Morphometric variation in pink shrimp populations at Rio de Janeiro coast (SE Brazil): are they really similar in closer areas?

CARVALHO, CÁSSIA DE; KEUNECKE, KARINA A.; LAVRADO, HELENA P.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180252

CÁSSIA DE CARVALHO

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PPGZoo/MN-UFRJ), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Av. Pau-Brasil, 211, Prédio do CCS - Bloco A, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-6789

KARINA A. KEUNECKE

Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil

HELENA P. LAVRADO

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PPGZoo/MN-UFRJ), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Av. Pau-Brasil, 211, Prédio do CCS - Bloco A, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Correspondence to: Cássia de Carvalho E-mail: carvalho.c89@gmail.com ORCid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-6789

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Helena P. Lavrado and Karina A. Keunecke are responsible for the study conception and sampling design, supervision of the project and also contributed to the data analysis and to the writing of the manuscript. Cássia de Carvalho contributed to the study conception, carried out the field and labworks, performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript with input from the other authors.

	Guanabara Bay	Sepetiba Bay
Coordinates	22°44’–22°57’S,42°33’–43°19’W	22°53’–23°04’S,43°34’– 44°10’W
Area	380 km² (Soares-Gomes et al. 2016).	305 km² (SEMADS 2001).
Salinity	13 (inner areas) to 34 (central channel) (Soares-Gomes et al. 2016).	20 (inner areas) to 34 (near Restinga da Marambaia) (SEMADS 2001).
Depth	The average depth is 5.7 m (maximum value – 58 m near the central channel) (Kjerve et al. 1997, Costa 1998COSTA H. 1998. Uma avaliação da qualidade das águas costeiras do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação de Estudos do Mar - FEMAR, 261 p.).	From two to 31 m (near Itaguaí harbor), but ~ 50% of its area is less than 6 m (SEMADS 2001).
Tide mode	Semi-diurnal tide – 0.7 m tide range on average (Da Silva et al. 2016).	Semi-diurnal tide – 0.8 m tide range on average (SEMADS 2001).
Sediments	Bay mouth is mainly sandy; inner areas (south-north) are mainly muddy (Soares-Gomes et al. 1997).	Outer areas are mainly sandy; inner areas (west-east) are mainly muddy (SEMADS 2001).
Water stratification	Stratification mainly in summer period (Ribeiro and Kjerfve 2002).	No evident stratification (SEMADS 2001).
Chlorophyll-a (µg/L)	20.00 (Fiori et al. 2013).	4.22 (Fiori et al. 2013).
Mean Water transparency (m)	Inner area - 0.9 (0.3)Middle area - 1.3 (0.8)Outer area - 2.4 (1.0)(Santi and Tavares 2009SANTI T and TAVARES M. 2009. Polychaete assemblage of an impacted estuary, Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Ocean 57(4): 287-303.)	Inner area - 1.7 (0.1)Middle area - 2.9 (0.1)Outer area - 3.6 (0.2)(Araújo et al. 2006)

Species	Bay	Females (n)	Males (n)	Sex ratioF:M	χ²	p-value
F. brasiliensis	Sepetiba	1,998	1,846	1.08	6.01	0.013
F. brasiliensis	Guanabara	1,802	1,597	1.13	12.36	0.001
F. paulensis	Sepetiba	332	318	1.04	0.006	0.610
F. paulensis	Guanabara	437	431	1.01	0.041	0.860

Bay	Species	Season
Bay	Species	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
GB	F. brasiliensis	9.7±8.4^a	34.3±40.1^a	105.9±184.8^a	36.5±40.3^a
GB	F. paulensis	0.6±0.9^a	3.6±7.7^a	35.1±81.6^a	8.3±14.3^a
SB	F. brasiliensis	12.8±9.2^ab	61.3±56.7^bc	88.8±58.0^c	50.3±89.1^a
SB	F. paulensis	2.1±3.1^a	7.4±11.0^ab	18.3±17.6^b	8.4±18.3^a

Species	Sex	Variable	Sepetiba Bay				Guanabara Bay					t value	p value	Cohen’s d	Size effect	Cohen’s U₃ (%)
Species	Sex	Variable	N	Mean	SD	CV %		N	Mean	SD	CV %
F. brasiliensis	F	CL	1,994	22.7	5.7	25.1		1,781	22.9	5.3	23.3	0.8	0.42	0.03	non-sign.	54.0
		TL	1,994	103.5	25.1	24.3		1,781	91.6	16.9	18.4	16.9	<0.0001	0.55	medium	72.6
		TL/CL	1,994	4.6	0.2	4.3		1,781	4.1	0.4	8.5	58.4	<0.0001	1.78	very large	96.4
		ABD	1,994	66.9	16.1	24.1		1,781	54.7	9.4	17.2	28.0	<0.0001	0.91	large	81.6
		W	1,994	10.5	7.3	70.0		1,801	7.3	5.0	68.9	15.4	<0.0001	0.50	medium	69.2
	M	CL	1,844	21.1	4.5	21.2		1,579	22.0	4.3	19.7	6.0	<0.0001	0.20	small	58.0
		TL	1,844	97.6	20.6	21.1		1,579	89.5	14.5	16.2	12.9	<0.0001	0.44	small	65.5
		TL/CL	1,844	4.6	0.2	4.3		1,579	4.1	0.3	7.3	59.0	<0.0001	1.99	very large	97.7
		ABD	1,844	63.5	13.5	21.3		1,579	54.0	8.7	16.1	23.9	<0.0001	0.82	large	78.8
		W	1,597	8.4	4.8	57.5		1,579	6.4	3.4	53.9	13.9	<0.0001	0.48	small	69.2
F. paulensis	F	CL	330	18.0	5.8	32.2		433	18.7	5.6	29.8	1.6	0.11	0.11	non-sign.	54.0
		TL	330	82.9	26.2	31.6		433	79.0	19.8	25.1	2.3	0.02	0.17	non-sign.	58.0
		TL/CL	330	4.6	0.2	4.3		433	4.3	0.3	7.0	17.2	<0.0001	1.15	very large	88.5
		ABD	330	52.9	16.6	31.4		433	48.0	11.1	23.1	4.9	<0.0001	0.36	small	65.5
		W	332	6.1	7.0	115.7		437	4.8	6.6	137.5	2.6	0.01	0.19	non-sign.	58.0
	M	CL	312	16.9	4.7	27.9		427	18.9	5.3	28.1	5.3	<0.0001	0.40	small	65.5
		TL	312	78.8	23.3	29.6		427	79.5	20.4	25.7	0.4	0.66	0.03	non-sign.	54.0
		TL/CL	312	4.6	0.2	4.3		427	4.2	0.4	9.5	18.9	<0.0001	1.21	very large	88.5
		ABD	312	50.1	15.5	30.9		427	48.0	12.3	25.6	2.6	0.01	0.15	non-sign.	58.0
		W	314	4.9	4.2	85.8		431	4.9	5.7	116.6	0.1	0.95	0.00	non-sign.	54.0

Species	Bay	Sex	N	a±SE	b±SE	r²
F. brasiliensis	Sepetiba	F	1,994	4.57±0.33	4.36±0.01	0.98
		M	1,844	1.82±0.38	4.53±0.02	0.97
		Grouped sexes	3,838	3.90±0.25	4.41±0.01	0.98
	Guanabara	F	1,781	22.63±0.62	3.02±0.03	0.94
		M	1,579	22.07±0.78	3.06±0.03	0.83
		Grouped sexes	3,360	22.52±0.48	3.03±0.02	0.93
F. paulensis	Sepetiba	F	330	3.04±0.66	4.44±0.03	0.98
		M	312	-4.05±0.54	4.90±0.03	0.99
		Grouped sexes	642	0.45±0.46	4.61±0.03	0.98
	Guanabara	F	433	14.50±0.80	3.46±0.04	0.94
		M	427	10.54±1.16	3.64±0.06	0.90
		Grouped sexes	860	12.65±0.70	3.55±0.04	0.96

Species	Sex	Bays	t-value	Cohen’s d	Size effect	Cohen’s U₃ (%)
F. brasiliensis	F	SB x GB	33.04	1.50	very large	93.3
	M	SB x GB	28.22	1.35	very large	91.9
	Grouped sexes	SB x GB	42.99	1.42	very large	91.9
	F x M	SB	5.40	0.25	small	61.8
	F x M	GB	0.66	0.03	non-sig.	<54.0
F. paulensis	F	SB x GB	12.77	1.27	large	90.3
	M	SB x GB	13.99	1.27	large	90.3
	Grouped sexes	SB x GB	17.38	1.18	large	88.5
	F x M	SB	7.00	0.78	medium	78.8
	F x M	GB	1.83	0.17	non-sig.	57.9

Species	Bay	Sex	N	a(x10^-5)	b±SE	t-value	r²
F. brasiliensis	Sepetiba	Females	1,681	1.00	2.96±0.01	2.87	0.97
		Males	1,541	1.50	2.86±0.02	7.89	0.96
		Grouped sexes	3,222	1.00	2.96±0.01	3.75	0.97
	Guanabara	Females	1,696	0.70	3.05±0.01	3.98	0.96
		Males	1,517	0.70	3.02±0.02	1.26	0.94
		Grouped sexes	3,213	0.60	3.06±0.01	5.78	0.91
F. paulensis	Sepetiba	Females	267	1.20	2.91±0.02	4.33	0.99
		Males	252	2.90	2.71±0.03	10.00	0.98
		Grouped sexes	519	1.20	2.92±0.02	4.94	0.98
	Guanabara	Females	399	0.50	3.10±0.01	7.02	0.99
		Males	403	0.40	3.13±0.02	7.41	0.99
		Grouped sexes	802	0.50	3.11±0.01	10.11	0.99

Species	Sex	Bays	t	Cohen’s d	Size effect	Cohen’s U₃ (%)
F. brasiliensis	Females	SB x GB	3.40	0.32	small	61.8
F. brasiliensis	Males	SB x GB	4.51	0.33	small	61.8
F. brasiliensis	Grouped sexes	SB x GB	4.69	0.26	small	61.8
F. brasiliensis	Females x Males	SB	3.21	0.27	small	61.8
F. brasiliensis	Females x Males	GB	0.88	0.05	non-sig.	54.0
F. paulensis	Females	SB x GB	5.45	2.02	very large	97.7
F. paulensis	Males	SB x GB	9.04	2.73	very large	99.7
F. paulensis	Grouped sexes	SB x GB	6.95	1.64	very large	94.5
F. paulensis	Females x Males	SB	4.11	1.26	large	90.3
F. paulensis	Females x Males	GB	0.79	0.72	medium	75.8

Local	Coordinates	Depth (m)	Fishing gear	Study period	Ratio (Fb/Fp)	Study
Imboassica Lagoon, RJ	22°25’S, 41°42’’W	0.1-1.5*	Trawl net and casting net (no mesh size data)	Jun/1995-Sep/1997	3.12	Albertoni et al. (2003)
Guanabara Bay, RJ	22°41’-22°56’S, 43°02’-43°18’W	2.7-15.2**	Trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	Jul/2005-Jun/2007	4.04- 5.55	P.M. Golodne (unpub data)
Guanabara Bay, RJ	22°41’-22°56’S, 43°02’-43°18’W	4.6-26.0*	Trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	Aug/2011-Jul/2012	3.91	Present study
Sepetiba Bay, RJ	22°54’-23°04’S, 43°34’- 44°10’W	0.1-1.5 m*	Beach seining (7 mm mesh size)	Jun/1983-Jun/1984	0.51-1.37	Oshiro and Araujo (1987)
Sepetiba Bay, RJ	22°54’-23°04’S, 43°34’- 44°10’W	7.0 -14.0*	Trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	Aug/2011-Jul/2012	5.91	Present study
Continental shelf, RJ	23º-25ºS	?	Industrial fishing landing. (Double trawl net)	Jul/2000-Feb/2001	1.46	Paiva and Fonteles-Filho (2004)PAIVA MP and FONTELES-FILHO AA. 2004. Espécies, sexos e tamanhos do camarão-rosa, Farfantepenaeus spp., no estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Arq Ciên Mar 37: 139-143.
Ubatuba region, SP	23º20’15’’S-23º31’43”S, 44º53’39”-45º12’54”W	5.0-20.0*	Double trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	Jan/1998-Dec/1999	2.13-2.22	Costa et al. (2016)
Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba, SP	23º26’27’’ - 23º36’09”S 45º03’18”- 45º20’25”W	4.3-36.1**	Double trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	Jul/2001-Jun/2003	7.25	Castilho et al. (2008)CASTILHO AL, PIE MR, FRANSOZO A, PINHEIRO AP and COSTA RC. 2008. The relationship between environmental variation and species abundance in shrimp community (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeoidea) in south-eastern Brazil. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 88(1): 119-123.
Continental shelf, SC	26°-28° S	25.0-70.0*	Industrial fishing landing. (Double trawl net)	Aug/1983-Jun/1985	2.67	Neto (1985)
Conceição Lagoon, SC	27°30’ - 27°36’15”S, 48°25’ - 48°30’W	0.3-1.5**	Handy shrimp trap net (“bernunça”) (5 mm- mesh size)	May/1992-Apr/1993	0.22	Branco and Verani (1998a, 1998bBRANCO JO and VERANI JR. 1998b. Estudo populacional do camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante (Natantia, Penaeidae) na Lagoa da Conceição, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev Bras Zool 15(2): 353-364.)
Conceição Lagoon, SC	27°34’S - 48°27’ W	0.5-1.0**	Casting net (10-mm mesh size)	Sep/2003-Aug/2004	1.66	Luchman et al. (2008)LÜCHMANN KH, FREIRE A, FERREIRA NC, DAURA-JORGE FG and MARQUES MRF. 2008. Spatial and temporal variations in abundance and biomass of penaeid shrimps in the subtropical Conceição Lagoon, southern Brazil. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 88(2): 293-299.
Saco dos Limões, Sul Bay, SC	27°36’ - 27°39’S, 48°33’- 48°31’W	2.0-8.0**	Double trawl net (20-mm mesh size at the codend)	1997, 2000 -2006	1.39-7.70	Freitas et al. (2011)
Lagoa Ibiraquera, SC	28°06’18’’ 28°10’16’’S 48°37’44’’- 48°41’53’’W	0.2-2.0**	Casting net (27-mm mesh size)	Feb/2004-Feb/2005	0.03	Ferreira and Freire (2009)FERREIRA NC and FREIRE AS. 2009. Spatio-temporal variation of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) associated to the seasonal overture of the sandbar in a subtropical lagoon. Iheringia, Ser Zool 99(4): 390-396.

[1] Correspondence to: Cássia de Carvalho E-mail: carvalho.c89@gmail.com ORCid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-6789