Exposure to pesticides and heterozygote genotype of GSTP1-Alw26I are associated to Parkinson's disease

Longo, Gabriela S.; Pinhel, Marcela S.; Sado, Caroline L.; Gregório, Michele L.; Amorim, Gisele S.; Florim, Greiciane S.; Mazeti, Camila M.; Martins, Denise P.; Oliveira, Fábio N.; Tognola, Waldir A.; Nakazone, Marcelo A.; Souza, Dorotéia R. S.

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20130060

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Articles • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 71 (7) • July 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130060 copy

Exposure to pesticides and heterozygote genotype of GSTP1-Alw26I are associated to Parkinson's disease

Exposição a pesticidas e genótipo heterozigoto de GSTP1-Alw26I associam-se à doença de Parkinson

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the frequency of GSTP1-Alw26I polymorphism and to estimate its association with toxic substances in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

A study group with 154 patients - subdivided into familial and sporadic PD groups - and 158 elderly individuals without the disease (control group) were evaluated. GSTP1-Alw26I polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results

Patients were significantly more exposed to pesticides compared with the control group (p=0.0004), and the heterozygote genotype associated to exposure to pesticides also prevailed in patients (p=0.0001). Wild homozygote genotype was related to tobacco use (p=0.043) and alcoholism (p=0.033) in familial PD patients.

Conclusion

Exposure to pesticides is associated to PD, whose effect can be enhanced when combined with the heterozygote genotype of GSTP1-Alw26I. Also, large genetic and environmental studies considering tobacco use, alcoholism, GSTP1 and PD are necessary to confirm our findings.

glutathione transferase; genetic polymorphism; Parkinson disease; xenobiotics

GSTP1-Alw26I	FSG (a)^*n=33		SSG (b)^*n=121		SG (c)^*n=154		CG (d)^*n=158
Genotype	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
I/I	21	63.6	46	38.0	67	43.5	53	33.5
I/V	10	30.3	68	56.1	78	50.6	98	62.0
V/V	2	6.0	7	5.7	9	5.8	7	4.4
Total	33	100	121	100	154	100	158	100

Allele	n	AF	n	AF	n	AF	n	AF
I	52	0.78	160	0.66	212	0.68	204	0.64
V	14	0.21	82	0.33	96	0.31	112	0.35
Total	66	1.00	242	1.00	308	1.00	316	1.00

	SG (a)^*n=154		FSG (b)^*n=33		SSG (c)^*n=121		CG (d)^*n=158
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
Median	68.2		66.1		68.8		69.0
Standart deviation	11.6		12.0		11.5		8.9
Sex
Male	97	62.9	23	69.6	74	61.1	65	41.1
Female	57	37.0	10	30.3	47	38.8	93	58.8
Smoking
Yes	55	38.1	8	25.8	47	41.5	50	37.0
No	89	61.8	23	74.1	66	58.4	85	62.9
Total	144	100	31	100	113	100	135	100
Alcoholism
Yes	46	31.9	11	35.4	35	30.9	37	27.4
No	98	68.0	20	64.5	78	69.0	98	72.5
Total	144	100	31	100	113	100	135	100
Previous contact with pesticides
Yes	72	50	12	38.7	60	53.0	21	25.0
No	72	50	19	61.3	53	47.0	63	75.0
Total	144	100	31	100	13	100	84	100

Genotype	SG (a)				FSG (b)				SSG (c)				CG (d)				p-value
	T		nT		T		nT		T		GEE nT		T		nT		p-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	axd	bxd	cxd	bxc
I/I	24	43.6	40	7.8	6	75	13	56.5	18	38.9	26	39.3	16	32.0	26	30.5	0.950	0.839	0.963	0.676
I/V	29	52.7	42	47.1	2	25	8	34.7	27	57.4	35	53.0	34	68.0	53	62.3	0.950	0.313	0.705	0.297
V/V	2	3.6	7	44.9	0	0	2	8.6	2	4.2	5	7.5	0	0	6	7.0	0.485		0.461	1.000
Total	55	100	89	100	8	100	23	100	47	100	66	100	50	100	85	100

Genotype	SG (a)				FSG (b)				SSG (c)				CG (d)				p-value
	A		nA		A		nA		A		nA		A		nA		p-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	axd	bxd	cxd	bxc
I/I	22	47.8	42	42.8	8	72.7	11	55	14	40	30	38.4	12	32.4	30	30.6	0.679	0.454	0.926	0.618
I/V	20	43.4	51	52.4	2	18.1	8	40	18	51.4	44	54.4	25	67.5	62	63.2	0.937	0.721	0.968	0.715
V/V	4	8.6	5	5.1	1	9.0	1	5	3	8.5	4	5.1	0	0	6	6.1	0.103	0.250	0.192	1.000
Total	46	100	98	100	11	100	20	100	35	100	78	100	37	100	98	100

Genotype	SG (a)				FSG (b)				SSG (c)				CG (d)				p-value
	P		nP		P		nP		P		nP		P		nP		p-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	axd	bxd	cxd	bxc
I/I	23	31.9	41	56.9	5	41.6	14	73.6	18	30.0	26	49.0	7	33.3	18	28.5	0.643	0.901	0.416	0.393
I/V	43	59.7	28	38.8	6	50	4	21.0	37	61.6	25	47.1	13	61.9	41	65.0	0.0001	0.053	0.0002	1.000
V/V	6	8.3	3	4.1	1	8.3	1	5.2	5	8.3	2	3.77	1	4.7	4	6.3	0.265	1.000	0.242	1.000
Total	72	100	72	100	12	100	19	100	60	100	53	100	21	100	63	100

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[1] Correspondence: Gabriela S. Longo; São José do Rio Preto Medical School; Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5.416; 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto SP - Brazil; E-mail: gabriela_longo@yahoo.com.br