleniaceae, 140, Davilla sp., pineapple-like bud gall, 141, Doliocarpus sp.1, fusiform leaf vein gall, 142-143, Doliocarpus sp.2, 142, globoid bud gall, 143, fusiform stem gall, 144-146, on Dioscoreaceae, Dioscorea sp., 144, globoid leaf blade and petiole gall, 145, cylindrical leaf gall, 146, fusiform leaf vein gall, 147, on Ebenaceae, Diospyros sp., globoid bud gall, 148-161, on Euphorbiaceae, 148, Acalypha communis, conical leaf gall, 149, Croton campanulatus, fusiform stem gall, 150-153, C. floribundus,150, globoid leaf gall, 151, discoid leaf gall, 152, fusiform stem gall, 153, marginal leaf roll, 154, Croton sp., globoid stem gall, 155, Dalechampia scandens, globoid leaf and bud gall, 156, Manihot esculenta, globoid stem gall, 157, Pachystroma longifolium, conical leaf gall, 158-159, Sapium sp.1, 158, globoid leaf blade and petiole gall, 159, conical bud gall, 160, Sapium sp.2, globoid leaf vein gall, 161, Sebastiania sp., globoid leaf midvein gall, 162-164, on Fabaceae, 162, Calliandra brevipes, ovoid bud gall, 163, Centrosema sp., fusiform stem gall, 164, Dahlstedtia pinnata, fusiform stem gall.
Figure 165-198
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 165-188, on Fabaceae, 165, Dalbergia foliosa, marginal leaf roll, 166, D. subcymosa, coalescent leaf gall, 167-168, Derris sp., 167, leaf fold, 168, fusiform leaf vein gall, 169-170, Grazielia gaudichaudeana, 160, fusiform stem gall, 170, rosette bud gall, 171, Inga barbata, globoid leaf gall, 172, I. gracilifolia, globoid bud gall, 173-174, I. grandiflora, 173, fusiform stem, leaf petiole and vein gall, 174, marginal leaf roll, 175- 176, I. marginata, 175, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 176, globoid leaf gall, 177, Inga cf. sessilis, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 178, Luetzelburgia auriculata, globoid bud gall, 179-180, Machaerium nyctitans, 179, globoid stem gall, 180, globoid bud and leaf gall, 181, Machaerium sp., conical bud gall, 182, Mimosa candollei, globoid bud gall, 183, M. itatiayensis, globoid bud gall, 184-174, M. melanocarpa, 184, fusiform stem gall, 185, fusiform stem gall, 186, globoid bud and leaf gall, 187, globoid leaf gall, 188, Mimosa sp., conical bud gall, 189-194, on Lamiaceae, 189, Aegiphila sp., globoid leaf gall, 190, Hesperozygis myrtoides, ovoid bud gall, 191, Rhabdocaulon coccineum, fusiform bud gall, 192, Salvia oligantha, globoid leaf gall, 193-194, S. sellowiana, 193, fusiform leaf vein gall, 194, cylindrical leaf gall, 195-196, on Lauraceae, 195, Nectandra sp., globoid leaf gall, 196, Ocotea sp., globoid leaf gall, 197-198, on Loranthaceae, Phthirusa sp.1, 197, conical aerial root gall, 198, conical leaf gall.
Figure 199-225
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 199-205, on Loranthaceae, 199-200, Phthirusa sp.1, 199, globoid bud and leaf gall, 200, globoid leaf gall, 201-202, Phthirusa sp.2, 201, globoid leaf gall, 202, fusiform stem gall, 203-205, Struthanthus concinnus and S. pentamerus, 203, globoid bud and leaf gall, 204, ovoid bud gall, 205, fusiform leaf gall, 206-208, on Malpighiaceae, 206, Byrsonima sp., conical leaf gall, 207, Heteropterys sp., fusiform aerial root gall, 208, Niedenzuella acutifolia, globoid leaf gall, 209-225, on Melastomataceae, 209-211, Bellucia sp., 209, globoid bud gall, 210, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 211, leaf fold, 212-213, Clidemia sp.1, 212, globoid bud gall, 213, fusiform bud gall, 214, Clidemia sp.2, globoid bud gall, 215, Clidemia sp.3, globoid leaf blade and petiole gall, 216-217, Leandra hirta, 216, fusiform stem gall, 217, globoid leaf gall, 218, L. sericea, globoid leaf gall, 219, Maieta guianensis, fusiform leaf vein gall, 220-221, Miconia ceramicarpa, 220, fusiform stem gall, 221, globoid leaf gall, 222, M. chrysophylla, globoid leaf gall, 223, M. cuspidata, conical bud gall, 224-225, M. myriantha, 224, globoid stem and leaf petiole gall, 225, globoid bud gall.
Figure 226-256
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), on Melastomataceae, 226, Miconia cuspidata, globoid leaf gall, 227-228, M. paucidens, 227, globoid bud gall, 228, globoid leaf gall, 229, M. passiliflora, globoid stem gall, 230-231, M. cerophylla, 230, ovoid bud gall, 231, fusiform stem gall, 232-233, Miconia sp.1, 232, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 233, conical leaf petiole gall, 234-235, Miconia sp. 2, 234, conical leaf gall, 235, globoid leaf gall, 236-237, Miconia sp. 3, 236, globoid bud gall, 237, fusiform stem gall, 238-241, Miconia sp. 4, 238, fusiform stem gall, 239, fusiform leaf vein gall, 240, ovoid leaf gall, 241, ovoid bud gall, 242, Miconia sp. 5, globoid leaf gall, 243, Miconia sp. 6, fusiform stem gall, 244, Miconia sp. 7, fusiform leaf vein gall, 245, Miconia sp. 8, globoid or cylindrical leaf gall, 246-247, Tibouchina estrellensis, 246, rosette bud gall, 247, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 248, T. fothergillae, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 249-251, T. hospita, 249, globoid bud gall, 250, fusiform stem gall, 251, fusiform bud gall, 252-253, Tibouchina cf. martiusiana, 252, ovoid leaf vein gall, 253, fusiform bud gall, 254-256, T. semidecandra, 254, rosette bud gall, 255, conical bud gall, 256, globoid bud gall.
Figure 257-279
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 257-272, on Melastomataceae, 257-259, Tibouchina semidecandra, 257, ovoid leaf gall, 258, fusiform stem gall, 259, globoid bud gall, 260, Tibouchina sp.1, cylindrical bud gall, 261, Tibouchina sp. 2, fusiform stem gall, 262-264, Tibouchina sp. 3, 262, globoid bud gall, 263, globoid leaf gall, 264, fusiform stem gall, 265-267, Tibouchina sp. 4, 265, fusiform leaf vein gall, 266, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 267, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 268, Tibouchina sp. 5, globoid bud gall, 269, Tibouchina sp. 6, ovoid stem gall, 270-271, Melastomataceae sp.1, 270, globoid leaf gall, 271, fusiform leaf petiole and midvein gall, 272, Melastomataceae sp. 2, rosette bud gall, 273-276, on Meliaceae, 273, Guarea sp., marginal leaf roll, 274-276, Trichilia sp., 274, fusiform stem gall, 275, leaf fold, 276, globoid stem gall, 277, on Menispermaceae, Disciphania sp., globoid stem gall, 278, on Monimiaceae, Mollinedia sp., marginal leaf roll, 279, on Moraceae, Ficus sp., discoid leaf gall.
Figure 280-303
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), on Myrtaceae, 280, Calyptranthes sp., globoid leaf gall, 281-282, Eugenia buchosiifolia, 281, cylindrical leaf gall, 282, globoid bud gall, 283, E. schottiana, discoid leaf gall, 284, E. uniflora, discoid leaf gall, 285-287, Eugenia sp., 285, globoid bud gall, 286, marginal leaf roll, 287, fusiform stem gall, 288-291, Myrcia splendens, 288, globoid leaf gall, 289, globoid bud gall, 290, globoid bud and leaf gall, 291, leaf roll gall, 292-293, Myrcia cf. splendens, 292, globoid bud gall, 293, globoid leaf gall, 294-301, M. sylvatica, 294, marginal leaf roll, 295, fusiform stem gall, 296, globoid bud and leaf gall, 297, globoid bud gall, 298, globoid bud and leaf basis gall, 299, globoid bud gall, 300, globoid leaf petiole and midvein gall, 301, globoid leaf midvein gall, 302, Myrcia sp. 1, globoid leaf gall, 303, Myrcia sp. 2, fusiform stem gall.
Figure 304-337
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 304-312, on Nyctaginaceae, 304, Bougainvillea spectabilis, globoid stem gall, 305-307, Guapira sp., 305, globoid bud and leaf gall, 306, globoid leaf gall, 307, discoid leaf gall, 308-311, Neea oppositifolia, 308, globoid bud gall, 309, globoid leaf gall, 310, globoid stem gall, 311, globoid stem gall, 312, Neea sp. , globoid leaf gall, 313, on Onagraceae, Ludwigia sp., fusiform bud gall, 314, on Orchidaceae sp., conical leaf gall, 315-334, on Piperaceae, 315, Piper aduncum, conical bud gall, 316, P. arboreum, conical bud gall, 317, P. chimonanthifolium, globoid leaf gall, 318-320, Piper cf. dilatatum, 318, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 319, globoid leaf gall, 320, fusiform stem and leaf petiole gall, 321-322, P. marginatum, 321, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 322, globoid leaf gall, 323, P. richardiifolium, globoid leaf gall, 324-326, P. tuberculatum, 324, globoid bud gall, 325, discoid leaf gall, 326, fusiform stem gall, 327-328, Piper sp. 1, 327, globoid stem and bud gall, 328, globoid stem gall, 329, Piper sp. 2, conical bud and leaf gall, 330-331, Piper sp. 3, 330, globoid bud gall, 331, cylindrical bud gall, 332, Piper sp. 4, fusiform stem gall, 333, Piper sp. 5, globoid bud gall, 334, Piperaceae sp.1, globoid leaf gall, 335, on Polypodiaceae, Niphidium crassifolium, conical leaf gall, 336-337, on Primulaceae, Cybianthus sp., 336, fusiform bud gall, 337, fusiform stem gall.
Figure 338-366
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 338-343, on Primulaceae, 338, Myrsine lineata, discoid leaf gall, 339, M. parvula, globoid stem gall, 340-342, Myrsine sp. 1, 340, discoid leaf gall, 341, conical bud gall, 342, rosette bud gall, 343, Myrsine sp. 2, conical flower bud gall, 344-346, on Proteaceae, Roupala montana montana, 344, fusiform bud and stem gall, 345, globoid stem gall, 346, globoid bud gall, 347, on Pteridaceae, Adiantum latifolium, globoid bud gall, 348-349, on Rosaceae, 348, Prunus myrtifolia, fusiform stem gall, 349, Rubus rosifolius, marginal leaf roll, 350-365, on Rubiaceae, 350, Borreria tenera, globoid stem gall, 351, Borreria sp., fusiform stem gall, 352, Cordiera myrciifolia, globoid bud gall, 353, Ixora sp., globoid leaf gall, 354, Psychotria leiocarpa, conical leaf gall, 355-358, Psychotria sp.1, 355, fusiform bud, stem and leaf petiole gall, 356, globoid leaf gall, 357, marginal leaf roll, 358, globoid leaf gall, 359, Psychotria sp. 2, globoid bud gall, 360, Randia sp., leaf fold, 361, Remijia sp., globoid leaf gall, 362, Rudgea sp., discoid leaf gall, 363, Sabicea sp., globoid leaf gall, 364, Sipanea sp. 1, globoid stem gall, 365, Sipanea sp. 2, globoid leaf gall, 366, on Salicaceae, Casearia aculeata, globoid leaf gall.
Figure 367-397
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 367-368, on Salicaceae, Casearia arborea, 367, fusiform leaf vein gall, 368, C. sylvestris, fusiform stem gall, 369-370, on Santalaceae, 369, Phoradendron sp., globoid leaf gall, 370, Santalaceae sp., fusiform stem gall, 371-390, on Sapindaceae, 371, Cupania cinerea, fusiform stem gall, 372, C. scrobiculata, globoid leaf gall, 373, Paullinia sp., fusiform stem gall, 374, Serjania communis, fusiform stem, tendril, leaf petiole and vein gall, 375, S. deflexa, fusiform stem, tendril, leaf petiole and vein gall, 376-377, S. glutinosa, 376, fusiform leaf vein gall, 377, fusiform stem, tendril, leaf petiole, 378, S.lethalis, fusiform bud and stem gall, 379-380, S. meridionalis, 379, fusiform stem, leaf petiole and midvein gall, 380, globoid bud gall, 381-385, S. paucidentata, 381, fusiform leaf vein gall, 382, fusiform stem gall, 383, globoid leaf petiole gall, 384, marginal leaf roll, 385, discoid leaf gall, 386, Serjania sp. 1, marginal leaf roll, 387, Serjania sp. 2, globoid stem gall, 388, Serjania sp. 3, fusiform leaf midvein gall, 389, Serjania sp. 4, globoid leaf gall, 390, Toulicia sp., globoid leaf gall, 391-397, on Solanaceae, 391-392, Acnistus arborescens, 391, globoid leaf gall, 392, fusiform stem gall, 393, Aureliana anonacea, fusiform stem gall, 394, Aureliana sp., fusiform bud and stem gall, 395, Solanum asperum, globoid stem and leaf petiole gall, 396, S. incinellum, fusiform leaf vein gall, 397, S. megalochiton, globoid leaf gall.
Figure 398-414
Insect galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil), 398-412, on Solanaceae, 398-399, Solanum scuticum or S. piluliferum, 398, globoid leaf gall, 399, discoid leaf gall, 400, S. swartzianum, fusiform leaf vein gall, 401, Solanum sp. 1, fusiform stem gall, 402, Solanum sp. 2, fusiform stem, leaf petiole and vein gall, 403, Solanum sp. 3, fusiform stem, leaf petiole and vein gall, 404, Solanum sp. 4, fusiform leaf vein gall, 405-407, Solanum sp. 5, 405, fusiform stem gall, 406, fusiform leaf petiole gall, 407, fusiform leaf petiole and vein gall, 408, Solanum sp. 6, globoid leaf gall, 409, Solanum sp. 7, fusiform stem gall, 410, Solanum sp. 8, globoid leaf gall, 411-412, Solanum sp. 9, 411, globoid or fusiform stem gall, 412, fusiform bud gall, 413, on Verbenaceae, Lantana camara, globoid leaf gall, 414, on Vitaceae, Cissus albida, globoid leaf petiole gall.