Memory in children with symptomatic temporal lobe
          epilepsy

Guimarães, Catarina A.; Rzezak, Patrícia; Fuentes, Daniel; Franzon, Renata C.; Montenegro, Maria Augusta; Cendes, Fernando; Valente, Kette D.; Guerreiro, Marilisa M.

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20130223

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Articles • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 72 (3) • Mar 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130223 copy

Memory in children with symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy

Memória em crianças com epilepsia de lobo temporal sintomática

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

In children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), memory deficit is not so well understood as it is in adults. The aim of this study was to identify and describe memory deficits in children with symptomatic TLE, and to verify the influence of epilepsy variables on memory. We evaluated 25 children with TLE diagnosed on clinical, EEG and MRI findings. Twenty-five normal children were compared with the patients. All children underwent a neuropsychological assessment to estimate intellectual level, attention, visual perception, handedness, and memory processes (verbal and visual: short-term memory, learning, and delayed recall). The results allowed us to conclude: besides memory deficits, other neuropsychological disturbances may be found in children with TLE such as attention, even in the absence of overall cognitive deficit; the earlier onset of epilepsy, the worse verbal stimuli storage; mesial lesions correlate with impairment in memory storage stage while neocortical temporal lesions correlate with retrieval deficits.

neuropsychology; epilepsy; children; childhood; temporal lobe epilepsy; memory

	Patients Mean [SD]	Controls Mean [SD]	p-value (Mann-Whitney)
IQ (WISC-III)	96.4 [13.3]	109.7 [11.7]	0.0013
Forward digits (WISC-III)	6.8 [1.9]	7.9 [1.9]	0.0386
Verbal learning (WRAML)	37.1 [7.9]	42.4 [6.0]	0.0053
Visual learning (WRAML)	24.3 [10.0]	31.4 [9.9]	0.0254
Verbal memory (WRAML)	46.8 [16.2]	69.7 [11.7]	< 0.0001
Visual memory (WRAML)	70.6 [13.6]	87.0 [9.8]	< 0.0001
Delayed recall of verbal learning (WRAML)*	1.8 [1.7]	0.6 [1.0]	0.0033
Delayed recall of stories (WRAML)*	4.6 [3.1]	2.8 [3.2]	0.0060
Delayed recall of visual learning (WRAML)*	0.2 [1.6]	0.3 [1.1]	0.9840
Story memory recognition (WRAML)	9.2 [3.2]	12.6 [1.4]	< 0.0001

	Frequency of seizures (≤5/month or <5/month)	Use of AED (mono or polytherapy)	History of febrile seizure	History of status epilepticus	Site of lesion (cortical or mesial)	Laterality of the lesion	Duration of epilepsy (Mann-Whitney)
IQ	p=0.5067*	p=0.6043*	p=0.6043*	p=0.2589*	p=0.5485*	p=0.2601*	p=0.7359
Forward digit	p=0.2381*	p=1.0000*	p=1.0000*	p=0.1501*	p=0.6372*	p=0.3401*	p=0.1173
WRAML verbal learning	p=0.1159*	p=0.6968*	p=0.2406*	p=0.6785*	p=1.0000*	p=1.0000*	p=0.1491
WRAML visual learning	p=1.0000*	p=0.1160*	p=0.4347*	p=0.2060*	p=0.4065*	p=0.0894*	p=0.0519
WRAML verbal memory	p=0.2338*	p=0.2337*	p=1.0000*	p=1.0000*	p=0.6396*	p=0.6570*	p=0.4146
WRAML visual memory	p=1.0000*	p=0.4347*	p=1.0000*	p=0.4028*	p=0.4065*	p=0.2138*	p=0.5839
WRAML delayed recall of verbal learning	p=0.1231*	p=0.0660*	p=0.0660*	p=0.4003*	p=0.2016*	p=0.1968*	p=0.8918
WRAML delayed recall of stories	p=0.7780*	p=0.6043*	p=0.2878*	p=0.5331*	p=0.5485*	p=1.0000*	p=0.6314
WRAML delayed recall of visual learning	p=0.2190*	p=1.0000*	p=0.3406*	p=1.0000*	p=1.0000*	p=0.6106*	p=0.4563
WRAML story memory recognition (storage)	p=0.3438*	p=0.1804*	p=0.1804*	p=0.3509*	p= *0.0324 See table 3 .**	p=1.0000	p=0.5450

Lesion	With deficit	Without deficit	Total
Cortical Frequency Percentage	3 12.00	4 16.00	7 28.00
Medial Frequency Percentage	16 64.00	2 8.00	18 72.00
Total Frequency Percentage	19 76.00	6 24.00	25 100.00

	n	Mean	SD	p-value*
IQ (WISC-III)				0.5540
Inferior	21	4.50	2.98
Mean	4	5.13	3.12
Direct digits (WISC-III)				0.8643
With deficit	6	4.62	3.59
Without deficit	19	4.60	2.83
Verbal learning (WRAML)				0.7595
With deficit	10	4.52	2.93
Without deficit	15	4.66	3.06
Visual learning (WRAML)				1.0000
With deficit	11	4.90	3.11
Without deficit	14	4.37	2.90
Verbal memory (WRAML)				0.5989
With deficit	17	4.55	3.04
Without deficit	8	4.71	2.92
Visual memory (WRAML)				0.7006
With deficit	14	4.56	3.39
Without deficit	11	4.66	2.42
Delayed recall of verbal learning (WRAML)				0.8272
With deficit	13	4.33	2.40
Without deficit	12	4.90	3.53
Delayed recall of stories (WRAML)				0.7086
With deficit	4	5.00	2.16
Without deficit	21	4.53	3.11
Delayed recall of visual learning (WRAML)				0.3773
With deficit	5	5.45	1.82
Without deficit	20	4.39	3.17
Story memory recognition (WRAML)				0.0161
With deficit	19	2.05	2.57
Without deficit	6	5.41	2.62

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[1] Correspondence:
Marilisa M. Guerreiro; Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126; 13083-887 Campinas SP – Brasil; E-mail: mmg@fcm.unicamp.br