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AGRARIAN SCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 92 (suppl 1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190278 copy

Phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments and their effects on serum biochemistry, morphometry and intestinal health of broilers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

To examine the association between phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments on intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry and microbiology of broilers, 250 broilers were evaluated in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. The following treatments were tested: positive control diet - without phytase or xylanase; negative control diet - with an energy reduction of 100 kcal/kg, without phytase or xylanase; and three diets containing xylanase and phytase and energy reductions of 50, 100 and 150 Kcal/kg. For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with phosphorus (0.15%), calcium (0.165%) and sodium (0.035%) was considered. An effect of the association between enzyme inclusion and metabolizable energy reduction in the diets was observed only by contrast analysis, for villus height. Intestinal health was not changed. Only the serum phosphorus concentration was altered by the treatments at the different evaluated ages. The association of phytase (500 FTU/kg) with xylanase (16000 BXU/kg) in diets with reductions of up to 150 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.15% digestible P, 0.165% Ca and 0.035% Na does not alter the intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry or microbiology of broilers.

Key words
Exogenous enzyme; intestinal mucosa; non-starch polysaccharide; serum phosphorus; total bacterial count

Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	Reduction of metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg), with phytase and xylanase
Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	50	100	150
Corn, 7.88%	54.05	54.05	54.05	54.05	54.05
Soybean meal, 46%	38.82	38.82	38.82	38.82	38.82
Soybean oil	2.57	1.42	1.99	1.42	0.85
Dicalcium phosphate	1.90	1.09	1.09	1.09	1.09
Limestone	0.91	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Salt	0.51	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Mineral and vitamin supplement¹	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
DL-methionine	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36
L-lysine HCl	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
L-threonine	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Inert	0.10	2.05	1.48	2.05	2.62
Xylanase	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Phytase	0.00	0.00	0.0075	0.0075	0.0075
TOTAL	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated values
Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	2960	2860	2910	2860	2810
Crude protein (%)	22.71	22.71	22.71	22,71	22.71
Dig. arginine (%)	1.43	1.43	1.43	1.43	1.43
Dig. lysine (%)	1.32	1.32	1.32	1.32	1.32
Dig. methionine + cystine (%)	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95
Dig. threonine (%)	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86
Dig. tryptophan (%)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Calcium (%)	0.92	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
Potassium (%)	0.87	0.87	0.87	0.87	0.87
Av. phosphorus (%)	0.47	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Chlorine (%)	0.35	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Sodium (%)	0.22	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18

Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	Reduction of metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg), with phytase and xylanase
Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	50	100	150
Corn, 7.88%		58.16	58.16	58.16	58.16
Soybean meal, 46%	34.75	34.75	34.75	34.75	34.75
Soybean oil	2.62	1.48	2.05	1.48	0.91
Dicalcium phosphate	1.49	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67
Limestone	0.91	1.01	1.01	1.01	1.01
Salt	0.50	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39
Mineral and vitamin supplement¹	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
DL-methionine	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31
L-lysine HCl	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
L-threonine	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
Inert	0.52	2.47	1.88	2.45	3.02
Xylanase	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Phytase	0.00	0.00	0.0075	0.0075	0.0075
TOTAL	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated values
Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	3050	2950	3000	2950	2900
Crude protein (%)	21.20	21.20	21.20	21.20	21.20
Dig. arginine (%)	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.31
Dig. lysine (%)	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22
Dig. methionine + cystine (%)	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89
Dig. threonine (%)	0.79	0.79	0.79	0.79	0.79
Dig. tryptophan (%)	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
Calcium (%)	0.84	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.68
Potassium (%)	0.81	0.81	0.81	0.81	0.81
Av. phosphorus (%)	0.40	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Chlorine (%)	0.33	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
Sodium (%)	0.21	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17

Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	Reduction of metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg), with phytase and xylanase
Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	50	100	150
Corn, 7.88%	60.44	60.44	60.44	60.44	60.44
Soybean meal, 46%	31.63	31.63	31.63	31.63	31.63
Soybean oil	4.17	3.03	3.60	3.03	2.46
Dicalcium phosphate	1.34	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Limestone	0.89	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Salt	0.46	0.37	0.37	0.37	0.37
Mineral and vitamin supplement¹	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
DL-methionine	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
L-lysine HCl	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
L-threonine	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
Inert	0.15	2.10	1.53	2.10	2.67
Xylanase	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Phytase	0.00	0.0075	0.0075	0.0075	0.0075
TOTAL	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated values
Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	3150	3050	3100	3050	3000
Crude protein (%)	19.82	19.82	19.82	19.82	19.82
Dig. arginine (%)	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22
Dig. lysine (%)	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.13
Dig. methionine + cystine (%)	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Dig. threonine (%)	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.73
Dig. tryptophan (%)	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21
Calcium (%)	0.76	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.59
Potassium (%)	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
Av. phosphorus (%)	0.35	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Chlorine (%)	0.32	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
Sodium (%)	0.20	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16

Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	Reduction of metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg), with phytase and xylanase
Ingredient %	Positive control	Negative control	50	100	150
Corn, 7.88%	63.30	63.30	63.30	63.30	63.30
Soybean meal, 46%	28.96	28.96	28.96	28.96	28.96
Soybean oil	4.36	3.21	3.78	3.21	2.64
Dicalcium phosphate	1.12	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31
Limestone	0.79	0.88	0.88	0.88	0.88
Salt	0.44	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36
Mineral and vitamin supplement¹	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
DL-methionine	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26
L-lysine HCl	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
L-threonine	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Inert	0.15	2.11	1.54	2.11	2.68
Xylanase	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Phytase	0.00	0.00	0.0075	0.0075	0.0075
TOTAL	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated values
Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	3200	3100	3150	3100	3050
Crude protein (%)	18.78	18.78	18.78	18.78	18.78
Dig. arginine (%)	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14
Dig. lysine (%)	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06
Dig. methionine + cystine (%)	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.77
Dig. threonine (%)	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69
Dig. tryptophan (%)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Calcium (%)	0.66	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Potassium (%)	0.71	0.71	0.71	0.71	0.71
Av. phosphorus (%)	0.31	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16
Chlorine (%)	0.32	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26
Sodium (%)	0.19	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16

MER (Kcal/kg)*	PX	Jejunum				Ileum
		Villus height	Crypt depth	Villus:crypt		Villus height	Crypt depth	Villus:crypt
		--------- μm --------		Villus:crypt		--------- μm ---------		Villus:crypt
0	Without	821.56	125.39	6.71			760.02	131.42	5.88
100	Without	726.09	99.79	7.31			787.23	146.07	5.63
50	With	764.21	111.03	7.27			819.37	105.09	7.89
100	With	816.05	109.94	7.76			618.13	118.65	5.24
150	With	706.82	91.34	7.78			723.85	155.80	4.85
Mean		763.84	106.21	7.43			737.14	134.77	5.68
CV (%)¹		12.21	21.41	21.79			14.66	22.21	21.07
P-value		0.306	0.336	0.889			0.173	0.261	0.099
		Orthogonal contrast²**
C1		0.169	0.515	0.687			0.034	0.192	0.634
C2		0.255	0.132	0.423			0.692	0.999	0.975
C3		0.330	0.157	0.393	0.521		0.773	0.870

Broiler age (days)	Reduction of metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)
	0 - Positive control		100 - Negative control		50 - with phytase and xylanase		100 - with phytase and xylanase		150 - with phytase and xylanase
	TBC	Bacterium	TBC	Bacterium	TBC	Bacterium	TBC	Bacterium	TBC	Bacterium
1	Negative	-	Negative	-	Negative	-	Negative	-	Negative	S. rubidae

7	8.57	E. coli K. ozaenae	0.50	E. coli K. ozaenae	4.10	E. coli K. ozaenae	2.17	E. coli K. ozaenae	1.50	E. coli K. ozaenae A. viscosus

14	18.00	E. coli	12.15	E. coli P. mirabilis	7.50	E. coli	8.00	E. coli	4.00	E. coli E. agglomerans

21	9.83	E. coli K. ozaenae P. mirabilis	5.63	E. coli K. ozaenae	1.30	E. coli K. ozaenae	14.07	E. coli P. mirabilis	4.80	E. coli K. ozaenae

28	18.90	E. coli	46.40	E. coli	8.20	E. coli	109.60	E. coli P. mirabilis	3.20	E. coli

35	13.77	E. coli P. mirabilis	22.63	E. coli P. mirabilis	11.03	E. coli	6.50	E. coli	3.60	E. coli

42	12.33	E. coli P. mirabilis	17.97	E. coli	137.90	E. coli P. mirabilis	240.33	E. coli P . mirabilis	55.50	E. coli

MER Kcal/kg*			21 days**				42 days**
	PX	P	Ca	TC	TRG		P	Ca	TC	TRG
	PX		--------------mg/dL-----------				---------------mg/dL---------------
0	Without	5.44a	7.53	89.00	20.37		6.16a	8.54	90.40	16.32
100	Without	2.38b	7.64	119.60	31.40		1.92b	6.39	83.80	24.17
50	With	5.64a	7.88	111.80	32.94		5.34a	7.96	78.20	12.82
100	With	2.68ab	7.27	74.00	30.10		6.31a	7.34	97.80	20.97
150	With	4.23ab	7.94	118.00	33.26		5.33a	8.29	88.60	19.03
Mean		4.07	7.65	102.64	29.61		5.01	7.70	87.76	18.66
CV (%)¹		38.90	33.19	29.84	38.87		27.72	21.87	24.94	50.67
P-value²		0.009	0.993	0.108	0.398		0.001	0.301	0.692	0.405
			Orthogonal contrast³***
C1		0.774	0.820	0.029	0.860		<0.001	0.381	0.324	0.598
C2		0.043	0.905	0.279	0.058		0.052	0.230	0.766	0.543
C3		0.139	0.900	0.437	0.062		0.492	0.448	0.848	0.795

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