Shields et al.(55 Shields CL, Kaliki S, Kim HJ, Al-Dahmash S, Shah SU, Lally SE, Shields JA. Interferon for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in 81 cases: outcomes based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification. Cornea. 2013;32(3):248-56.)
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81 |
IFNα2b alone (n=22) |
5% median=1 year |
Conjunctival hyperemia: 4, 5% |
IFNα2b + surgery (n=59) |
Ocular irritation: 3, 4% |
Superficial punctate keratitis: 3, 4% |
Conjunctival follicles: 1, 1% |
Flu-like syndrome for 1 day: 7, 9% |
Sturges et al.(1919 Sturges A, Butt AL, Lai JE, Chodosh J. Topical interferon or surgical excision for the management of primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(8):1297-302.e1.)
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29 |
IFNα2b alone (n=15) Surgical excision (n=14) IFNα2b 1 million IU/ml, or 2 million U/ml, all 4 times per day, or 3 million IU/ml thrice daily If the patient failed to regress within 2 months of IFNα2b, they were crossed over to the surgery group |
IFNα2b alone=13.3% underwent surgery Surgical excision=0 During the study period of 35.6 months, no recurrence was detected |
NR |
Kusumesh et al.(1010 Kusumesh R, Ambastha A, Kumar S, Sinha BP, Imam N. Retrospective comparative study of topical interferon α2b versus mitomycin c for primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Cornea. 2017;36(3):327-31.)
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51 |
IFNα2b alone (n=26) |
Follow-up: 3.5 months in the IFNα2b group and 1.5 months in the MMC group |
Adverse effects occurred in 3 (12%) patients using IFNα2b and 22 (88%) patients using MMC |
0.04% MMC alone (n=25) |
Author
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Sample
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Treatment=MMC
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Recurrence
|
Side effects
|
Birkholz et al.(2020 Birkholz ES, Goins KM, Sutphin JE, Kitzmann AS, Wagoner MD. Treatment of ocular surface squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia with and without mitomycin C. Cornea. 2011;30(1):37-41.)
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32 |
Excision (n=15) Excision + MMC (n=17). Intraoperative MMC 0.02% or 0.04%. Postoperatively, MMC 0.02% was given TID for 2 weeks. Three cycles of 2 weeks on and 2 weeks off MMC as primary treatment or surgical adjuvant. MMC 0.04% four times a day for 3 weeks on, 3 weeks off, 3 weeks on, with topical steroid and lubricants throughout |
Excision alone=66.7% Excision + MMC=7.7% 31.7 months’ follow-up 67% recurrence rate with primary topical treatment after a mean follow-up of 50 months. All cases salvaged by surgical excision with no recurrence |
Discomfort in all patients |
The most common complication was allergy. 64% the majority of complications developed after the second 3-week cycle. The most common long-term complication was continuing mild keratoconjunctivitis |
Author
|
Sample
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Treatment=5-FU
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Recurrence
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Adverse effects
|
Russel et al.(2121 Russell HC, Chadha V, Lockington D, Kemp EG. Topical mitomycin C chemotherapy in the management of ocular surface neoplasia: a 10-year review of treatment outco mes and complications. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(10):1316-21.)
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58 |
MMC as primary treatment or surgical adjuvant. MMC 0.04% four times a day for 3 weeks on, 3 weeks off, 3 weeks on, with topical steroid and lubricants throughout |
67% recurrence rate with primary topical treatment after a mean follow-up of 50 months. All cases salvaged by surgical excision with no recurrence |
The most common complication was allergy. 64% the majority of complications developed after the second 3-week cycle. The most common long-term complication was continuing mild keratoconjunctivitis |
Author
|
Sample
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Treatment=5-FU
|
Recurrence
|
Adverse effects
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Rudkin et al.(88 Rudkin AK, Dempster L, Muecke JS. Management of diffuse ocular surface squamous neoplasia: efficacy and complications of topical chemotherapy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;43(1):20-5.)
|
38 |
5-FU 1% QID × 2 weeks MMC 0.04% × 2–3 cycles Each cycle lasted 1 week, followed by 1 week drug off. Patients with no response had excision with a 2-mm margin + cryotherapy |
MMC=7 patients |
5-FU 1%: 58.3%, with a single case of focal paracentral corneal stromal melt. MMC 0.04%: resulted in transient drug-related complications in 59% of cases |
5-FU=3 patients |