FIGURE 1
Comparison of past and current recommendations for management of autoimmune hepatitis. 44. Gronbaek L, Vilstrup H, Pedersen L, Christensen K, Jepsen P. Family occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis: A Danish nationwide registry-based cohort study. J Hepatol. 2018;69:873-7.
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8. Zachou K, Gampeta S, Gatselis NK, Oikonomou K, Goulis J, Manoussakis MN, et al. Anti-SLA/LP alone or in combination with anti-Ro52 and fine specificity of anti-Ro52 antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int . 2015;35:660-72.
9. Liaskos C, Bogdanos DP, Rigopoulou EI. Antibody responses specific for soluble liver antigen co-occur with R0-52 antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (abstract). J Hepatol. 2007;46 (Suppl 1):S250.
10. Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66:345-60.
11. Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, Parés A, Dalekos GN, Krawitt EL, et al. Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2008;48:169-76.
12. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2015;63:971-1004.
13. Kanzler S, Gerken G, Löhr H, Galle PR, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Lohse AW. Duration of immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2001;34:354-5.
14. Couto CA, Bittencourt PL, Porta G, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Carrilho FJ, Guardia BD, et al. Antismooth muscle and antiactin antibodies are indirect markers of histological and biochemical activity of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2014;59:592-600.
15. Terrabuio DRB, Diniz MA, Falcão LTM, Guedes ALV, Nakano LA, Evangelista AS, et al. Chloroquine Is Effective for Maintenance of Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Hepatol Commun. 2018;3:116-28.
16. Tomasulo P. LactMed-new NLM database on drugs and lactation. Med Ref Serv Q. 2007;26:51-8.-1717. Ponticelli C, Moroni G. Fetal toxicity of immunosuppressive Drugs in Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2018;7. Pii: E552.
FIGURE 2
Comparison of past and current recommendations for management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. 1818. Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, Higgins PD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 2010;256:387-96.
19. Aabakken L, Karlsen TH, Albert J, Arvanitakis M, Chazouilleres O, Dumonceau JM, et al. Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy. 2017;49:588-608.
20. Razumilava N, Gores GJ, Lindor KD. Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2011;54:1842-52.
21. Weismüller TJ, Trivedi PJ, Bergquist A, Imam M, Lenzen H, Ponsioen CY; International PSC Study Group. Patient Age, Sex, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Associate With Course of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1975-84.
22. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Part 2: cancer risk, prevention and surveillance. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;14:427-32.-2323. Karlsen TH, Folseraas T, Thorburn D, Vesterhus M. Primary sclerosing cholangitis - a comprehensive review. J Hepatol. 2017;67:1298-323.
FIGURE 3
Comparison of past and current recommendations for endoscopic treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. 1919. Aabakken L, Karlsen TH, Albert J, Arvanitakis M, Chazouilleres O, Dumonceau JM, et al. Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy. 2017;49:588-608.
20. Razumilava N, Gores GJ, Lindor KD. Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2011;54:1842-52.
21. Weismüller TJ, Trivedi PJ, Bergquist A, Imam M, Lenzen H, Ponsioen CY; International PSC Study Group. Patient Age, Sex, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Associate With Course of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1975-84.
22. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Part 2: cancer risk, prevention and surveillance. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;14:427-32.
23. Karlsen TH, Folseraas T, Thorburn D, Vesterhus M. Primary sclerosing cholangitis - a comprehensive review. J Hepatol. 2017;67:1298-323.-2424. Brand M, Bizos D, O’Farrell P Jr. Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010.
FIGURE 4
Comparison of past and current recommendations for management of primary biliary cholangitis. 2525. Hirschfield GM, Beuers U, Corpechot C, Invernizzi P, Jones D, Marzioni M, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 2017;67:145-50.
26. Lindor KD, Bowlus CL, Boyer J, Levy C, Mayo M. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2019;69:394-419.
27. Corpechot C, Carrat F, Poujol-Robert A, Gaouar F, Wendum D, Chazouilleres O, et al. Noninvasive elastography-based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2012;56:198-208.
28. Corpechot C, El Naggar A, Poujol-Robert A, Ziol M, Wendum D, Chazouilleres O, et al. Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC. Hepatology. 2006;43:1118-24.
29. Corpechot C. Utility of Noninvasive Markers of Fibrosis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. Clin Liver Dis. 2016;20:143-58.
30. Lammers WJ, Hirschfield GM, Corpechot C, Nevens F, Lindor KD, Janssen HL, et al; Global PBC Study Group. Development and Validation of a Scoring System to Predict Outcomes of Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Receiving Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:1804-12.
31. Carbone M, Sharp SJ, Flack S, Paximadas D, Spiess K, Adgey C, et al. The UK-PBC Risk Scores: Derivation and validation of a scoring system for long-term prediction of end-stage liver disease in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2016;63:930-50.
32. Corpechot C, Chazouilleres O, Poupon R. Early primary biliary cirrhosis: biochemical response to treatment and prediction of long-term outcome. J Hepatol. 2011;55:1361-67.
33. Corpechot C, Chazouillères O, Rousseau A, Guyader D, Habersetzer F, Mathurin P, et al. A 2-year multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in patients with inadequate biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy (Bezurso). J Hepatol. 2017;66:S89.-3434. Corpechot C, Chazouillères O, Rousseau A, Le Gruyer A, Habersetzer F, Mathurin P, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2171-81.
FIGURE 5
Comparison of the 2015 and current strategies for the management of complications of cholestasis: osteoporosis and osteopenia. 3535. Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, Cannon M, Grossman J, Hansen KE, et al. American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:1521-37.-3636. Guanabens N, Monegal A, Cerda D, Muxi A, Gifre L, Peris P, et al. Randomized trial comparing monthly ibandronate and weekly alendronate for osteoporosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2013;58:2070-8.
FIGURE 6
Comparison of the 2015 and current strategies for the screening of liver and biliary tract cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis. 2020. Razumilava N, Gores GJ, Lindor KD. Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2011;54:1842-52.,2222. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Part 2: cancer risk, prevention and surveillance. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;14:427-32.
FIGURE 7
Comparison of the 2015 and current strategies for the management of liver transplantation (LT) for autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. 1212. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2015;63:971-1004.,2525. Hirschfield GM, Beuers U, Corpechot C, Invernizzi P, Jones D, Marzioni M, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 2017;67:145-50.,3737. Czaja AJ. Acute and acute severe (fulminant) autoimmune hepatItis. Dig Dis Sci 2013;5:897-914.
38. Yeoman AD, Westbrook RH, Zen Y, Bernal W, Al-Chalabi T, Wendon JA, et al. Prognosis of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS-AIH): The role of corticosteroids in modifying outcome. J Hepatol, 2014;61:876-82.-3939. Weiler-Normann C, Lohse AW. Acute autoimmune hepatitis: Many open questions. Editorial. J Hepatol. 2014;61:727-29.,4040. Theocharidou E, Heneghan MA. Con: Steroids Should Not Be Withdrawn in Transplant Recipients With Autoimmune Hepatitis. Liver Transpl. 2018;24:1113-8.,4141. Hirschfield GM, Dyson JK, Alexander GJM, Chapman MH, Collier J, Hübscher S, et al. The British Society of Gastroenterology /UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines. Gut. 2018;67:1568-94.,4242. Montano-Loza AJ, Hansen BE, Corpechot C, Roccarina D, Thorburn D, Trivedi P, et al.; Global PBC Study Group. Factors Associated With Recurrence of Primary Biliary Cholangitis After Liver Transpl antation and Effects on Graft and Patient Survival. Gastroenterology . 2019;156:96-107.,4343. Martin EF, Levy C. Timing, management, and outcomes of liver transplantation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Semin Liv Dis. 2017;37:305-13.,4444. Chandok N, Watt KD. Burden of De Novo Malignancy in the Liver Transpl ant Recipient. Liver Transplantation. 2012;18:1277-89.
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