Normative data of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation test for brazilian elderly population

Avila, Renata; Lopes, Marcos Antonio; Nakano, Eduardo Y.; Bottino, Cassio M.C

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20150200

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Articles • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 74 (02) • Feb 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20150200 copy

Normative data of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation test for brazilian elderly population

Dados normativos do teste Fuld Object Memory Evaluation para a populaçāo de idosos brasileiros

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

This study aims to present normative data for Fuld Object Memory Evaluation test stratified by sex, gender, age, and education for the Brazilian elderly population.

Method

We evaluated 2.132 healthy elderly both genders, with a mean age of 70.30 years (± 7.28) from two community-based samples in Brazil drawn from different economic areas who were screened with cognitive and functional tests and the memory test. Statistical analyses were performed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression.

Results

Statistical analyses showed that memory scores tend to improve significantly with increasing years of education and decrease significantly as age increased.

Conclusion

We conclude that gender, education and age had effect on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation performance in this Brazilian community-based sample.

cognition; neuropsychological tests; dementia; long term memory; episodic memory; mild cognitive impairment

	Frequency (%)	Mean (SD)	Range (min; max)
Education (years)
Illiteracy	213 (10.0)
1-4	880 (41.3)
5-8	260 (12.2)
≥ 9	779 (36.5)
Age (years)
60-69	1,069 (50.1)
70-79	797 (37.4)
≥ 80	257 (12.1)
Sex
Male	726 (34.1%)
Female	1,406 (65.9%)
MMSE		26.48 (3.26)	(18; 50)
IQCODE		3.03 (0.26)	(1; 3.37)
BADL		1.68 (1.22)	(0.92; 24)

Total	2,132

	Male Mean (SD)	Female Mean (SD)	Total Mean (SD)	p*
Immediate retrieval	37.43 (6.82)	39.40 (6.50)	38.73 (6.68)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 1 – happy	4.26 (1.85)	4.53 (1.98)	4.45 (1.94)	0.002
Verbal fluency 2 – animal	11.30 (3.65)	11.09 (3.69)	11.16 (3.68)	0.199
Verbal fluency 3 – fruits	8.40 (1.89)	8.84 (2.00)	8.69 (1.97)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 4 – names	8.50 (2.40)	8.82 (2.45)	8.70 (2.43)	0.005
Verbal Fluency 5 – sad	3.92 (1.76)	4.08 (1.88)	4.02 (1.84)	0.059
Delayed recall	8.06 (1.66)	8.55 (1.60)	8.38 (1.64)	< 0.001
Recognition	9.86 (0.82)	9.94 (0.41)	9.92 (0.54)	0.013

	60-69 Mean (SD)	70-79 Mean (SD)	≥ 80 Mean (SD)	Total Mean (SD)	p*
Immediate retrieval	40.10^a (5.99)	38.13^b (6.61)	34.84^c (7.79)	38.73(6.68)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 1 – happy	4.55^a (1.99)	4.39^ab (1.91)	4.20^b (1.82)	4.45 (1.94)	0.017
Verbal fluency 2 – animal	11.55^a (3.94)	10.87^b (3.35)	10.44^b (3.28)	11.16 (3.68)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 3 – fruits	8.84^a (1.91)	8.63^a (1.93)	8.26^b (2.24)	8.69 (1.97)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 4 – names	8.96^a (2.42)	8.59^b (2.40)	8.00^c (2.43)	8.70 (2.43)	< 0.001
Verbal Fluency 5 – sad	4.08^a (1.80)	3.95^a (1.92)	4.00^a (1.73)	4.02 (1.84)	0.294
Delayed recall	8.66^a (1.45)	8.24^b (1.68)	7.70^c (1.96)	8.38 (1.64)	< 0.001
Recognition	9.93^a (0.53)	9.91^a (0.63)	9.85^a (0.63)	9.92 (0.54)	0.114

	0 Mean (SD)	1-4 Mean (SD)	5-8 Mean (SD)	≥ 9 Mean (SD)	Total Mean (SD)	p*
Immediate retrieval	36.67^a (6.80)	37.83^a (6.37)	39.22^b (6.84)	40.14^a (6.61)	38.73 (6.67)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 1 – happy	3.59^a (1.45)	3.94^a (1.63)	4.65^b (1.93)	5.17^c (2.12)	4.45 (1.94)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 2 – animal	9.47^a (2.82)	9.91^a (3.01)	11.73^b (3.50)	12.84^c (3.88)	11.16 (3.68)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 3 – fruits	7.56^a (1.73)	8.19^b(1.78)	9.21^c (2.15)	9.39^c (1.87)	8.69 (1.97)	< 0.001
Verbal fluency 4 – names	7.50^a (2.14)	8.09^b (2.21)	9.15^c (2.56)	9.58^c (2.37)	8.70 (2.43)	< 0.001
Verbal Fluency 5 – sad	3.09^a (1.34)	3.51^b (1.63)	4.26^c (1.67)	4.76^d (1.94)	4.02 (1.84)	< 0.001
Delayed recall	7.98^a (1.77)	8.18^a (1.56)	8.50^b (1.66)	8.69^b (1.63)	8.38 (1.64)	< 0.001
Recognition	9.91^a (0.47)	9.93^a (0.51)	9.95^a (0.37)	9.89^a (0.73)	9.92 (0.54)	0.470

Immediate retrieval

Percentile Scores	Age 60-69				Age 70-79				Age ≥ 80

	Education (years)				Education (years)				Education (years)

	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9
	n = 89	n = 445	n = 127	n = 165	n = 96	n = 331	n = 98	n = 118	n = 26	n = 97	n = 34	n = 36
90	45.00	46.00	47.00	47.00	44.00	45.00	46.00	47.00	43.00	43.20	43.00	46.60
75	44.00	43.00	45.00	45.00	41.00	42.00	44.00	44.00	39.25	40.50	40.25	43.75
50	39.00	40.00	42.00	42.00	36.00	38.00	40.50	40.00	35.50	36.00	36.00	41.00
25	35.00	35.00	38.00	38.50	32.00	33.00	36.00	35.00	29.50	29.50	27.75	35.50
10	29.00	31.00	31.80	34.60	27.00	29.00	31.00	29.00	25.40	23.80	22.00	25.70

Delayed retrieval recall

Percentile Scores	Age 60-69				Age 70-79				Age ≥ 80

	Education (years)				Education (years)				Education (years)

	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9	illiteracy	1-4	5-8	≥ 9

	n = 87	n = 439	n = 123	n = 163	n = 95	n = 333	n = 97	n = 117	n = 24	n = 96	n = 34	n = 36

90	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
75	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	9.00	9.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	9.00	9.00	9.75
50	9.00	9.00	9.00	9.00	8.00	8.00	9.00	9.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.50
25	7.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	7.00	7.00	7.00	8.00	7.00	7.00	6.00	7.00
10	6.00	6.00	7.00	7.00	5.60	6.00	7.00	6.00	5.50	5.00	4.5.	4.70

Socio-demographic variables	Beta value	Std. Error	95%CI	p-value
Intercept	9.261	0.101	(9.064; 9.458)	< 0.001
Education (years)				<0.001
No formal education	- 0.753	0.225	(-1.195; -0.311)	0.001
1-4	- 0.625	0.135	(- 0.891; -0.360)	< 0.001
5-8	- 0.485	0.198	(-0.873; -0.096)	0.014
≥ 9	0
Age (years)				< 0.001
60-69	0
70-79	- 0.478	0.161	(-0.783; -0.162)	0.003
≥ 80	- 1.473	0.218	(-1.901; -1.045)	< 0.001
Sex				< 0.001
Male	-0.655	0.162	(-0.971; -0.338)	< 0.001
Female	0
Age * Education				0.030
Age ≥ 80 * education 0	0.840	0.493	(-0.127; 1.807)	0.088
Age ≥ 80 * education 1-4	0.780	0.303	(0.186; 1.374)	0.010
Age ≥ 80 * education 5-8	0.549	0.410	(-0.256; 1.354)	0.181
Age ≥ 80 * education ≥ 9	0
Age 70-79 * education 0	-0.273	0.319	(-0.899; 0.353)	0.392
Age 70-79 * education 1-4	0.055	0.213	(-0.363; 0.472)	0.797
Age 70-79 * education 5-8	0.378	0.302	(0.215; 0.971)	0.212
Age 70-79 * education ≥ 9	0
Age 60-69 * education 0	0
Age 60-69 * education 1-4	0
Age 60-69 * education 5-8	0
Age 60-69 * education ≥ 9	0

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[1] Correspondence
: Renata Avila; Rua Ovidio Pires de Campos, 255; 05403 010 São Paulo SP, Brasil; E-mail: avilarenata@uol.com.br.