Saturniid moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

ALBERTONI, FABIANO F.; MIELKE, CARLOS G.C.; DUARTE, MARCELO

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170629

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Biological Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 90 (03) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170629 copy

Saturniid moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The light-attracted silk moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of the Boraceia Biological Station in the municipality of Salesópolis, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil have been sampled over more than seven decades (1942-2013). A total of 6,288 individuals (including a gynandromorph) belonging to five subfamilies, 46 genera and 133 species were identified. Hemileucinae was the most abundant and speciesrich subfamily, followed by Ceratocampinae, Arsenurinae, Saturniinae, and Oxyteninae. Hylesia Hübner, Automeris Hübner, and Dirphiopsis Bouvier (Hemileucinae) were the dominant genera in abundance and species richness. Only Automeris illustris (Walker), Gamelia remissoides Lemaire, and Hidripa paranensis (Bouvier) (Hemileucinae) were recorded in all months of sampling. Hylesia metapyrrha (Walker) was the most abundant saturniid species recorded at the station, with 375 specimens, followed by Hylesia oratex Dyar with 265 specimens, Dirphia muscosa Schaus with 261 specimens (all Hemileucinae); Copaxa canella Walker (Saturniinae) with 232 specimens, and Lonomia cf. obliqua Walker (Hemileucinae) with 106 specimens. Fifteen additional species were each represented by more than 100 specimens. The importance of the Boraceia Biological Station to the maintenance of the saturniid moth diversity in the Atlantic Forest is discussed.

Key words
conservation; inventory; neotropical; phenology; research promotion; silk moths

Years	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1942		X		X					X		X	X
1943												X
1946							X
1947									X		X	X
1948	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1949	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1950	X	X	X					X	X
1951			X								X
1952	X				X	X					X
1953										X
1954		X		X		X	X	X	X	X
1956									X	X
1957	X		X	X						X	X
1958			X						X		X	X
1959		X	X			X	X		X		X
1960										X
1961								X
1962	X			X			X	X	X	X	X	X
1963		X	X			X			X
1964	X	X								X	X	X
1965	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1966	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1967		X	X	X			X	X	X	X	X	X
1968	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X	X	X
1969	X	X		X			X	X
1970										X
1983										X
1985	X									X
1987										X
1989										X
1991										X
1995										X
1997				X
1999				X
2000									X	X	X
2001		X		X				X	X	X
2002			X							X
2003				X
2004				X	X
2008									X
2010									X
2012		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
2013	X	X	X			X
Total*	13	16	15	16	8	10	11	13	20	24	17	13

	Subfamilies/Genera	Species number	Individuals
	Subfamilies/Genera	Species number	Female	Male	Gyn	Total
1	Arsenurinae	15	42	617		659
1	Arsenura	4	6	163		169
2	Copiopteryx	3	18	194		212
3	Dysdaemonia**	1	–	–		–
4	Loxolomia	1	2	9		11
5	Paradaemonia	4	5	80		85
6	Rhescyntis	1	0	13		13
7	Titaea	1	11	158		169
2	Ceratocampinae	26	61	1236	1	1298
8	Adeloneivaia	4	10	160		170
9	Adelowalkeria	2	4	187		191
10	Almeidella	1	2	53		55
11	Cicia	2	1	13		14
12	Citheronia	2	3	39	1	43
13	Eacles	4	12	345		357
14	Neorcarnegia	1	0	1		1
15	Oiticella	2	2	46		48
16	Othorene	2	16	255		271
17	Procitheronia	2	6	106		112
18	Ptiloscola**	1	–	–		–
19	Schausiella	1	0	9		9
20	Scolesa**	1	–	–		–
21	Syssphinx	1	5	22		27
3	Hemileucinae	80	394	3251		3645
22	Austrolippa	2	6	11		17
23	Automerella	3	3	23		26
24	Automeris	9	51	353		404
25	Automeropsis	1	0	1		1
26	Callodirphia	1	2	0		2
27	Catacantha	2	3	15		18
28	Cerodirphia	5	20	143		163
29	Dirphia	7	26	406		432
30	Dirphiopsis	7	19	247		266
31	Gamelia	2	3	70		73
32	Hidripa	2	16	148		164
33	Hylesia	16	92	1341		1433
34	Hyperchiria	1	3	46		49
35	Hyperchirioides	1	3	4		7
36	Leucanella	4	44	27		71
37	Lonomia	2	64	126		190
38	Molippa	1	4	85		89
39	Periga	6	8	46		54
40	Prohylesia	1	0	8		8
41	Pseudautomeris	5	27	139		166
42	Pseudodirphia	1	0	1		1
43	Travassosula	1	0	11		11
4	Oxyteninae	2	3	126		129
44	Oxytenis	2	3	126		129
5	Saturniinae	10	52	505		557
45	Copaxa	4	29	302		331
46	Rothschildia	6	23	203		226
	Total	133	552	5735	1	6288

	Taxa	Individuals
	Taxa	Females	Males	Gyn	Total
1	Arsenurinae	42	617		659
1	Arsenura armida armida (Cramer, 1779)	2	50		52
2	Arsenura biundulata Schaus, 1906	4	110		114
3	Arsenura sylla hercules (Walker, 1855)	0	1		1
4	Arsenura xanthopus (Walker, 1855)	0	2		2
5	Copiopteryx derceto (Maassen, 1872)	2	18		20
6	Copiopteryx semiramis phoenix (Deyrolle, 1869)	0	17		17
7	Copiopteryx sonthonnaxi É. André, 1905	16	159		175
8	Loxolomia serpentina Maassen, 1869	2	9		11
9	Dysdaemonia brasiliensis Rothschild, 1906^**	-	-		-
10	Paradaemonia mayi (Jordan, 1922)	4	43		47
11	Paradaemonia meridionalis Camargo, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2007	0	27		27
12	Paradaemonia orsilochus (Maassen, 1869)	1	9		10
13	Paradaemonia pluto (Westwood, 1854)	0	1		1
14	Rhescyntis pseudomartii Lemaire, 1976	0	13		13
15	Titaea tamerlan tamerlan (Maassen, 1869)	11	158		169
2	Ceratocampinae	61	1236	1	1298
16	Adeloneivaia boisduvalii (Doûmet, 1859)^**	-	-		-
17	Adeloneivaia cf. catharina (Bouvier, 1927) ^F	1	0		1
18	Adeloneivaia fallax (Boisduval, 1872)	9	153		162
19	Adeloneivaia subangulata subangulata (Herrich-Schäffer, [1855])	0	7		7
20	Adelowalkeria flavosignata Walker, 1865	0	34		34
21	Adelowalkeria tristygma (Boisduval, 1872)	4	153		157
22	Almeidella almeidai Oiticica, 1946	2	53		55
23	Cicia crocata (Boisduval, 1872)	1	12		13
24	Cicia nettia (Schaus, 1921)	0	1		1
25	Citheronia laocoon (Cramer, 1777)	1	18	1	20
26	Citheronia phoronea (Cramer, 1779)	2	21		23
27	Eacles ducalis Walker, 1855	4	123		127
28	Eacles imperialis magnifica Walker, 1855	8	96		104
29	Eacles lauroi Oiticica, 1938	0	53		53
30	Eacles mayi Schaus, 1920	0	73		73
31	Neorcarnegia basirei (Schaus, 1892)	0	1		1
32	Oiticella brevis (Walker, 1855)	1	41		42
33	Oiticella convergens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1855])	1	5		6
34	Othorene cadmus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)	13	107		120
35	Othorene peggyae Brechlin & Meister, 2011	3	148		151
36	Procitheronia principalis (Walker, 1855)	5	58		63
37	Procitheronia purpurea (Oiticica, 1930)	1	48		49
38	Ptiloscola cinerea (Schaus, 1900)^**	-	-		-
39	Schausiella arpi (Schaus, 1892)	0	9		9
40	Scolesa viettei Travassos, 1959^**	-	-		-
41	Syssphinx molina (Cramer, 1780)	5	22		27
3	Hemileucinae	394	3251		3645
42	Austrolippa convergens (Walker, 1855)		1		1
43	Austrolippa cruenta (Walker, 1855)	6	10		16
44	Automerella chrisbrechlinae Brechlin & Meister, 2015	1	15		16
45	Automerella flexuosa (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874)	1	8		9
46	Automerella rubicunda (Schaus, 1892) ^F	1	0		1
47	Automeris basalis (Walker, 1855)	7	26		33
48	Automeris beckeri (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856)	9	95		104
49	Automeris bilinea tamphilus Schaus, 1892	1	44		45
50	Automeris illustris (Walker, 1855)	7	131		138
51	Automeris inornata (Walker, 1855)	8	50		58
52	Automeris melanops (Walker, 1865)	0	7		7
53	Automeris muscula (Vuillot, 1892) ^F	6	0		6
54	Automeris intermedius (Bouvier, 1929) ^F	3	0		3
55	Automeris tristis (Boisduval, 1875) ^F	10	0		10
56	Automeropsis umbrata (Boisduval, 1875)	0	1		1
57	Callodirphia arpi (Schaus, 1908) ^F	2	0		2
58	Catacantha oculata (Schaus, 1921)	0	1		1
59	Catacantha ferruginea (Draudt, 1929)	3	14		17
60	Cerodirphia apunctata Dias & Lemaire, 1991	0	1		1
61	Cerodirphia opis (Schaus, 1892)	9	57		66
62	Cerodirphia rosacordis (Walker, 1855)	0	3		3
63	Cerodirphia vagans (Walker, 1855)	11	66		77
64	Cerodirphia zikani (Schaus, 1921)	0	16		16
65	Dirphia araucariae Jones, 1908	0	1		1
66	Dirphia baroma (Schaus, 1906)	16	67		83
67	Dirphia dolosa Bouvier, 1929	1	47		48
68	Dirphia fornax (Druce, 1903)	2	35		37
69	Dirphia muscosa Schaus, 1898	7	254		261
70	Dirphia sombrero Le Cerf, 1934	0	2		2
71	Dirphia triangulum Walker, 1855^**	-	-		-
72	Dirphiopsis delta (Foetterle, 1902)	0	32		32
73	Dirphiopsis epiolina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874)	5	90		95
74	Dirphiopsis multicolor (Walker, 1855)	6	59		65
75	Dirphiopsis picturata (Schaus, 1913)	6	26		32
76	Dirphiopsis trisignata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874)	1	14		15
77	Dirphiopsis undulinea (F. Johnson, 1937)	1	3		4
78	Dirphiopsis wanderbilti Pearson, 1958	0	23		23
79	Gamelia catharina (Draudt, 1929)	2	2		4
80	Gamelia remissoides Lemaire, 1967	1	68		69
81	Hidripa paranensis (Bouvier, 1929)	16	126		142
82	Hidripa perdix (Maassen & Weyding, 1885)	0	22		22
83	Hylesia corevia Schaus, 1900	3	46		49
84	Hylesia falcifera (Hübner, 1825)	5	76		81
85	Hylesia maurex Draudt, 1929	4	44		48
86	Hylesia metapyrrha (Walker, 1855)	20	355		375
87	Hylesia minasia Schaus, 1921	0	4		4
88	Hylesia munonia Schaus, 1927	0	135		135
89	Hylesia nanus (Walker, 1855)	1	46		47
90	Hylesia nigricans Berg, 1875	1	37		38
91	Hylesia oratex Dyar, 1913	16	249		265
92	Hylesia paulex Dognin, 1922	0	30		30
93	Hylesia rufex Draudt, 1929	0	12		12
94	Hylesia scortina Draudt, 1929	5	111		116
^*	Hylesia sp.	29	11		40
95	Hylesia sp. 1	0	118		118
96	Hylesia sp. 2	0	3		3
97	Hylesia sp. 3	0	11		11
98	Hylesia vindex Dyar, 1913	8	53		61
99	Hyperchiria incisa incisa Walker, 1855	3	46		49
100	Hyperchirioides bulaea (Maassen & Weyding, 1885)	3	4		7
101	Leucanella gibbosa (Conte, 1906)	21	26		47
102	Leucanella janeira (Westwood, 1854)	8	1		9
103	Leucanella memusae gardineri Lemaire, 1973^**	-	-		-
104	Leucanella viridescens viridescens (Walker, 1855) ^F	15	0		15
105	Lonomia antoniae Brechlin & Meister, 2015	16	68		84
106	Lonomia cf. obliqua Walker, 1855	48	58		106
107	Molippa sabina Walker, 1855	4	85		89
108	Periga acuta C. Mielke & Meister, 2013	0	2		2
109	Periga cf. intervales C. Mielke, Joerke, Miranda & Costa, 2017	0	3		3
110	Periga circumstans Walker, 1855	3	12		15
111	Periga falcata Walker, 1855	5	7		12
112	Periga sp. 1	0	10		10
113	Periga sp. 2	0	12		12
114	Prohylesia zikani Draudt, 1929	0	8		8
115	Pseudautomeris brasiliensis (Walker, 1855)	10	38		48
116	Pseudautomeris coronis (Schaus, 1913)	9	56		65
117	Pseudautomeris grammivora (Jones, 1908) ^F	2	0		2
118	Pseudautomeris hubneri (Boisduval, 1875)	6	45		51
119	Pseudautomeris luteata (Walker, 1865)^**	-	-		-
120	Pseudodirphia catarinensis (Lemaire, 1975)	0	1		1
121	Travassosula subfumata (Schaus, 1921)	0	11		11
4	Oxyteninae	3	126		129
122	Oxytenis bicornis Jordan, 1924	3	85		88
123	Oxytenis modaustralis Brechlin & Meister, 2014	0	41		41
5	Saturniinae	52	505		557
124	Copaxa canella Walker, 1855	23	209		232
125	Copaxa decrescens Walker, 1855	0	35		35
126	Copaxa joinvillea Schaus, 1921	5	21		26
127	Copaxa mielkeorum Brechlin & Meister, 2010	1	37		38
128	Rothschildia arethusa (Walker, 1855)	1	19		20
129	Rothschildia aurota speculifera (Walker, 1855)	3	47		50
130	Rothschildia belus (Maassen, 1873)	0	5		5
131	Rothschildia hesperus betis (Linnaeus, 1758)	13	39		52
132	Rothschildia hopfferi (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859)	2	63		65
133	Rothschildia jacobaeae (Walker, 1855)	4	30		34
	Individuals (only from MZSP)	552	5735	1	6288
	Number of species	84	118	1	133
	Species with no representative of the respective sex (only from MZSP)	42	8	–	126

Taxa	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Arsenurinae
Arsenura armida	X	X	X						X			X
Arsenura biundulata		X	X	X	X			X
Arsenura sylla								X
Arsenura xanthopus		X									X
Copiopteryx derceto							X	X	X	X
Copiopteryx semiramis	X	X	X	X							X
Copiopteryx sonthonnaxi	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Loxolomia serpentina	X	X	X								X	X
Paradaemonia mayi							X	X	X	X	X
Paradaemonia meridionalis	X	X								X	X	X
Paradaemonia orsilochus	X	X	X									X
Paradaemonia pluto								X
Rhescyntis pseudomartii	X	X	X			X	X	X	X		X
Titaea tamerlan	X	X	X	X				X	X	X	X	X
Ceratocampinae
Adeloneivaia cf. catharina												X
Adeloneivaia fallax	X	X	X	X		X		X	X	X	X	X
Adeloneivaia subangulata			X
Adelowalkeria flavosignata	X	X	X							X	X	X
Adelowalkeria tristygma	X	X	X				X	X	X	X	X	X
Almeidella almeidai								X	X	X
Cicia crocata	X		X	X				X				X
Cicia nettia												X
Citheronia laocoon		X	X						X	X	X	X
Citheronia phoronea	X										X	X
Eacles ducalis		X							X	X	X	X
Eacles imperialis	X	X	X						X	X	X
Eacles lauroi							X	X	X
Eacles mayi								X	X	X
Neorcarnegia basirei			X
Oiticella brevis	X	X	X					X	X	X	X	X
Oiticella convergens	X		X	X			X			X
Othorene cadmus	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Othorene peggyae	X	X	X					X	X	X	X	X
Procitheronia principalis	X	X	X						X	X	X	X
Procitheronia purpurea									X	X
Schausiella arpi	X	X								X		X
Syssphinx molina	X	X	X						X	X	X	X
Hemileucinae
Austrolippa convergens				X
Austrolippa cruenta		X	X		X		X	X	X	X
Automerella chrisbrechlinae	X	X					X	X
Automerella flexuosa	X	X
Automerella rubicunda							X
Automeris basalis							X	X	X	X
Automeris beckeri							X	X	X	X
Automeris bilinea	X		X	X		X		X		X	X	X
Automeris illustris	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Automeris inornata							X	X	X
Automeris melanops		X	X						X
Automeris muscula	X	X						X	X
Automeris intermedius		X							X	X
Automeris tristis	X	X	X					X	X
Automeropsis umbrata									X
Callodirphia arpi				X		X
Catacantha oculata	X
Catacantha ferruginea	X	X	X				X	X		X
Cerodirphia apunctata	X
Cerodirphia opis	X	X		X	X	X	X					X
Cerodirphia rosacordis											X	X
Cerodirphia vagans			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Cerodirphia zikani						X	X
Dirphia araucariae						X
Dirphia baroma				X	X	X	X	X
Dirphia dolosa						X	X	X	X
Dirphia fornax	X	X	X									X
Dirphia muscosa	X	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Dirphia sombrero						X		X
Dirphiopsis delta				X	X	X	X
Dirphiopsis epiolina				X		X	X	X	X
Dirphiopsis multicolor	X	X		X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X
Dirphiopsis picturata						X	X	X	X
Dirphiopsis trisignata	X	X	X
Dirphiopsis undulinea						X	X
Dirphiopsis wanderbilti					X	X	X	X	X
Gamelia catharina							X	X				X
Gamelia remissoides	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Hidripa paranensis	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Hidripa perdix				X	X	X	X	X
Hylesia corevia			X	X	X
Hylesia falcifera	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Hylesia maurex			X	X	X		X					X
Hylesia metapyrrha	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X
Hylesia minasia						X	X
Hylesia munonia			X	X	X	X
Hylesia nanus	X	X	X	X		X	X		X	X	X	X
Hylesia nigricans	X	X	X
Hylesia oratex		X	X	X
Hylesia paulex	X	X	X	X	X						X	X
Hylesia rufex					X	X
Hylesia scortina	X	X	X			X	X	X	X			X
Hylesia sp.	X		X	X		X
Hylesia sp. 1			X	X	X
Hylesia sp. 2			X	X
Hylesia sp. 3			X
Hylesia vindex			X	X							X	X
Hyperchiria incisa	X	X	X					X	X	X
Hyperchirioides bulaea	X	X						X	X
Leucanella gibbosa	X	X		X	X	X		X			X	X
Leucanella janeira				X	X	X	X
Leucanella viridescens	X	X					X		X		X
Lonomia antoniae		X	X	X		X		X
Lonomia cf. obliqua	X	X	X			X	X	X	X		X	X
Molippa sabina	X	X	X					X	X	X
Periga acuta			X
Periga cf. intervales			X			X
Periga circumstans							X	X	X	X	X
Periga falcata					X	X	X				X	X
Periga sp. 1				X	X	X	X
Periga sp. 2				X							X	X
Prohylesia zikani	X							X
Pseudautomeris brasiliensis	X	X				X	X	X	X	X		X
Pseudautomeris coronis			X	X
Pseudautomeris grammivora	X
Pseudautomeris hubneri	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Pseudodirphia catarinensis			X
Travassosula subfumata	X						X	X		X
Oxyteninae
Oxytenis bicornis	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Oxytenis modaustralis	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Saturniinae
Copaxa canella	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Copaxa decrescens	X	X	X						X	X	X
Copaxa joinvillea	X						X	X	X	X
Copaxa mielkeorum		X						X	X	X
Rothschildia arethusa	X	X	X					X	X	X	X
Rothschildia aurota	X	X	X					X	X	X	X	X
Rothschildia belus			X						X	X	X
Rothschildia hesperus	X	X	X	X							X	X
Rothschildia hopfferi	X	X	X	X				X	X	X	X
Rothschildia jacobaeae	X	X		X			X	X	X	X	X	X

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[1] Correspondence to: Marcelo Duarte E-mail: mduartes@usp.br